超声引导下股动脉假性动脉瘤内凝血酶注射加加压治疗的应用价值

目的:评价超声引导下股动脉假性动脉瘤瘤腔内注射凝血酶加加压治疗在治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤中的应用价值。方法:在彩色多普勒超声引导下,采用20 G穿刺针经皮穿刺,对30例经股动脉介入治疗术后形成的股动脉假性动脉瘤患者行瘤腔内注射凝血酶封闭治疗同时行加压压迫治疗,凝血酶浓度为200 U/ml,总量均≤500 U,压迫治疗力量以病人能耐受,足背动脉搏动可触及为标准,加压时间为24小时。结果:30例患者均1次治疗成功,术中及术后无并发症发生,术后随访3个月无复发。结论:超声引导下股动脉假性动脉瘤瘤腔内注射凝血酶加加压治疗在治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤中具有创伤小,操作简便,疗效确切的优点,可作为经股动脉介入治疗术后形成的假性动脉瘤的首选治疗方法。     

股动脉假性动脉瘤形成并破裂出血的院前急救

目的 探讨股动脉假性动脉瘤形成并破裂出血的院前急救措施.方法 回顾性分析16例股动脉假性动脉瘤形成并破裂出血患者的院前救治,如现场加压包扎止血、快速补充血容量、安全转运、与院内急救无缝衔接及个人防护等.结果 16例患者均经静脉吸毒,其中明确HIV感染11例,除2例现场抢救无效死亡外,余14例均能有效止血,血压回升,及时、安全转送到外科病房,其中5例患者直接进行手术治疗,14例患者均好转出院;医务人员无职业暴露发生.结论 采取序贯有效的综合处置措施,是对股动脉假性动脉瘤并破裂出血患者院前急救成功的关键;熟练掌握院前急救止血等技术,注重个人职业暴露的防护,能降低职业暴露的风险,最大限度地保证医患双方安全.     

超声引导下股动脉假性动脉瘤内凝血酶注射加加压治疗的应用价值

目的：评价超声引导下股动脉假性动脉瘤瘤腔内注射凝血酶加加压治疗在治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤中的应用价值。方法：在彩色多普勒超声引导下,采用20 G穿刺针经皮穿刺,对30例经股动脉介入治疗术后形成的股动脉假性动脉瘤患者行瘤腔内注射凝血酶封闭治疗同时行加压压迫治疗,凝血酶浓度为200 U/ml,总量均≤500 U,压迫治疗力量以病人能耐受,足背动脉搏动可触及为标准,加压时间为24小时。结果：30例患者均1次治疗成功,术中及术后无并发症发生,术后随访3个月无复发。结论：超声引导下股动脉假性动脉瘤瘤腔内注射凝血酶加加压治疗在治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤中具有创伤小,操作简便,疗效确切的优点,可作为经股动脉介入治疗术后形成的假性动脉瘤的首选治疗方法。     

超声引导下注射凝血酶治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的临床观察

目的:评价超声引导下注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤的安全性和疗效.方法:选择2011年5月至2012年10月在我院行冠状动脉介入治疗术后出现股动脉假性动脉瘤的患者共13例,其中男性5例,女性8例,年龄平均70.2± 5.6岁.所有患者均植入冠状动脉支架,术后1-3天经彩色超声明确诊断为股动脉假性动脉瘤,首先采用压迫法治疗无效,在超声实时引导下,利用穿刺架精确定位,18G PTC针穿刺假性动脉瘤,瘤体内分次注射凝血酶100-400IU的方法治疗.结果:13例患者利用凝血酶注射封堵法均成功治愈股动脉假性动脉瘤,其中8例注射1次成功,另外5例注射2次成功,未发生过敏、血栓形成、感染及出血等并发症.次日及出院前复查超声无复发病例,随访3个月至1年未再复发.结论:超声引导下注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤具有微创、快速、经济、安全、疗效确切、复发率低的优点,值得临床进一步研究和推广.     

股骨粗隆骨折闭合复位PFNA内固定术的手术配合

目的探讨股骨粗隆骨折闭合复位PFNA内固定术的手术配合方法。方法对22例股骨粗隆骨折行闭合复位PFNA固定术患者完善术前准备工作,术中使用牵引床时注意预防各种并发症发生,熟悉手术步骤,密切配合医生进行手术。结果 22例患者手术均顺利完成,无并发症发生。结论规范的术中护理与严谨的手术配合是手术成功的重要保障。     

经肱动脉途径冠状动脉介入治疗并发症的预防及处理

目的:评价130例次经肱动脉途径冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI术)局部并发症情况.方法:连续入选2009年3月至2011年12月我院经肱动脉途径冠状动脉PCI术的病例130例次.分析经肱动脉介入治疗操作并发症情况.结果:共24例患者发生了局部并发症,并发症发生率为18.5％.其中穿刺局部发生血肿22例(16.9％),其中1例合并骨筋膜室综合征及正中神经损伤(0.8％),局部神经损伤1例(0.8％),假性动脉瘤1例(0.8％).经处理后血肿全部吸收,最后仍有1例正中神经损伤和1例假性动脉瘤未能完全康复.结论:经肱动脉途径冠状动脉PCI术并发症发生率较高,熟悉肱动脉穿刺方法、掌握标准的压迫止血包扎方案、术后肢体夹板制动、并对其并发症有足够的认识和处理对策的充分准备可以减少并发症及其不良后果的发生.     

颅内动脉瘤手术的麻醉处理

目的:对40例颅内动脉瘤手术的麻醉处理进行回顾.方法:诱导插管后施行丙泊酚和异氟醚静吸复合全麻,术中应用压宁定、尼莫地平或异氟醚施行控制性降压,用Ohmedar麻醉机施行控制呼吸.结果:诱导后HR和MAP有显著性降低,但在正常范围内;维持期MAP略有下降,但MAP平均值仍维持在(13.8±1.50)kPa,其他指标SpO2、PETCO2、ECG等均无大变化.结论:颅内动脉瘤夹闭术的麻醉诱导及维持要求平顺稳定,术中需施行控制性降压以避免脑动脉瘤破裂并减少出血.     

彩色双功能超声在诊断肢体假性动脉瘤中应用价值(附16例分析)

目的评价彩色双功能超声在检查创伤性肢体假性动脉瘤中的诊断价值。方法利用高频线阵探头对16例(17个)肢体假性动脉瘤患者进行检查,并与血管造影进行对比分析。结果16例肢体假性动脉瘤首先经超声检查诊断,所有病例假性动脉瘤体内均有红蓝相间的“来和去”特征性彩色血流图像,6例行血管造影检查,结果与超声诊断完全相符。诊断符合率为100%。11例手术切除,其中10例与超声检查结果相符,1例合并桡动脉漏超声未能检出。超声诊断符合率为92%。结论彩色多普勒超声诊断创伤性肢体假性动脉瘤在临床上具有重要的诊断价值。     

36 例急性Stanford A 型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的外科治疗体会

目的:总结急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的外科治疗体会。方法:选择36例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者,根据病变夹层破口的位置、累及范围、有无合并主动瓣关闭不全选择相应的手术方式,观察患者治疗后的临床疗效并随访治疗6个月后的临床预后。结果:3例患者术中死亡,术中死亡率为8.3%,平均手术时间156.7±56.7min,平均阻断时间98.5±32.7min,平均选择性脑灌注时间56.1±20.7min,术后平均ICU住院时间6.2±3.8d,术后平均总计住院时间25.4±7.3d;术后6个月后随访,3例患者死亡,其余30例患者恢复满意,生活质量与治疗前相比,均得到显著提高。结论:急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者应积极施行早期外科治疗,术前快速准确诊断,根据患者病情制定相应的手术方案,术后采取措施避免术后并发症。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的治疗进展与探讨

颅内动脉瘤破裂导致的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血是一种致残率以及病死率都非常高的一种疾病,其中动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血Hunt-Hess和世界神经外科医师联盟Ⅳ、V级的患者为高分级颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血,这部分患者,无论采取何种治疗方案,预后仍较差。目前对高分级动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的治疗仍处于探索阶段,并没有形成统一的临床治疗指导规范或临床路径,其中是在采取保守治疗或者手术治疗的问题上存在较大争议,而在选择手术治疗时又存在手术时机的问题,并且随着显微颅内动脉瘤夹闭术的成熟以及颅内动脉瘤的血管内治疗材料和技术的迅速发展及治疗经验的积累,对于患者采取何种手术方式已成为近年来的争议热点,所以如何对这部分患者实施积极有效的治疗而改善其预后,已成为目前神经外科医生必须要解决的焦点问题。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.