利用RAPD标记评价小豆种质遗传多样性

本研究利用10个RAPD引物对180份小豆种质的基因组DNA进行扩增,共扩增出44条带,其中35条具有多态性,比例为79.5%,平均每个引物扩增出3.5条多态性带;平均遗传距离为0.274,变异幅度为0.05～0.60,平均遗传多样性指数为0.692;基于RAPD标记,把180份小豆种质聚类划分为4个组群,该组群的划分与小豆的生态地域性似乎不存在明显的相关性.     

利用RAPD标记评价小豆种质遗传多样性

本研究利用10个RAPD引物对180份小豆种质的基因组DNA进行扩增,共扩增出44条带,其中35条具有多态性,比例为79．5％,平均每个引物扩增出3．5条多态性带;平均遗传距离为0．274,变异幅度为0．05－0．60,平均遗传多样性指数为0．692;基于RAPD标记,把180份小豆种质聚类划分为4个组群,该组群的划分与小豆的生态地域性似乎不存在明显的相关性。     

虎杖种质资源的分子标记研究

本文应用RAPD、ISSR和SRAP标记对26份虎杖种质资源遗传多样性进行检测.在22个引物中有17个引物(77.3%)扩增产物具多态性,多态性水平相对较高.22个引物共得到98条扩增DNA片段,其中90.8%具有多态性.每个多态性引物平均可扩增出5.24个多态性片段.聚类分析表明,利用BAPD、ISSR和SRAP技术相结合可将全部供试材料区分开,26份材料在Gs值0.54水平上全部聚为一类,以所有材料间的平均遗传相似遗传系数0.71为阈值,将其分为11类.虎杖种质资源在分子水平上确实存在较大遗传差异,RAPD、ISSR和SRAP标记可作为构建虎杖DNA指纹图谱的有效工具.     

应用RAFD标记研究不同生态区谷子品种的遗传差异

应用RAPD标记对19份国内不同生态区的谷子品种的遗传变异进行了研究。结果表明：分子水平上,不同生态区的谷子品种间存在一定的遗传差异,但遗传差异程度并不高。11个随机引物共扩增出54条多态性带,不同引物扩增的带数差异较大,每个引物可扩增2—8条多态性带,平均每个引物扩增出4．91条多态性带。引物1050扩增的多态性带最多(8条)。聚类结果表明,基于RAPD标记分析的遗传聚类群与生态类型有很大的一致性。     

芦笋种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用RAPD技术对国内外43个芦笋品种的遗传多样性进行分析.从60个随机引物中筛选出12个有效引物,共扩增出183条DNA片段,其中170条为多态性条带,约占总数的92.92%;平均每个引物扩增DNA带数超过15条.结果表明,43份材料的Nei氏相似系数分布在0.407～0.931之间,平均为0.765,可见遗传多样性相对偏低.对所有材料进行聚类分析,在Coefficient=0.77处划等值线,可将参试样品划分为8大类群.其中Jwc1、Purple Passion、鲁芦笋1号等6个品种各单独列为1个类群,其余的被分为2个类群.     

RAPD标记在山葡萄种质鉴定中的应用

采用修改后的CTAB 法获得了高质量的基因组DNA 。利用RAPD 标记技术对山葡萄7 份种质进行鉴定, 用4 个引物(从30 个引物中筛选)对试材进行PCR 扩增, 共扩增出30 条谱带, 平均每条引物产生7.5 条谱带, 其中21 条谱带为多态性谱带, 占总谱带数的70%。不同引物扩增的谱带数不同, 范围在6~9 条之间。利用4 个引物扩增出的多态性谱带可以将7 份山葡萄种质区分。     

应用RAPD标记分析黑麦属品种的遗传多样性

四川农业大学小麦研究所侯永翠、郑有良、魏育明等研究人员对黑麦遗传多样性课题作了研究。他们采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)标记 ,对黑麦属 (SecaleL) 7个品种共 1 2份材料进行了遗传多样性检测 ,发现被检测材料间RAPD标记多态性较高 ,在 4 0个随机引物中 ,有 2 5个引物约占整个的 6 2 .5 %的扩增产物具有多态性。这 2 5个中共扩增出 1 6 7条带 ,其中 89条带约占 5 3.2 %具有多态性 ,每个引物可扩增出 1～ 1 0条多态性带 ,平均为 3～ 6条。RAPD标记遗传距离GD变异范围为 0 .1 382～ 0 .4 5 1 2 ,平均为 0 .2 71 2。通过聚类分析表…     

香蕉33个品种的RAPD研究

利用RAPD技术对香蕉（Musa nana Lour.)33个品种的遗传变异进行了研究,从249个随机引物中筛选出18个有效引物,用它们共扩增出192条DNA带,其中183条为多态性带,占95．31％,平均每个引物扩增的DNA带数为10．67条,利用18个有效引物扩增的192条DNA带对香蕉33个品种间的亲缘关系进行UPGMA聚类分析,计算出33个品种间的平均遗传距离为0．3412。在此基础上建立了香蕉33个品种的DNA分子系统树状图。该系统将香蕉33个品种划归A,B,C和D4个群,其中A群20个品种,B群5个品种,C群2个品种,D群6个品种;A群又可以分为3个亚群。对香蕉遗传多样性分子基础进行了探讨。     

叶子花种质资源遗传多样性及亲缘关系的RAPD和ISSR分析

利用RAPD和ISSR标记对48份叶子花种质进行遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析。结果显示:(1)筛选出具有多态性的RAPD引物7条、ISSR引物11条,RAPD引物共扩增97条多态性条带,ISSR引物共扩增140条多态性带,多态性百分率均达100%。(2)根据两种标记的扩增结果,用UPGMA法对48份叶子花种质的聚类分析显示,48份供试材料间具有较丰富的遗传多样性,其品种间遗传相似系数RAPD为0.318 8～0.955 6,ISSR为0.349 5～0.900 0;两种分子标记均能清楚地将48份种质材料区分开来,对种质类群的划分结果基本一致,仅有些许差异。(3)聚类分析结果显示,48份种质可分为两大种系:1)B.glabra种系,其品种大多以其种内来源为主;2)涵盖了B.spectabilis、B.peruviana、B.×buttiana和B.×spectoglabra等4个种的种系,种质构成较为复杂。(4)两种标记聚类结果呈显著相关关系,相关系数为0.752 3。研究表明,对一些形态上无法细分的叶子花种质(类群),RAPD和ISSR分子标记是可靠的鉴别方法。     

鸢尾属部分植物种质资源的RAPD分析

采用RAPD分子标记技术,从100个随机引物中筛选出多态性强、重复性好且稳定性高的引物18个,对38份野生鸢尾属材料进行扩增,共扩增出409条带,其中多态性带405条,多态性比率为99.0%,表明野生鸢尾属植物种间有丰富的遗传多态性;根据DNA谱带计算物种间遗传距离,聚类分析结果将鸢尾属38份材料划分为6组,其结果与传统生物学特性划分的6个亚属的分类结果基本一致;物种特有RAPD标记分析表明,利用18个引物可以较好地将鸢尾属38种植物区分开,其中9个材料得到了单一标记的扩增带,表明运用RAPD分子标记对研究鸢尾属植物特异性基因及标记的筛选等有一定的理论和实际应用价值。     

利用RAPD技术鉴定海南荔枝品种光明

应用RAPD标记对6份无性系材料进行检验,20个引物对6份材料均扩增出完全相同的125条带,不具多态性,证明6份材料遗传基础高度相似。利用30个引物对光明和其他42份材料的基因组进行多态性分析,多态性位点为212个,占总数的80、83％,显示多态性较高。光明和其他荔枝品种间的相似系数均较高,与大丁香的相似系数（0．884）最高。在相似系数0．78水平上,可将供试材料分成4大类,这些类型与成熟期有一定相关,光明属于第3类。光明不具特征谱带,但可用少数引物组合将其和很多品种区别开,如利用AP09、AM16和AK17即可将光明从其他荔枝材料中鉴别出来。     

Genetic relationship between Polish and Chinese strains of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing., determined by the RAPD method

The genetic relationship between twenty-six strains of Agaricus bisporus were analysed by the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) method. DNA amplification was performed with the use of twelve arbitrary 10-mer primers. Four primers, which gave polymorphic band patterns were chosen for RAPD analysis. In total, they gave 24 distinguishable bands, of which nine were polymorphic. The conducted research showed that there is a great genetic similarity among the examined strains. Low polymorphism of the strains may be a proof of a limited genetic pool used in the cultivation of those strains.     

西瓜种质资源遗传亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用 RAPD 技术对国内外32份西瓜主栽品种与其骨干亲本及野生类型的遗传亲缘关系进行了研究。从720个随机引物(10bp)中筛选出15个能产生稳定多态性的引物用于 RAPD 反应,共扩增出104条 DNA 带,其中多态性 DNA 条带43条,占41.35%,平均每个引物扩增的 DNA 条带的数目为7.0条。聚类分析将供试材料分为6个类群:1个东亚生态型类群、1个美国生态型类群、2个中间生态型类群和2个非洲野生型类群,与传统的西瓜生态型分类基本吻合。每个生态型类群都有其特有的扩增(缺失)条带,同时分析了同一生态型中各个品种之间的亲缘关系及其品种的特异条带。本实验结果不仅从分子水平验证了西瓜是遗传基础狭窄的作物,而且在分子水平对西瓜传统分类与地理生态型分类进行了分析。     

Suitability of RAPD for analyzing spined and spineless variant regenerants of pineapple (Ananas comosus L., Merr.)

A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of spineless (variant phenotype) plants obtained from micropropagated dormant pineapple (Ananas comosus L., Merr.) axillary buds was performed using arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotide primers. This was done to investigate the genetic fidelity of the regenerants and to distinguish these variants from regenerants bearing the normal spined phenotype. Of the 58 arbitrary primers used, 29 produced bands unique to the spineless phenotype, and 30 produced bands unique to the spined phenotype. A total of 914 bands were scored, 55 of which were polymorphic to the spineless phenotype and 51 of which were polymorphic to the spined phenotype. On the basis of RAPD amplification products, genetic similarity was estimated in both types of regenerants using similarity coefficients (Nei and Li, 1979). The characteristic finger-prints generated by each probe emphasize genetic variability of regenerants. This technique is suitable for analyzing variant regenerants induced in vitro.     

二十八份玉米自交系的RAPD亲缘关系分析

采用RAPD技术,对28份玉米自交系的亲缘关系进行分析。旨在DNA水平上揭示玉米自交系之间的亲缘关系,为进一步提高玉米杂种优势利用水平提供有益的信息从100个10bp随机引物中筛选出24个多态性较好的引物,对28份玉米自交系DNA进行扩增,扩增出24张DNA指纹图谱,其中多态性DNA谱带106条,占总扩增带数的64％。利用DNA扩增结果进行聚类分析,建立了28个玉米自交系的亲缘天系树状图,将供试材料划分为五个类群,RAPD分析结果与已知系谱的亲缘关系基本一致。     

Relationships among <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leymus</Emphasis> species assessed by RAPD markers

The DNA genetic diversity of 40 accessions of genus Leymus was analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 352 products were amplified by 34 10-mer arbitrary primers, among which 337 products (95.74 %) were found to be polymorphic. 5–14 polymorphic bands were amplified by each polymorphic primer, with an average of 9.91 bands. The data of 352 RAPD bands were used to generate Jaccard’s similarity coefficients and to construct a dendrogram by means of UPGMA. Great genetic diversity in genus Leymus was observed, the genetic diversity among the different species more abundant than that of the different accessions, and the different accessions in a species or the species from the same areas were clustered together.     

中国茶树初选核心种质遗传多样性的RAPD分析

以中国茶树初选核心种质中的69份种质为实验材料,采用改良的SDS法提取它们的基因组DNA,并运用优化的RAPD 分析体系对基因组DNA进行分子标记遗传差异研究。从50个随机引物中筛选出32个扩增效果好的引物,对全部试验材料进 行了RAPD扩增共得到348条有效带,其中多态性带为328条(占94.3%),它们之间的遗传距离为0.223～0.723。研究结果表 明中国茶树初选核心种质的遗传结构、遗传多样性和遗传距离基本上能较好的代表中国的茶树种质资源。同时,指出结合形 态标记和DNA分子标记是构建茶树核心种质较好的选择。     

Determination of genetic diversity among Saccharina germplasm using ISSR and RAPD markers

Various species of genus Saccharina are economically important brown macroalgae cultivated in China. The genetic background of the conserved Saccharina germplasm was not clear. In this report, DNA-based molecular markers such as inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were used to assess the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 48 Saccharina germplasms. A total of 50 ISSR and 50 RAPD primers were tested, of which only 33 polymorphic primers (17 ISSR and 16 RAPD) had an amplified clear and reproducible profile, and could be used. Seventeen ISSR primers yielded a total of 262 bands, of which 256 were polymorphic, and 15.06 polymorphic bands per primer were amplified from 48 kelp gametophytes. Sixteen RAPD primers produced 355 bands, of which 352 were polymorphic, and 22 polymorphic bands per primer were observed across 48 individuals. The simple matching coefficient of ISSR, RAPD and pooled ISSR and RAPD dendrograms ranged from 0.568 to 0.885, 0.670 to 0.873, and 0.667 to 0.862, revealing high genetic diversity. Based on the unweighted pair group method with the arithmetic averaging algorithm (UPGMA) cluster analysis and the principal components analysis (PCA) of ISSR data, the 48 gametophytes were divided into three main groups. The Mantel test revealed a similar polymorphism distribution pattern between ISSR and RAPD markers, the correlation coefficient r was 0.62, and the results indicated that both ISSR and RAPD markers were effective to assess the selected gametophytes, while matrix correlation of the ISSR marker system (r = 0.78) was better than that of the RAPD marker system (r = 0.64). Genetic analysis data from this study were helpful in understanding the genetic relationships among the selected 17 kelp varieties (or lines) and provided guidance for molecular-assisted selection for parental gametophytes of hybrid kelp breeding.     

青岛市19个樱花品种的RAPD分析

采用改良的CTAB法提取19个樱花品种的基因组DNA.利用RAPD技术对19个樱花品种进行亲缘关系鉴定和品种分类研究.从60条10 bp随机引物中筛选出32条扩增效果较好的引物进行扩增,共扩增出533条带,其中多态性带为406条,多态率达76.17%.根据扩增结果进行UPGMA聚类分析,聚类结果将19个品种分为2大类群,第1类群主要为杂交樱系;第2类群为日本晚樱系,根据樱花的重瓣性、枝姿和花色又可分为不同的亚类群、类和亚类.结果表明应用RAPD技术对樱花分子水平的分类结果与传统分类学的结果基本一致,进一步证明种源、重瓣性、枝姿和花色都可作为樱花品种分类的重要指标.     

芥菜16个变种的RAPD研究

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术对芥菜（ＢｒａｓｉｃａｊｕｎｃｅａＣｏｓ．）１６个变种的遗传变异进行研究。从６０个随机引物中筛选出２７个有效引物,共扩增出３３６条ＤＮＡ带,其中２７５条为多态性带,占８１８５％,平均每个引物扩增的ＤＮＡ带数为１２４４条。利用１９个有效引物扩增的２４０条ＤＮＡ带对芥菜１６个变种间的亲缘关系进行ＵＰＧＡ聚类分析,计算出１６个变种间的平均遗传距离为７３４,在此基础上建立了中国菜用芥菜１６个变种的ＤＮＡ分子系统树图。该系统将芥菜的１６个变种划归Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三个组,其中Ａ组７个变种,Ｂ组８个变种,Ｃ组只有１个变种,Ｂ组又可细分为两个亚组。对芥菜遗传多样性的分子基础进行了探讨。