Runx3在溃疡性结肠炎中的表达

目的:观察Runx3在溃疡性结肠炎(UC)粘膜组织中的表达,探讨抑癌基因RUNX3在溃疡性结肠炎发病机制中的调控作用.方法:选取经过临床表现、内镜、病理等方法共同确诊的溃疡性结肠炎活检的石蜡标本和结肠癌手术切除标本残端的正常组织石蜡标本,用免疫组织化学的方法检测Runx3蛋白在68例UC及50例对照结肠粘膜组织中的表达情况.结果:Runx3在UC及对照组结肠粘膜组织中均有表达,两者之间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). Runx3的表达与UC患者的性别、年龄及病变严重程度之间无显著性相关(P＞0.05).结论:Runx3作为一个转录因子在溃疡性结肠炎的发病机制中可能通过非直接的方式发挥其重要作用.     

结直肠息肉切除术患者肠道微生态失调分析及其与癌变进展的相关性

目的分析结直肠息肉切除术患者肠道微生态失调情况及其与癌变进展的相关性。方法前瞻性选择2015年7月至2016年7月在我院行结直肠息肉切除术的89例患者为研究对象,评价所有研究对象手术前后肠道菌群计数、肠道菌群失调情况,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变的影响因素。结果结直肠息肉患者术后大肠埃希菌计数(10.85±0.50)、粪肠球菌计数(10.12±0.55)显著高于术前(8.34±0.41,7.76±0.37)(均P0.01),结直肠息肉患者术后双歧杆菌计数(2.56±0.68)、乳杆菌计数(2.83±0.71)显著低于术前(5.20±1.06,5.93±0.88)(均P0.01)。结直肠息肉患者术后Ⅰ度菌群失调比例(23.60%)显著低于术前(55.06%)(P0.05),结直肠息肉患者术后Ⅱ、Ⅲ度菌群失调比例(50.56%,25.84%)显著高于术前(34.83%,10.11%)(均P0.05)。随访3年显示89例结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变率为33.71%,性别、病理类型不同的结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变率差异无统计学意义(均P0.05),年龄、遗传史、息肉直径、肠道菌群失调程度不同的结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变率差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。年龄、遗传史、肠道菌群失调程度是结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变的影响因素(均P0.05)。结论结直肠息肉切除术患者存在明显肠道微生态失调情况,肠道微生态失调是结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变的危险因素,这对临床防治结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变有重要指导意义。     

参苓白术散与美沙拉嗪对溃疡性结肠炎患者血清IL-17、IL-23及TNF-α水平的影响

目的:探讨参苓白术散联合美沙拉嗪治疗脾胃气虚型溃疡性结肠炎的疗效及对血清细胞因子水平的影响。方法:按照随机数字表法将2013年1月至2014年1月我院收治的脾胃气虚型溃疡性结肠炎患者分为两组,对照组给予美沙拉嗪口服治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予参苓白术散口服治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效及血清细胞因子的水平变化。结果:观察组患者治疗的总有效率优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者Sutherland DAI评分均获得改善,且观察组优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的IL-17、IL-23及TNF-α水平均显著降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:参苓白术散联合美沙拉嗪对脾胃气虚型溃疡性结肠炎具有良好的临床疗效,能够改善患者血清细胞因子的水平。     

丽珠肠乐治疗溃疡性结肠炎的临床疗效及病理变化的研究

目的:探讨溃疡性结肠炎的微生态学改变及双歧杆菌对溃疡性结肠炎的预防和治疗作用.方法:随机选取溃疡性结肠炎的患者60人,分成二组.治疗组:口服丽珠肠乐胶囊;对照组:口服氟哌酸胶囊,柳氮磺胺吡啶栓直肠给药.疗程一个月.结果:溃疡性结肠炎的肠道内细菌数量双歧杆菌、乳杆菌显著下降(P＜0.01),肠球菌显著增加(P＜0.01).经丽珠肠乐治疗后,肠道内主要细菌的数量恢复正常,与对照组相比差异有显著性(P＜0.01);肠道黏膜病理及组织学改变基本恢复正常;临床症状改善上治疗组疗效高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗溃疡性结肠炎效果显著,值得临床推广使用.     

磷酸铝凝胶在溃疡性结肠炎治疗中的应用

目的分析磷酸铝凝胶对溃疡性结肠炎的治疗效果。方法选取我院2015年4月~2016年1月收治的溃疡性结肠炎患者70例,随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用磷酸铝凝胶,比较两组患者治疗效果。结果对照组治疗总有效率为82.4%,观察组为94.4%,两组比较差异有显著统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者的腹痛、腹泻、里急后重、便血等症状改善时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者均顺利完成疗程治疗,均无明显不良反应。结论磷酸铝凝胶可促进溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床症状改善,提高治疗效果,值得推广。     

美沙拉嗪对溃疡性结肠炎患者血清CRP,IL-10及TNF-α水平的影响

目的:探讨美沙拉嗪对溃疡性结肠炎患者血清CRP,IL-10及TNF-α水平的影响。方法:收集我院就诊的120例溃疡性结肠炎患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组60例。两组给予柳氮磺吡啶肠溶片治疗,实验组患者给予美沙拉嗪肠溶片治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及白介素-10(IL-10)水平、临床疗效及安全性。结果:与治疗前相比,治疗后两组患者血清CRP及TNF-α水平均下降,而IL-10水平均升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者血清CRP及TNF-α水平较低,而IL-10水平较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者临床治疗有效率较高,不良反应发生率较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:美沙拉嗪能够抑制溃疡性结肠炎患者的炎症反应水平,降低CRP、TNF-α水平,升高IL-10水平,临床疗效较好,且用药安全。     

结直肠息肉与血脂水平的相关性研究

目的:探讨高脂血症与结直肠息肉的相关性,分析结直肠息肉发生的相关危险因素。方法:检测160例结直肠息肉患者和153例对照组患者血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)的水平,分别比较结直肠息肉组与对照组、不同病理类型息肉组间、不同部位的结直肠息肉组间、不同性别的结直肠息肉组间以及不同大小息肉组间患者的血脂水平。结果:结直肠息肉组高脂血症发生率高于对照组,男性结直肠息肉组高脂血症发生率高于女性,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同病理类型息肉患者血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。左半结肠+直肠息肉组高脂血症发生率高于右半结肠组,体重超重者(BMI≥24 kg/m2)结肠息肉发生率较BMI正常者高,息肉大于1 cm患者高脂血症发生率高于息肉小于1 cm者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:高脂血症、肥胖及男性是发生结直肠息肉的高危因素,而息肉大小、部位均与高脂血症的发生风险密切有关。     

炎症性肠病患者的自主神经功能研究

目的:探讨炎症性肠病患者的自主神经功能状态。方法:选取炎症性肠病(IBD)患者60例作为观察组,包括活动期溃疡性结肠炎(UC)37例,活动期克罗恩病(CD)23例,同期健康体检者50例作为对照组。交感神经功能采用握力试验以及卧立位血压差的方式进行检查;迷走神经功能则采用卧立位心率变化和Valsalva动作反应指数检查方法。结果:(1)观察组卧立位心率变化均值明显低于对照组,其中溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病心率变化均值均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);溃疡性结肠炎与克罗恩病心率变化均值差异无统计学意义(P0.05);溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病Valsalva动作反应指数与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(F=1.06,P0.05)。(2)观察组卧立位血压差均值明显高于对照组,握力试验的血压反应均值明显低于对照组,溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病卧立位血压差均值均明显低于对照组,握力试验的血压反应均值均明显低于对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病卧立位血压差均值及血压反应均值比较均无统计学差异。结论:炎症性肠病患者存在自主神经功能紊乱,交感神经功能增强而迷走神经功能相对减弱。     

老年急性心肌梗死患者并发肺部感染的危险因素分析及护理对策

目的探讨老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者并发肺部感染的危险因素及护理对策。方法回顾性分析我院心内科2012年1月~2015年1月收治的老年AMI患者160例的临床资料,根据患者有无并发肺部感染分为感染组(观察组,n=36)和非感染组(对照组,n=124),比较两组患者的性别、年龄、吸烟史、左室射血分数(LVEF)、基础疾病等变量,研究上述变量与肺部感染的相关性,进一步分析AMI患者并发肺部感染的独立危险因素,比较两组患者住院时间和死亡率。结果观察组在年龄、合并糖尿病、吸烟等变量较对照组明显升高,LVEF值较对照组明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。将这些变量纳入多元Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、低EF水平及合并糖尿病是老年AMI患者合并肺部感染的独立危险因素。观察组住院时间为(24.5±2.6)天明显长于对照组的(18.2±3.8)天,病死率为25%明显高于对照组的15.2%,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论高龄、低LVEF、合并糖尿病是老年AMI患者并发肺部感染的独立危险因素,对合并上述危险因素患者应实施针对性的护理措施,从而降低老年心梗的病死率。     

复方嗜酸乳杆菌对轻中度溃疡性结肠炎诱导和维持缓解作用的临床研究

目的:观察复方嗜酸乳杆菌对轻中度溃疡性结肠炎诱导和维持缓解作用的疗效.方法:第一阶段将102例轻、中度溃疡性结肠炎患者随机分成A组(34例)、B组(34例)和C组(34例),分别服用美沙拉嗪片、复方嗜酸乳杆菌、美沙拉嗪+复方嗜酸乳杆菌治疗12周后观察3组临床疗效,缓解率及缓解时间.第二阶段将各组缓解者随访1年,观察3组维持时间及复发率.结果:3组临床疗效评价,临床缓解时间、缓解率比较无显著性差异见(P＞0.05),3组患者维持临床缓解时间、复发率比较差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).所以由中国株嗜酸乳杆菌,日本株嗜酸乳杆菌、粪链球菌和枯草杆菌等四种菌粉组成的复方片剂是值得推荐的维持治疗缓解期UC的有效药物;两者联合用药并未增效,联合使用复方嗜酸乳杆菌片和美拉沙嗪作为溃疡性结肠炎的联合维持治疗是没有必要的.结论:复方嗜酸乳杆菌对轻中度溃疡性结肠炎诱导和维持缓解作用的疗效与美拉沙嗪比较无差异,没有必要联合使用复方嗜酸乳杆菌片和美拉沙嗪作为溃疡性结肠炎的联合维持治疗.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.