彩色多普勒超声诊断乳腺良恶性肿块临床价值分析

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声鉴别诊断乳腺肿瘤的价值。方法:选取2012年1月至2013年1月在我院接受彩色多普勒诊断的100例乳腺肿瘤患者,对患者进行回顾性分析,依据患者病理类型将患者分为两组,分别对两组患者实施二维声像图检查。结果:100例乳腺肿瘤患者诊断准确率为77.0%(77/100)。54例乳腺癌患者病灶内部以及病灶周边进行血流信号检出率为100%,纤维腺瘤组46例患者血流信号检出率为87.0%,两组患者血流信号检出率(P>0.05)无统计学意义。结论:彩色多普勒超声作为一种无创性检查方法对于乳腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断具有广阔的应用前景。     

彩超联合钼靶在未扪及肿块乳腺癌诊断中的应用分析

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶在未扪及肿块乳腺癌中的临床诊断价值。方法:选取我院乳腺科收治的未扪及肿块乳腺癌患者92例,回顾性分析92例患者术前彩色多普勒超声和钼靶检查结果与手术病理相印证,对比不同的检查方法与病理诊断结果的符合率。结果:单纯彩色多普勒超声检查与单纯钼靶机检查诊断准确率无明显差异(P0.05),而彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶机检查诊断准确率明显高于单纯彩色多普勒超声检查诊断准确率和单纯钼靶机检查诊断准确率,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶能够明显提高未扪及肿块乳腺癌诊断的准确率,对临床具有指导意义,值得临床推广。     

超声检查在乳腺癌诊断中价值的探讨

目的:探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声在乳腺癌诊断方面的临床应用价值。方法:对60例经手术病理证实的乳腺肿块病例的二维及彩色多普勒超声检查与病理结果进行回顾性分析。结果:乳腺癌诊断中,大多数恶性肿块表现为形态不规则、边缘粗糙、边界不清、内部回声不均匀、后方回声衰减。恶性肿块的血流显示率明显高,血流分布以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级为主。结论:二维声像图及彩色多普勒在乳腺癌诊断方面有较高的临床应用价值。由于良恶性肿物的影像互有交叉,其诊断符合率并非是100%。须两者联合应用,综合分析,方可提高超声对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断符合率。     

超声联合钼靶X线对直径小于1 cm的乳腺癌诊断价值分析

目的:探讨超声联合钼靶X线对直径小于1 cm的乳腺癌诊断价值。方法:选择我院2012年1月至2017年12月收治的66例乳腺疾病患者,所有患者术前均经钼靶X线及彩色多普勒超声检查,分析其病理结果,分析钼靶X线、彩色多普勒超声及二者联合对乳腺肿块的检查结果(边缘毛刺征、血管、淋巴结、微小钙化),比较其对乳腺癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果:66例患者中,经病理检查发现恶性肿瘤34例,良性肿瘤32例。与病理检测相比,彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X线对乳腺肿块的良恶性检出率无差异性(P0.05),而彩色多普勒超声,钼靶X线的良恶性检出率均显著降低(P0.05)。彩色多普勒超声与钼靶X线良恶性检出率对比无差异(P0.05),但均低于彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X线的检出率(P0.05)。彩色多普勒超声与钼靶X线对乳腺癌的边缘毛刺征的检出率对比无统计学意义(P0.05);彩色多普勒超声对血管和淋巴结的检出率明显高于钼靶X线,而微小钙化的检出率明显低于钼靶X线,对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X线的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显高于彩色多普勒超声及钼靶X线(P0.05),钼靶X线及彩色多普勒超声间对比无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声与钼靶X线对直径小于1 cm乳腺癌的诊断各有优势,二者联合应用的诊断价值优于单一诊断方法。     

超声检查在乳腺癌诊断中价值的探讨

目的：探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声在乳腺癌诊断方面的临床应用价值。方法：对60例经手术病理证实的乳腺肿块病例的二维及彩色多普勒超声检查与病理结果进行回顾性分析。结果：乳腺癌诊断中,大多数恶性肿块表现为形态不规则、边缘粗糙、边界不清、内部回声不均匀、后方回声衰减。恶性肿块的血流显示率明显高,血流分布以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级为主。结论：二维声像图及彩色多普勒在乳腺癌诊断方面有较高的临床应用价值。由于良恶性肿物的影像互有交叉,其诊断符合率并非是100%。须两者联合应用,综合分析,方可提高超声对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断符合率。     

彩色多普勒超声检查在妇科肿瘤诊断中的准确性研究

目的:分析彩色多普勒超声检查在妇科良恶性肿瘤诊断方面的准确性,探讨其临床应用价值.方法:选取在我院经手术病理确诊的妇科肿瘤患者99例作为研究对象,其中恶性肿瘤组42例,良性肿瘤组57例;对两组患者术前CT和彩色B超检查结果进行回顾统计,分析彩超诊断妇科肿瘤的准确性.结果:彩色B超诊断的灵敏度为82.8％,CT诊断的灵敏度90.9％,组间差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05;彩超诊断的特异度为88.2％,CT诊断的特异度86.9％,组间差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05;CT与病理诊断的符合率为89.3％,彩色B超与病理诊断符合率为85.7％,组间差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论:彩色多普勒超声对妇科良恶性肿瘤病变的诊断准确性高,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声在成人异常子宫出血中的应用价值

目的探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声在成人异常子宫出血(AUB)中的应用价值。方法选择2010年6月~2013年10月因不规则阴道流血、经期出血量过多或月经后出血到我院就诊行经阴道超声检查的患者300例,对发现异常的187例患者进行分析总结。结果子宫内膜增生72例,子宫内膜息肉25例,宫颈管息肉9例,黏膜下肌瘤34例,子宫内膜癌5例,子宫瘢痕憩室13例,子宫腺肌症23例,宫内节育器异常6例。经阴道彩色多普勒超声在成人异常子宫出血中诊断宫腔内病变与病理诊断符合率达70.71%。结论经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查,对成人AUB具有较高的诊断率和实用价值。     

胆囊结石患者超声诊断结果漏诊及误诊分析

目的:探讨我院胆囊结石患者超声诊断漏诊、误诊的超声诊断结果,并分析出现漏诊、误诊的原因。方法:选取我院肝胆外科经彩色多普勒超声诊断确诊并实施手术治疗的胆囊结石患者260例,结合临床资料分析患者彩色多普勒超声图的特点,并在术后一周进行随访,对彩色多普勒超声诊断的漏诊率及误诊率并分析原因。结果:1、胆囊结石分型:典型胆囊结石167例(64.3%)、充满型胆囊结石50例(19.2%)、多发性胆囊结石28例(10.8%)、泥沙样胆囊结石10例(3.8%),另外5例患者属非胆囊结石(1.9%);2、彩色多普勒超声确诊的260例胆囊结石患者经手术病理证实其中255例为胆囊结石,5例为非胆囊结石(2例为误诊,3例为漏诊),超声诊断的准确率98.1%。误诊、漏诊的发生与病灶部位、患者肥胖程度、仪器操作及医师经验等因素有关。结论:虽然彩色多普勒超声对胆囊结石的诊断率较高,但仍需完善,以减少或避免临床误诊和漏诊的发生。     

X线钼靶摄影和彩超诊断早期乳腺癌比较研究

目的:探讨X线钼靶摄片和彩色多普勒超声对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的76例直径＜1cm较早期乳腺癌的影像学表现,比较两种检查方法的诊断准确性.结果:X线钼靶摄片和彩色多普勒超对早期乳腺癌的诊断符合率分别为92.7%和80.01%,对＞40岁的早期乳腺癌患者的诊断符合率分别为97.1%和75.9%.检出率X线钼靶摄影均明显高于彩超,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:钼靶X线撮片和超声都是乳腺疾病最常用的诊断方法,乳腺钼靶摄片对早期乳腺癌的检出率更高,尤其适合于对40岁以上女性的诊断.     

高频彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺结节的临床诊断价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺结节的临床诊断价值。方法:在我院经手术病理确诊的甲状腺结节患者142例中,使用彩色多普勒超声进行检查,记录结节的单多发类型、有无边界、有无声晕、内部回声、有无钙化和血流分布情况。结果:142例甲状腺结节患者中,有96例良性,46例恶性。超声诊断结果与病理结果比较,其准确性、灵敏度、特异度分别为81.69%、91.67%和79.66%。结论:甲状腺结节使用彩色多普勒超声检查,能获得很高的确诊率。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.