DC-CIK细胞免疫治疗晚期结直肠癌患者的远期疗效及其影响因素分析

目的:探讨树突状细胞(DC)联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤(CIK)细胞免疫治疗晚期结直肠癌(CRC)患者的远期疗效及其影响因素分析。方法:收集我院2011年1月至2014年1月收治的112例晚期结直肠癌患者,依据是否接受DC-CIK细胞免疫治疗将患者分为对照组(n=47)和观察组(n=65),分别给予一般化疗方案治疗和化疗联合DC-CIK细胞免疫方案治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后血清肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原(CEA)、淋巴细胞亚群,治疗有效率(RR)、疾病控制率(DCR)、无进展生存期(PFS)和安全性改变,并分析影响疗效的危险因素。结果:两组治疗后CEA水平均显著低于治疗前(P0.05),治疗后对照组CD3+T细胞、CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞和NK细胞均显著减少(P0.05),观察组治疗后CD3+T细胞和CD8+T细胞数量显著高于治疗前和同期对照组(均P0.05);对照组RR、DCR和PFS分别为44.68%、65.96%、6.5个月,观察组治疗对应指标分别为46.15%、86.15%、9个月,观察组DCR和FPS均显著高于对照组(P0.05);多因素分析发现TNM分期达到Ⅳ级(P=0.023)和年龄超过60岁(P=0.006)是影响疗效的独立危险因素。结论:DC-CIK细胞免疫治疗晚期结直肠癌安全可靠,能显著改善患者免疫功能控制肿瘤进展,延长生存期,提高生存质量,值得临床推广。     

超声乳化白内障吸出联合房角分离术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼并发白内障的疗效观察

目的:观察超声乳化白内障吸出联合房角分离术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)并发白内障的临床疗效和安全性.方法:将60例(63眼)PACG并发白内障患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用超声乳化白内障吸出、后房人工晶体植入联合房角分离术治疗,对照组采用超声乳化白内障吸出、后房人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗,治疗后观察和比较两组患者治疗前后眼压、视力、房角粘连度的变化及并发症的发生情况等.结果:观察组和对照组术后3天、7天和术后1、3、6月时眼压均较术前显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),且术后观察组眼压显著低于同期对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).观察组和对照组术后6月视力与术前比较均显著上升(P＜0.01),且观察组视力显著高于同期对照组(P＜0.01).而观察组和对照组术后6月房角粘连度均下降,与术前比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01),且观察组显著低于同期对照组(P＜0.05).对照组术后并发症的发生率为71.0％,观察组为18.8％,较对照组显著降低(P＜0.01).结论:超声乳化白内障吸出联合房角分离术治疗PACG并发白内障比超声乳化白内障吸出联合后房人工晶状体植入以及小梁切除术更加安全有效.     

胃肠外营养支持在癌症晚期患者中的应用观察

目的：探讨胃肠外营养支持在癌症晚期患者中的应用效果。方法：将选取的168例癌症晚期患者随机分为2组,观察组给予静脉营养,对照组常规治疗,观察并比较2组患者的营养状况、机体免疫情况、生活质量情况。结果：治疗3w后,观察组的血清白蛋白、血清总蛋白、血红蛋白显著高于治疗前,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;对照组治疗前后的血清白蛋白、血清总蛋白、血红蛋白差异没有统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组的血清白蛋白、血清总蛋白、血红蛋白显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗3w后,观察组IgA、IgM、IgG、CD3+、CD3+/CD4+、CD4+/CD8+显著高于治疗前（P＜0.05）;对照组治疗前后IgA、IgM、IgG、CD3+、CD3+/CD4+、CD4+/CD8+差异均没有统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组IgA、IgM、IgG、CD3+、CD3+/CD4+、CD4+/CD8+显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗3w后,观察组QOL评分显著高于治疗前（P＜0.05）;对照组治疗前后QOL评分差异没有统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组QOL评分显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：胃肠外营养支持有利于改善癌症晚期患者生活质量和癌症晚期营养状况,有利于改善和进一步预防癌症晚期患者机体免疫力的进一步下降。     

脾多肽注射液对原发性肝癌患者超声学改变及AFP水平的影响

目的:探讨脾多肽注射液对原发性肝癌患者超声学改变及AFP水平的影响。方法:选取我院肿瘤科收治的原发性肝癌患者168例,随机分为对照组和研究组,每组84例。对照组患者予以经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗,研究组在对照组基础上予以脾多肽注射液治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后肿瘤血供情况、血清肿瘤标志物水平、外周血免疫细胞水平、临床疗效及不良反应发生率。结果:研究组治疗有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组治疗后肿瘤内动脉、肿瘤周边动脉血流分级水平较低,肿瘤周边门脉血流分级水平较高,治疗后血清AFP、CA19-9、GGT、AFU水平较低,治疗后外周血NK细胞、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+比值水平较高,CD8~+T淋巴细胞水平较低(P0.05);研究组恶心呕吐、食欲不振、白细胞减少、发热、乏力疲劳等不良反应的发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:脾多肽注射液能够有效减少原发性肝癌患者肿瘤组织的血供,降低AFP、CA19-9、GGT、AFU水平,减轻免疫抑制,提高临床疗效,降低不良反应的发生率。     

动脉化疗栓塞与三维适形放疗联合在原发性肝癌患者中应用及效果

目的:探讨动脉化疗栓塞治疗联合三维适形放疗在原发性肝癌患者中的应用及效果.方法:选取辽宁省肿瘤医院肿瘤科2010年1月至2012年12月收治的70例原发性肝癌患者作为研究对象,应用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和实验组,每组患者各35例,比较两组患者临床疗效、甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平变化和药物毒副反应发生情况.结果:实验组患者AFP明显低于对照组患者的,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),实验组患者肿瘤大小明显小于对照组患者的,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),实验组患者治疗总有效率(91.43％)明显高于对照组患者治疗总有效率为(65.71％),差异有显著性(P＜0.05),与对照组患者相比,试验组患者药物毒副反应发生率未见明显增加,差异无显著性(P＞o.05).结论:肝动脉化疗栓塞联合三维适形放疗综合治疗原发性肝癌临床疗效确切,优于肝动脉化疗栓塞,具有安全高效和不良反应少等特点.     

艾迪注射液联合化疗对卵巢癌患者血清HE4，CA125，CA19-9，AFP，CEA水平及T细胞亚群的影响

目的:探讨艾迪注射液联合化疗对卵巢癌患者血清人附睾蛋白4(HE4)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)及T细胞亚群的影响。方法:选取我院2014年8月至2016年2月收治的78例卵巢癌患者,按照随机数表法将其分为观察组(n=39)和对照组(n=39),对照组患者给予化疗,观察组患者给予艾迪注射液联合化疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前后血清HE4、CA125、CA19-9、AFP、CEA水平及T细胞亚群的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组的总有效率(94.87%)显著高于对照组(76.92%)(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清HE4、CA125、CA19-9、AFP、CEA水平均较治疗前明显下降,且观察组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+较治疗前均显著降低,且观察组患者CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:艾迪注射液联合化疗对卵巢癌治疗效果显著,能有效降低血清HE4、CA125、CA19-9、AFP、CEA水平并改善患者免疫功能。     

非小细胞肺癌患者化疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者细胞化疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及其意义.方法:采用流式细胞术检测NSCLC患者及健康对照者外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+及NK细胞的比例.结果:与对照组比较,NSCLC患者化疗前及化疗后CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞含量均显著降低(P＜0.01);化疗后CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞比例与化疗前比较均显著升高(P＜0.05);化疗前后CD8+细胞比例无显著变化(P＞0.05).治疗后疾病控制组(DCR)患者的CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+及NK细胞均显著高于治疗后进展(PD)组患者组(P＜0.05);CD8+细胞的比例无显著性变化(P＞0.05).结论:NSCLC患者细胞免疫功能低下,通过流式细胞术检测患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞的变化对评估患者的细胞免疫功能及肿瘤化疗疗效具有重要的临床意义.     

黄瓜香联合顺铂治疗小鼠H22肝癌的研究

目的 观察黄瓜香联合顺铂对小鼠H22肝癌移植瘤生长的抑制作用.方法 将40只接种H22肝癌细胞的昆明小鼠随机分为4组,其腹腔分别注射生理盐水(对照组);黄瓜香组;顺铂组;黄瓜香+顺铂组(联合治疗组),观察小鼠的毒副反应及生存质量.实验19 d后,处死全部小鼠,剥离皮下肿瘤,称小鼠肿瘤重量,计算抑瘤率.结果 黄瓜香组的H22肝癌平均瘤重为(1.26 ±0.19)g,明显低于对照组的(1.89 ±0.56)g(P ＜0.01).联合治疗组的平均瘤重为(0.57 ±0.42)g,均明显低于黄瓜香组(P＜0.01)和顺铂组(P＜0.01);其抑瘤率达69.8％,明显高于黄瓜香组(x2=16.9875,P＜0.01)和顺铂组(x2=5.0602,P＜0.05).联合治疗组小鼠的毒副反应明显低于顺铂组,生存质量好于顺铂组;黄瓜香组与联合治疗组都能调节肠道菌群,扶植肠道中有益菌(乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌)生长,抑制大肠埃希菌生长,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 黄瓜香与顺铂合用对小鼠H22肝癌移植瘤的生长具有协同抑制作用,能降低顺铂毒副反应,提高小鼠的生存质量.     

姑息性中医辨证治疗98 例原发性肝癌临床疗效观察

目的:观察中医姑息治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效.方法:选取98例晚期原发性肝癌的确诊患者,随机分为两组,中医姑息治疗组患者予以中医辨证分型治疗,介入治疗组患者予以化疗药介入治疗.结果:临床症状改善方面,中医姑息治疗组肝区疼痛改善率为69.6％、疲乏无力改善率为65.9％、食欲不振改善率为59.5％,与介入治疗组比较差异性显著(P＜0.05).在近期治疗效果及患者生存率方面,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:运用中医姑息治疗原发性肝癌可在确保疗效的同时有效地缓解临床症状,从而有利于为患者赢得较高的生存质量.     

索拉非尼联合化疗栓塞治疗晚期原发性肝癌的疗效分析

目的:原发性肝癌(Primary hepatocellular carcinoma,PHC)是最常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁人类的健康。目前,治疗晚期肝癌的首选方法是肝动脉化疗栓塞(Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE),配合抗癌药物使用,治疗效果明显。索拉非尼因具有抑制肿瘤生长的作用而被越来越广泛的用于治疗肝癌。本研究针对索拉非尼的靶向性,探讨该药与化疗栓塞联合治疗晚期原发性肝癌的疗效,旨在为肝癌的临床治疗提供可参考的依据。方法:选取我院2008年10月-2012年6月收治的晚期原发性肝癌患者96例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各48例。对照组患者采用肝动脉化疗栓塞单独治疗,观察组患者采用索拉非尼联合化疗栓塞治疗。比较两组患者的客观有效率、临床获益率、治疗一年生存率、两年以上生存率及甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平的变化情况。结果:观察组患者的客观有效率为52.1%,临床获益率为89.6%,均高于对照组患者的对应值33.3%和47.9%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者一年生存率为89.6%,两年生存率为72.9%,均高于对照组患者的对应值58.3%和35.4%,差异显著(P0.05);两组患者治疗后的AFP水平均比治疗前降低,观察组患者AFP水平的改善情况显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:索拉非尼联合化疗栓塞治疗晚期原发性肝癌具有明显的效果,且安全性高,值得临床推广使用。     

生物素标记寡核苷酸探针检测B群轮状病毒

用５′端接氨基标记法,用生物素对Ｂ群轮状病毒（ＧＢＲＶ）ＩＤＩＲ株具有群特异性的３片段基因上２３ｂｐ寡核苷酸序列进行标记,经高效薄层层析板（ＨＰＴＬＣ）纯化,制备了Ｂ群轮状病毒生物素寡核苷酸探针,探针显色灵敏度达１０Ｐｇ,与ＧＢＲＶ、ＫＢ６３株基因杂交可检测到１００ｐｇ靶序列,而与Ａ群和Ｃ群轮状病毒及无关基因均不产生杂交信号,该探针可用于Ｂ群轮状病毒的检测、鉴定,以及同群不同毒株间基因相关性研究。     

Mind-altering with the gut: Modulation of the gut-brain axis with probiotics

It is increasingly evident that bidirectional interactions exist among the gastrointestinal tract, the enteric nervous system, and the central nervous system. Recent preclinical and clinical trials have shown that gut microbiota plays an important role in these gut-brain interactions. Furthermore, alterations in gut microbiota composition may be associated with pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, including stress, autism, depression, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, the concepts of the microbiota-gut-brain axis is emerging. Here, we review the role of gut microbiota in bidirectional interactions between the gut and the brain, including neural, immune-mediated, and metabolic mechanisms. We highlight recent advances in the understanding of probiotic modulation of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders via the gut-brain axis.     

Microorganisms associated with the retting of flax treated with the herbicide glyphosate

Greater numbers of fungi were isolated from stems of flax following treatment with the herbicide glyphosate than from untreated stems although there was also a general increase in numbers with time. The fungal genera isolated were the same from both treated and untreated plants, the most common being Cladosporium, Aureobasidium, Epicoccum and Botrytis with Cladosporium being predominant. Populations of bacteria were generally not enhanced after glyphosate treatment. Partial dew-retting of crops resulted in the reduction in numbers of Cladosporium compared with conventionally-treated flax. The increase in numbers of fungi was associated with an increase in retting. Overretting also occurred, particularly in discrete pale areas on the stem. These were associated with colonisation by Botrytis cinerea and the tensile strength of fibres from these areas was 15 times weaker than from surrounding darker areas of the stem. Light microscopy showed death of cells after glyphosate application, followed by invasion and degradation of the epidermis and cortex by fungi and other microorganisms. Fibre bundles were partially dissociated but the individual fibres remained largely intact as did the xylem and medulla.     

Regeneration of the acorn worm pygochord with the implication for its convergent evolution with the notochord

The origin of the notochord is a central issue in chordate evolution. This study examined the development of the acorn worm pygochord, a putative homologue of the notochord. Because the pygochord differentiates only after metamorphosis, the developmental was followed process by inducing regeneration after artificial amputation in Ptychodera flava. It was found that although the regeneration of the posterior part of the body did not proceed via formation of an obvious regeneration bud, pygochord regeneration was observed within a few weeks, possibly via trans-differentiation of endoderm cells. The expression of the fibrillary collagen gene (Fcol) and elav in the pygochord during regeneration was detected. This indicates that pygochord cells are not part of gut epithelial cells, but that they differentiated as a distinct cell type. Our gene expression analyses do not provide supporting evidence for the homology between the pygochord and notochord, but rather favored the convergent evolution between them.     

Hunting with Polar Bears: Problems with the Passive Properties of the Commons

Inuit in Canada’s Arctic conceptualize both human hunters and their polar bear prey as active participants in the hunt and as part of a larger socio-economic system requiring the involvement of both humans and animals. Although often treated through the lens of common-pool resource theory, the Inuit viewpoint conflicts with Western wildlife management systems that typically treat animals, and nature in general, as passive. When polar bears are understood as active participants in the hunt, the rights associated with common property regimes and assumptions about collective-choice decisions in common-pool resource management require significant revision. In this paper we argue that common-pool resource theories which assume natural resources are inherently passive cannot adequately account for the system of active relationships operating among Inuit in Arctic Canada. The co-management system of Nunavut Territory, Canada, uses a flexible quota approach, which, while following conservation guidelines, allows some space for the traditional Inuit-polar bear system to operate. This example shows how common-pool resources may be managed sustainably without the attendant assumption that natural resources exist passively outside of common-pool resource regimes.