疤痕子宫妊娠妇女经产道分娩的可行性、安全性和相关危险因素分析

目的:探讨疤痕子宫妊娠妇女经产道分娩的可行性、安全性和相关危险因素。方法:选择疤痕子宫妊娠妇女120例,根据分娩方式的不同分为剖宫产组(80例)与自然分娩组(40例),观察再次剖宫产的原因与两组的预后情况。结果:再次剖宫产的指征主要为疤痕子宫(患者拒绝试产)、产程异常、胎儿窘迫、前置胎盘等。自然分娩组的产时出血量明显少于剖宫产组(P0.05),产后出血与产后感染发生率也均明显低于剖宫产组(P0.05)。两组的5分钟Apgar评分对比差异无统计学意义,但自然分娩组新生儿黄疸与新生儿湿肺发生情况明显低于剖宫产组(P0.05)。自然分娩组的分娩满意度为97.50%,剖宫产组为83.75%,自然分娩组明显高于剖宫产组(P0.05)。结论:疤痕子宫妊娠妇女经产道分娩可行性好,能减少对于产妇与新生儿的影响,安全性佳,但也要根据产妇的实际情况进行具体选择。     

臀位分娩方式的选择对新生儿的影响

目的探讨单胎臀位分娩方式与新生儿窒息发生率、新生儿体重、新生儿死亡情况及产次之间的关系。方法将251例单胎臀位妊娠产妇按分娩方式分为阴道分娩组及剖宫产组,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果新生儿体重剖宫产组显著高于阴道分娩组（P〈0．01）．新生儿窒息率剖宫产组显著低于阴道分娩组（P〈0．05）。新生儿死亡率剖宫产组显著低于阴道分娩组（P〈0．05）。结论正确选择单胎臀位妊娠分娩方式,将有助于降低新生儿窒息率、新生儿死亡率。     

改良VBAC评分法联合护理干预在剖宫产后阴道试产中的临床价值

为了分析改良剖宫产术后阴道分娩(vaginal birth after cesarean section, VBAC)评分法联合护理干预在剖宫产术后阴道试产孕妇中的临床价值,本研究选取在医院就诊的240例剖宫产术后阴道试产孕妇,随机分为两组,每组120例。对照组给予VBAC评分法联合护理干预,实验组为改良VBAC评分法联合护理干预。统计分析两组孕妇试产时情况(产程时间,产时出血量和产后住院时间)、孕妇术后并发症(产褥感染,产后出血和尿潴留)、新生儿并发症(早产,肺炎和新生儿窒息)和分娩成功率。研究结果显示,相对于未改良VBAC评分组,改良VBAC评分法联合护理干预可明显改善剖宫产后阴道试产时的孕妇临床指数,降低孕妇术后并发症和新生儿并发症的发生率,以及升高分娩成功率(p0.05)。改良VBAC评分法联合护理干预在剖宫产后阴道试产孕妇中具有重要的临床效果和价值,值得临床推广和运用。     

改变产妇体位加用地西泮和山莨菪碱在产程中的效果观察

目的 观察改变产妇体位加用地西泮和山莨菪碱在枕后位及枕横位分娩的效果.方法 对532例临产后分娩早期发现枕后位、枕横位,无头盆不称足月妊娠健康产妇,随机分为改变产妇体位加用地西泮和山莨菪碱组（A组）、常规体位组（B组）,观察两组的产程、分娩方式、出生时胎儿体重、产后出血及新生儿窒息情况.结果 A组的产程短,手术产率低,产后出血及新生儿窒息无增加;对照组的产程长,手术产率高.结论 临产后尽早发现枕后位、枕横位,及时改变产妇体位,加用安定和山莨菪碱可预防持续性枕后位、枕横位的发生,减少难产,提高阴道分娩质量.     

不同分娩方式对产妇产后心理和生理的影响

目的:探讨不同分娩方式对产妇产后心理和生理的影响.方法:随机选择2011年1月～2011年12月在苏大附一院分娩的初产妇400例,其中剖宫产、阴道自然分娩各200例,对两组产妇产后42天心理状况、恶露持续时间、泌乳情况进行调查.结果:两种分娩方式对产妇产后42天发生焦虑和抑郁心理的影响无明显差别(P＞0.05);阴道自然分娩组产后恶露持续时间短于剖宫产组,差异有显著意义(P＜0.01).有抑郁、焦虑情绪的产妇泌乳始动时间显著长于正常产妇,24h泌乳量显著少于正常产妇(P＜0.01).结论:剖宫产对产妇身体生理创伤大过阴道自然分娩,应严格控制剖宫产的适应症,鼓励阴道自然分娩.     

导乐陪伴式分娩的临床效果观察

目的:探讨导乐陪伴分娩对产程、剖宫产率及围产期并发症的影响,提高分娩质量.方法:960例初产妇随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用导乐陪伴式分娩,对照组产妇采用传统护理方法分娩,观察两组产程时长、分娩方式、产后24h出血量和新生儿窒息等情况.结果:观察组产程时长显著低于对照组,相比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);观察组阴道分娩率为85.6%,显著高于对照组(55.2%),相比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);观察组产后24h出血量和新生儿窒息显著低于对照组,相比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:导乐式陪伴分娩能有效地缩短产程、降低剖宫产率、减少产后出血和新生儿窒息的发生,值得临床推广应用.     

剖宫产术后阴道分娩156例临床分析

目的分析剖宫产后再次妊娠经阴道分娩的影响因素,降低二次剖宫产率,提高产科质量。方法回顾性分析我科2013年1月~2016年12月收治的156例剖宫产术后再次妊娠经阴道分娩产妇的临床资料。结果剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩的890例中,经阴道分娩的156例,占剖宫产术后分娩的17.53%,其中150例自然分娩,6例因胎儿宫内窘迫行产钳助产。结论严格掌握剖宫产术后经阴道试产的指征,并在产程中严密观察下,剖宫产产妇再次妊娠可选择阴道分娩方式。     

重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症对母婴结局影响的临床分析

目的：分析重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP）对母婴结局的影响,以提高对ICP的认识与治疗水平。方法：选择ICP产妇58例,根据ICP分度标准分为轻度组（n=26例）和重度组（n=32例）,比较两组产妇的母婴结局。结果：与轻度组相比,重度组产妇剖宫产率、产后出血与平均产后出血量显著升高或增加,阴道分娩率显著降低,组间比较差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;重度组新生儿早产、胎儿窘迫、羊水污染和新生儿窒息的发生率均显著上升,新生儿平均出生体重显著降低,组间比较差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：ICP对产妇及新生儿均有不良影响,对ICP严重程度进行划分,有利于临床处理。对于重度ICP产妇,应尽早采取剖宫产分娩的方式终止妊娠。     

会阴适度保护接生法在低危初产妇阴道分娩的应用研究

目的探讨会阴适度保护接生法在低危初产妇阴道分娩中的应用效果。方法选择我院妇产科2013年1月~2014年12月收治的低危初产妇1176例,按数字随机分组法分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用传统保护会阴法进行分娩,观察组采用会阴适度保护接生法进行分娩,观察比较两组产妇第二产程时间、产后出血、会阴侧切、会阴完整、会阴Ⅰ°裂伤、会阴Ⅱ°裂伤、新生儿产伤、新生儿窒息情况。结果观察组产妇第二产程时间、产后出血、会阴侧切、会阴完整、会阴Ⅰ°裂伤与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组产妇Ⅱ°裂伤、新生儿轻度窒息情况与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组产妇均无会阴Ⅲ°裂伤、新生儿产伤、新生儿重度窒息情况。结论低危初产妇采取会阴适度保护接生法阴道分娩可减少对母婴损害,值得临床推广。     

COOK双球囊导管在足月妊娠引产中的临床研究

目的:探讨宫颈双球囊导管在足月妊娠促宫颈成熟及引产中的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾性选择符合有引产指征、单胎头位、宫颈评分6分的100例足月妊娠孕妇进行分析,其中51例采用COOK双球囊导管引产者为COOK组,49例采用小剂量缩宫素引产者为对照组,比较分析两组宫颈成熟度、引产效果、分娩方式、分娩结局、产后出血、新生儿窒息等情况。结果:100例孕妇引产指征主要是延期(过期)妊娠、羊水过少、妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠合并甲减等。COOK组51例促宫颈成熟有效49例(96.08%),对照组有效16例(32.65%),COOK组促宫颈成熟有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。COOK组诱发临产时间明显少于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。COOK组阴道分娩41例(80.39%),剖宫产10例(19.61%);对照组阴道分娩20例(40.82%),剖宫产29例(59.18%),COOK组阴道分娩率明显高于对照组,剖宫产率明显低于对照组,两组差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组之间的总产程、羊水污染率、新生儿窒息率、产后出血率等围产结局无显著差异(P0.05);COOK组引产过程中出现不良反应6例(11.76%),对照组5例(10.20%),两组无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:COOK双球囊导管促宫颈成熟及引产效果明显优于缩宫素,且不增加不良反应的发生,由于操作简单,有效性和安全性高,值得国内临床推广。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.