脊髓薄片器官型培养的方法研究(简报)

脊髓的器官培养技术是借助体外培养技术,将脊髓或其一部分分离出来进行培养、研究的技术。因其保留有脊髓神经元及其周围的组织结构,与体内的生理环境相似,是探讨脊髓形态发生、构筑特点、生理功能及病理改变等问题的一条重要途径,在近年来得到飞速发展,成为国际神经科领域的一大研究热点。本文旨在利用脊髓薄片器官型培养技术建立能在体外长期存活的稳定的脊髓培养模型,为进一步的基础和临床研究提供新的实验方法。与此项技术有关的研究国内尚未见报道。     

脊髓薄片器官型培养的方法研究（简报）

脊髓的器官培养技术是借助体外培养技术,将脊髓或其一部分分离出来进行培养、研究的技术。因其保留有脊髓神经元及其周围的组织结构,与体内的生理环境相似,是探讨脊髓形态发生、构筑特点、生理功能及病理改变等问题的一条重要途径,在近年来得到飞速发展,成为国际神经科领域的一大研究热点。本文旨在利用脊髓薄片器官型培养技     

器官型培养的脊髓与体内脊髓的对比

旨在观察体外器官型培养的脊髓薄片是否与同龄大鼠体内生长的脊髓具有相似的形态和恒定的前角a运动神经元数目,建立能模拟体内生长环境的稳定的脊髓器官培养模型。利用出生后8天乳鼠的腰段脊髓组织切片建立脊髓器官型培养模型,用神经元的特异性免疫组化染色SMI-32对脊髓前角a运动神经元加以鉴定并与同龄大鼠体内生长的脊髓做比较。结果发现脊髓体外生长良好,形态完整,a运动神经元数目恒定,与同龄大鼠比较无显著差异,并可长期存活达2个月。脊髓的器官培养技术为研究脊髓生理、病理改变及神经保护提供了有效的方法。     

肌萎缩侧索硬化脊髓器官型培养模型的建立

利用谷氨酸转运体抑制剂苏—羟天冬氨酸(THA)制备选择性运动神经元凋亡的肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALs)脊髓器官型培养模型。取出生后8天乳鼠腰段脊髓组织切成脊髓薄片,在培养液中分别加入不同浓度THA,用SMI—32免疫组化染色对脊髓腹角α运动神经元进行鉴定,calretinin免疫组化染色对背角中间神经元进行鉴定,测定培养液中谷氨酸(Glu)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量,并与对照组比较。结果显示对照组α运动神经元数目恒定;THA引起培养液中剂量依赖性Glu、LDH含量增高和SMI—32阳性的α运动神经元数目减少,脊髓背角的中间神经元损伤相对较轻;100μmol／L THA组在体外培养4周后,细胞外Glu含量增高,SMI—32阳性的α运动神经元数目较对照组明显减少,背角的中间神经元数目无显著变化,可以制成ALS脊髓器官型培养模型。     

小鼠小肠类器官体外培养体系的建立与应用

目的建立一种研究肠上皮细胞的体外模型—小肠类器官培养体系,探索其相关病理检测技术方法,为肠道相关疾病的体外研究提供便利平台。方法将小鼠肠上皮隐窝分离并培养成小肠类器官,体外模拟肠上皮的生长发育过程。通过制作石蜡切片,探索应用免疫组化技术以及基于基质胶中类器官三维水平免疫荧光技术对相应的增殖与分化信号进行检测。结果探索并建立了小肠类器官体外培养体系,应用石蜡切片免疫组化技术与三维水平免疫荧光技术能够准确检测小肠上皮结构的生长发育状态。结论小肠类器官体外培养体系的建立与免疫检测技术的应用,将逐渐使其成为人们研究肠道相关疾病最为有利的技术手段。     

类器官芯片

类器官芯片是一种新兴前沿交叉技术,它通过整合类器官与器官芯片,可在体外构筑具有高度生理关联性的器官模型系统,在组织器官发育、疾病研究、药物筛选和再生医学等领域具有重要的应用潜力.本文概述了类器官芯片的产生、技术特点及研究进展,并对其未来发展和面临的挑战进行了展望.     

免疫磁珠法分离纯化胚胎大鼠脊髓源运动神经元的方法探讨

目的探讨应用免疫磁珠法分选脊髓源性运动神经元的实验条件,为研究运动神经元的特性,培养和移植创造有利条件。方法取孕16天胚胎大鼠的脊髓腹侧组织,制备成单细胞悬液,应用免疫磁珠分选系统,在无血清限定性培养基条件下获得相对纯化的运动神经元。应用运动神经元特异的胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT）抗体对培养细胞进行免疫细胞化学鉴定。结果分离纯化的细胞在体外可以存活,经免疫荧光检测,ChAT阳性率可达95%。结论本实验提供了一种有效的纯化脊髓运动神经元的方法,纯化所得的运动神经元可用于进一步的运动神经元的后续实验研究。     

离体哺乳类动物脊髓薄片的细胞内生物电记录及其在中枢递质研究中的应用

离体哺乳类动物脑、脊髓薄片的细胞内生物电记录是近年来发展起来的新实验技术,已引起越来越多学者的关注。本文乃根据我们自身工作的体会并参考近期文献,对离体哺乳类动物脊髓薄片的细胞内生物电记录的有关问题作一简要介绍,以期引起更深入的探讨。     

骨类器官的构建及应用进展

骨骼疾病如骨质疏松、骨关节炎等已成为重要的人类健康问题,需要更深入地了解相关疾病的发病机制并开发更有效的治疗方法。由于2D细胞培养和动物实验等常规研究方法的局限性,近年来发展的类器官技术受到了极大关注。类器官作为干细胞衍生的自组织3D细胞簇,可以在体外更真实地模拟组织器官的复杂结构和生物功能。目前间充质干细胞、多能干细胞等衍生的骨类器官已逐步建立,不仅为疾病建模、药物筛选和生理病理基础研究提供了良好平台,还有望为骨缺损修复带来新希望。现对不同骨类器官模型的构建及主要应用进行概述,同时讨论了骨类器官培养面临的挑战,并对其未来发展进行展望,为构建结构功能更完善的骨类器官并将其应用于生物医学研究提供参考。     

小鼠胚胎干细胞体外发育分化模型

胚胎干细胞 (Embryonicstemcell ,EScell)是多潜能性细胞 ,它在体外既可维持不分化而无限增殖 ,又能参与胚胎发育分化为各种类型细胞和组织而形成器官 ;小鼠ES细胞可供的数量大、在体外培养条件可进行精确调控、实验比较经济加上现代基因及其他生物操作等技术 ,因此小鼠ES细胞体外发育分化系统被广泛地作为模型系统加以利用。小鼠ES细胞体外发育分化研究为推动其他哺乳类动物以及人的ES细胞研究 ,从而将更好地进行细胞、组织工程实验为人类细胞组织和基因治疗服务创造了有利条件。本文将ES细胞体外发育分化情况加以概述 ,以便更好地开展ES细胞体外研究     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.