超声联合钼靶X线对直径小于1 cm的乳腺癌诊断价值分析

目的:探讨超声联合钼靶X线对直径小于1 cm的乳腺癌诊断价值。方法:选择我院2012年1月至2017年12月收治的66例乳腺疾病患者,所有患者术前均经钼靶X线及彩色多普勒超声检查,分析其病理结果,分析钼靶X线、彩色多普勒超声及二者联合对乳腺肿块的检查结果(边缘毛刺征、血管、淋巴结、微小钙化),比较其对乳腺癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果:66例患者中,经病理检查发现恶性肿瘤34例,良性肿瘤32例。与病理检测相比,彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X线对乳腺肿块的良恶性检出率无差异性(P0.05),而彩色多普勒超声,钼靶X线的良恶性检出率均显著降低(P0.05)。彩色多普勒超声与钼靶X线良恶性检出率对比无差异(P0.05),但均低于彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X线的检出率(P0.05)。彩色多普勒超声与钼靶X线对乳腺癌的边缘毛刺征的检出率对比无统计学意义(P0.05);彩色多普勒超声对血管和淋巴结的检出率明显高于钼靶X线,而微小钙化的检出率明显低于钼靶X线,对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X线的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显高于彩色多普勒超声及钼靶X线(P0.05),钼靶X线及彩色多普勒超声间对比无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声与钼靶X线对直径小于1 cm乳腺癌的诊断各有优势,二者联合应用的诊断价值优于单一诊断方法。     

B超与病理检查在卵巢肿瘤诊断中临床应用比较

目的:比较B超与病理检查在卵巢肿瘤诊断中临床应用。方法:选择2009年-2013年经手术后病理证实的卵巢肿瘤患者60例,所有患者均经B超与病理学检查,1以病理学检查结果为金标准分析B超诊断卵巢肿瘤的准确性、特异性和敏感性;2分析良恶性肿瘤声像图特征。结果:160例患者经术后病理学检查,恶性肿瘤24例,良性肿瘤36例,B超诊断卵巢肿瘤敏感性为87.5%,特异度为94.44%,准确性为91.67%,与病理检查比较差异,无统计学意义(P0.05);236例良性肿瘤囊性回声23例,混合性回声5例,实性回声8例,包膜回声完整31例,后方回声增强28例,后方回声衰减3例,无腹水病例24例,恶性肿瘤囊性回声1例,混合性回声18例,实性回声5例,包膜回声完整4例,后方回声增强2例,后方回声衰减16例,腹水病例12例,良恶性肿瘤比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:B超对卵巢肿瘤诊断具有较高的特异性、敏感性和准确性,良恶性卵巢肿瘤在B超声像图上有典型表现。     

X线钼靶摄影和彩超诊断早期乳腺癌比较研究

目的:探讨X线钼靶摄片和彩色多普勒超声对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的76例直径＜1cm较早期乳腺癌的影像学表现,比较两种检查方法的诊断准确性.结果:X线钼靶摄片和彩色多普勒超对早期乳腺癌的诊断符合率分别为92.7%和80.01%,对＞40岁的早期乳腺癌患者的诊断符合率分别为97.1%和75.9%.检出率X线钼靶摄影均明显高于彩超,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:钼靶X线撮片和超声都是乳腺疾病最常用的诊断方法,乳腺钼靶摄片对早期乳腺癌的检出率更高,尤其适合于对40岁以上女性的诊断.     

阴道彩色多普勒对妇科盆腔肿瘤闭孔淋巴转移的诊断

目的:探究经阴道彩色多普勒超声对妇科盆腔肿瘤闭孔淋巴转移的诊断价值。方法:选择2013年1月至2014年12月到我院进行子宫切除联合盆腔淋巴清扫术的妇科盆腔肿瘤患者86例作为研究对象,按照手术的先后顺序将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组43例。观察组患者采用经阴道彩色多普勒超声对患者闭孔淋巴结是否转移进行检查,对照组采用B超对患者闭孔淋巴结是否转移进行检查,比较两组患者检查的准确性。结果:观察组患者检查结果中显示,转移的为14例,无转移的为29例,与病理检查结果比较无显著统计学差异(P0.05),对照组患者检查结果中显示,转移的为5例,无转移的为36例,与病理检查结果比较具有显著统计学差异(P0.05),观察组患者检查的正确率为95.3%,而对照组检查的正确率仅为81.4%,两组比较具有显著统计学差异(u=4.0737,P=0.0436),观察组患者检查后的满意率为90.7%,而对照组的满意率为79.1%,两组比较具有显著统计学差异(u=2.7051,P=0.0068)。结论:经阴道彩色多普勒超声对妇科盆腔肿瘤闭孔淋巴转移的诊断准确性高,具有较高的临床参考价值。     

单用超声、CT及联合应用诊断甲状腺肿块的效果分析

目的:探讨超声、CT检查及两者联合应用对甲状腺肿块的诊断,以提高甲状腺肿块的诊断准确率.方法:回顾性搜集213例甲状腺肿块患者的临床、超声资料,及其中的127例患者CT资料,并分析各自的临床、超声和CT表现特点,并将相关的超声、CT与手术病理对照比较.结果:超声、CT在诊断良、恶性肿块在结节数目差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在钙化、包膜侵犯、边界、病灶形态等差异具有显著性(P＜0.05).甲状腺肿块的超声诊断符合率与CT比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);联合诊断符合率明显高于超声、CT单项诊断符合率(P＜0.05).联合诊断肿块的定性能力优于超声、CT单项检查(P＜0.05).结论:超声和CT均能较好的诊断甲状腺肿块病变,两者联合应用,可提高甲状腺肿块的诊断准确率.     

传统二维及彩色多普勒超声对肾细胞癌的诊断运用探究

目的:探讨和分析传统二维及彩色多普勒超声在诊断肾细胞癌中的价值.方法:对我院2008-2011年收治的40例手术病理证实为肾细胞癌的肾脏肿瘤患者的二维和彩色多普勒超声的检查诊断结果进行回顾性分析,并与CT检查结果相比较.结果:对患者的超声和CT检查结果与术后病理诊断进行对比,超声诊断率82.5％,CT诊断率92.5％,两种检查诊断率相比无显著差异(x2=2.9,P＞0.05).其中,彩色多普勒超声表现为抱球型和丰富血流型的肾癌,术前均定性诊断正确(29/29).对于星点型的肾脏肿瘤,诊断符合率较高(4/6).对于少血流型肿瘤,超声无法作出正确的定性诊断(0/5).结论:传统二维及彩色多普勒超声在诊断肾细胞癌中具有很高价值,可以作为早期筛查的检查方法,尤其是血供丰富的肾癌,其对小肾癌也有较高的诊断率.     

超声造影在乳腺恶性病变的应用研究

目的:评价超声造影在乳腺癌恶性病变中的诊断价值。方法:以影像科接收B超声或X线影像诊断肿块较小(2.0cm)42例乳腺癌高度疑似患者作为研究对象,分析超声造影结果,并与彩色多普勒超声诊断进行对比。结果:病灶52个,其中恶性43个,浸润性导管癌34个、导管原位癌8个、浸润性小叶癌1个;超声造影诊断敏感度93.02%、特异度66.67、准确率88.46%,彩色多普勒超声敏感度79.07%、特异度55.57%、准确率75.00%;良恶性造影灌注增强特征差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),恶性病灶快进快出28例、不均匀增强31例与均匀增强10例。结论:超声造影筛查、诊断乳腺恶性病变符合率较好,质量易控,通过获得造影模式、灌注增强特征,定性诊断准确率较高,也不易受肿瘤大小、深度影响。     

彩超联合钼靶在未扪及肿块乳腺癌诊断中的应用分析

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶在未扪及肿块乳腺癌中的临床诊断价值。方法:选取我院乳腺科收治的未扪及肿块乳腺癌患者92例,回顾性分析92例患者术前彩色多普勒超声和钼靶检查结果与手术病理相印证,对比不同的检查方法与病理诊断结果的符合率。结果:单纯彩色多普勒超声检查与单纯钼靶机检查诊断准确率无明显差异(P0.05),而彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶机检查诊断准确率明显高于单纯彩色多普勒超声检查诊断准确率和单纯钼靶机检查诊断准确率,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶能够明显提高未扪及肿块乳腺癌诊断的准确率,对临床具有指导意义,值得临床推广。     

彩色多普勒超声结合血清CA153、MUC1、GDF3对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值研究

摘要 目的：分析彩色多普勒超声结合血清糖类抗原153（CA153）、黏蛋白1（MUC1）、人生长分化因子3（GDF3）对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法：选取2019年1月至2022年10月我院收治的105例乳腺癌患者（乳腺癌组）。另选取我院同期收治的乳腺良性疾病患者94例（良性组）及体检健康女性91例（对照组）。三组均进行彩色多普勒超声和CA153、MUC1、GDF3水平检查,并以临床病理诊断为金标准,分析彩色多普勒超声、血清CA153、MUC1、GDF3单独及联合对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值。结果：对照组超声双侧乳腺的轮廓清晰,未见明显的增厚,腺体结构未见明显异常改变,回声均匀。乳腺癌组纵横比≥1、血流分级II-III级、肿瘤形态不规则、后方回声衰减、边界模糊、有微小钙化、有毛刺征所占比例高于良性组（P＜0.05）。乳腺癌组血清CA153、MUC1、GDF3水平均高于对照组和良性组（P<0.05）,且良性组高于对照组（P<0.05）。乳腺癌组血清CA153、MUC1、GDF3和彩色多普勒超声及4项联合检测阳性率明显高于良性组和对照组（P＜0.05）,良性组和对照组CA153、MUC1、GDF3及4项联合检测阳性率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而良性组彩色多普勒超声检出阳性率高于对照组（P＜0.05）。3项血清标志物中CA153的灵敏度、特异度、准确度最高为52.38%、89.73%、76.21%,彩色多普勒超声的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为84.76%、83.24%、83.79%,4项联合的灵敏度、准确度最高为94.28%,88.27%,特异度为84.86%。结论：CA153、MUC1、GDF3在乳腺癌患者中均呈现高水平状态,彩色多普勒超声联合上述3类指标检测可提高对早期乳腺癌的诊断效能。     

US-FNAB 在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨超声引导下甲状腺穿刺活检(US-FNAB)对甲状腺良恶性结节的诊断价值。方法:本研究选取了60例已做过甲状腺结节手术的患者,入院后先行常规超声(US)检查后行超声引导下甲状腺穿刺活检(US-FNAB)通过观察并记录良恶性结节诊断结果:,诊断结果:符合率及诊断结果:符合率与结节大小的关系,评价US-FNAB对甲状腺良恶性结节的诊断价值。结果:常规超声诊断出恶性结节4例,良性结节33例;超声引导下细针穿刺活检诊断出恶性结节8例,良性结节40例。US组中,15例误诊,8例漏诊中,诊断符合率为61.7%。US-FNAB组中,4例误诊,漏诊2例,诊断符合率80.0%。经统计学分析,US-FNAB组诊断符合率明显高于US组(P0.05),US组与US-FNAB组在各结节直径的患者分布上相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组组内各结节直径的患者分布上相比差异也无统计学意义(P0.05)。US-FNAB组中,随着结节直径增大,诊断符合率略有降低。对直径10mm的甲状腺结节诊断率达100%。结论:US-FNBA对甲状腺良恶性结节具有较高的诊断准确性,诊断准确性受结节大小影响较小,对直径较小的甲状腺结节检出率较高。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.