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1.
Vladimir Elisashvili Eva Kachlishvili Nino Tsiklauri Eka Metreveli Tamar Khardziani Spiros N. Agathos 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(2):331-339
The production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by eleven basidiomycetes species isolated from two ecosystems of Georgia was investigated
for the first time under submerged (SF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) of lignocellulosic by-products. Notable intergeneric
and intrageneric differences were revealed with regard to the extent of hydrolase and oxidase activity. Several fungi produced
laccase along with hydrolases in parallel with growth during the trophophase, showing that the synthesis of this enzyme is
not connected with secondary metabolism. The lignocellulosic substrate type had the greatest impact on enzyme secretion. Some
of the substrates significantly stimulated lignocellulolytic enzyme synthesis without supplementation of the culture medium
with specific inducers. Exceptionally high carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase, 122 U ml−1) and xylanase (195 U ml−1) activities were revealed in SF of mandarin peelings by Pseudotremella gibbosa IBB 22 and of residue after ethanol production (REP) by Fomes fomentarius IBB 38, respectively. The SSF of REP by T. pubescens IBB 11 ensured the highest level of laccase activity (24,690 U l−1), whereas the SSF of wheat bran and SF of mandarin peels provided the highest manganese peroxidase activity (570–620 U l−1) of Trichaptum biforme IBB 117. Moreover, the variation of lignocellulosic growth substrate provides an opportunity to obtain enzyme preparations
containing different ratios of individual enzymes. 相似文献
2.
G. R. Tortella O. Rubilar L. Gianfreda E. Valenzuela M. C. Diez 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(12):2805-2818
This work presents a preliminary report of a series of studies on the ability of several indigenous wood-rotting fungi from
Chile to produce hydrolytic and ligninolytic enzymes and the evaluation of these native microorganism to future research on
potential applications in bioremediation programs. Wood-rotting Basidiomycete fungi were collected from indigenous hardwood
forest in the South of Chile. Twenty-eight strains were identified and qualitative enzymatic tests for peroxidases, laccase,
tyrosinase, xylanase and cellulase production were performed in solid medium. Eleven selected strains were evaluated in liquid
medium to quantify their ligninolytic enzyme production and their capacity to grow in solid medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenol
(2,4-DCF), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCF) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). PCP degradation and ligninolytic enzymes production
were also evaluated in liquid medium. Results showed that laccase was present in 28 of the selected strains (≈73%). Peroxidase
was present in 40% and cellulase in 37% of the strains. Xilanase and tyrosinase were obtained in a smaller percentage in the
strains (28% and 7%, respectively). The 11 selected strains showed high concentrations of lignin peroxidase (Lip) and manganese
peroxidase (MnP). Anthracophyllum discolor (Sp4), produced LiP and MnP at 90.3 and MnP 125.5 U L−1 respectively, compared to the control fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium CECT-2798 that produced 58.1 and 118.4 U L−1 of LiP and MnP. Tolerance test showed that native Chilean fungi did not present high tolerance to 2,4,6-TCF and PCP but were
quite tolerant to 25 and 50 mg L−1 of 2,4-DCF. However, pre-acclimatization in 2,4-DCP notably improved the growth in medium with 2,4,6-TCP and PCP. PCP in
liquid medium was efficiently degraded by the fungi Anthracophyllum discolor, Lenzites betulina (Ru-30) and Galerina patagónica (Sp3), and the major MnP activity was produced by A. discolor (Sp4) (67 U L−1). 相似文献
3.
Eva Kachlishvili Michel J. Penninckx Nino Tsiklauri Vladimir Elisashvili 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2006,22(4):391-397
Summary The effect of additional nitrogen sources on lignocellulolytic enzyme production by four species of white-rot fungi (Funalia trogii IBB 146, Lentinus edodes IBB 363, Pleurotus dryinus IBB 903, and P. tuberregium IBB 624) in solid-state fermentation (SSF) of wheat straw and beech tree leaves was strain- and substrate-dependent. In general,
the yields of hydrolytic enzymes and laccase increased by supplementation of medium with an additional nitrogen source. This
stimulating effect of additional nitrogen on enzyme accumulation was due to higher biomass production. Only xylanase specific
activity of P. dryinus IBB 903 and laccase specific activity of L. edodes IBB 363 increased significantly (by 66% and 73%, respectively) in SSF of wheat straw by addition of nitrogen source to the
control medium. Additional nitrogen (20 mM) repressed manganese peroxidase (MnP) production by all fungi tested. The study
of the nitrogen concentration effect revealed that 10 mM peptone concentration was optimal for cellulase and xylanase accumulation
by P. dryinus IBB 903. While variation of the peptone concentration did not cause the change in MnP yield, elevated concentrations of this
nutrient (20–40 mM) led to a 2–3-fold increase of P. dryinus IBB 903 laccase activity. About 10–20 mM concentration of NH4NO3 was optimal for cellulase and xylanase production by F. trogii IBB 146. However, neither the laccase nor the MnP yield was significantly changed by the additional nitrogen source. 相似文献
4.
Elisashvili V Penninckx M Kachlishvili E Tsiklauri N Metreveli E Kharziani T Kvesitadze G 《Bioresource technology》2008,99(3):457-462
Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus species from various origins were compared for the first time for their ability to produce lignocellulolytic enzyme in solid-state (SSF) and submerged (SF) fermentation of various plant raw material. Fungi cultivation in identical culture conditions revealed wide differences among both species and strains of the same species. The yields of CMCase (62.3Uml(-1)), xylanase (84.1 U ml(-1)), FPA (5.9 U ml(-1)), and laccase (4103 Ul(-1)) are the best so far obtained with the strains of oyster mushrooms. The study pointed out that the nature of lignocellulosic material and the method of fungi cultivation are factors determining the expression of lignocellulolytic potential of fungi as well as the ratio of individual enzymes in enzyme complex. SSF of tree leaves is favorable for laccase and MnP secretion by the majority L. edodes and Pleurotus strains, whereas SF provides better production of hydrolytic enzymes. 相似文献
5.
Purification of recombinant laccase from Trametes versicolor in Pichia methanolica and its use for the decolorization of anthraquinone dye 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A recombinant laccase from Trametes versicolor in Pichia methanolica was produced constitutively in a defined medium. The recombinant laccase was purified using ultrafiltration, anion-exchange
chromatography, and gel filtration. The molecular weight of the purified laccase was estimated as 64 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The
purified recombinant laccase decolorized more than 90% of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) initially at 80 mg l−1 after 16 h at 45°C and pH 5 when 25 U laccase ml−1 was used. The purified recombinant laccase could efficiently decolorize RBBR without additional redox mediators. 相似文献
6.
Concentration of fungal ligninolytic enzymes by ultrafiltration and their use in distillery effluent decolorization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Extracellular ligninolytic enzymes secreted by seven different fungi grown under solid-state fermentation using agro-residue
as substrate were extracted through successive extractions. In general, most of the enzymes were recovered during first and
second extractions. These extractants were then subjected to ultrafiltration using a 10 kDa membrane for further concentration.
The permeates collected after every filtration and the final retentate were analyzed for protein and enzymes. In all the isolates,
enzyme concentration was maximum in first retentate, which reduced significantly in second, third, and fourth retentate. Maximum
per unit laccase (14.44 U g−1) and MnP production (142.2 U g−1) was observed in Fusarium verticillioides TERIDB16 while maximum LiP production (137.42 U g−1) was in Alternaria gaisen TERIDB6. The retentate was further used for checking its decolorization efficiency of undiluted distillery effluent. The
maximum decolorization (37%) was obtained using the enzyme extract of Pleurotus florida EM1303. 相似文献
7.
Hadeer Lazim Houda Mankai Nedra Slama Insaf Barkallah Ferid Limam 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(4):531-537
The purpose of the present research is to study the production of thermophilic alkaline protease by a local isolate, Streptomyces sp. CN902, under solid state fermentation (SSF). Optimum SSF parameters for enzyme production have been determined. Various
locally available agro-industrial residues have been screened individually or as mixtures for alkaline protease production
in SSF. The combination of wheat bran (WB) with chopped date stones (CDS) (5:5) proved to be an efficient mixture for protease
production as it gave the highest enzyme activity (90.50 U g−1) when compared to individual WB (74.50 U g−1) or CDS (69.50 U g−1) substrates. This mixed solid substrate was used for the production of protease from Streptomyces sp. CN902 under SSF. Maximal protease production (220.50 U g−1) was obtained with an initial moisture content of 60%, an inoculum level of 1 × 108 (spore g−1 substrate) when incubated at 45°C for 5 days. Supplementation of WB and CDS mixtures with yeast extract as a nitrogen source
further increased protease production to 245.50 U g−1 under SSF. Our data demonstrated the usefulness of solid-state fermentation in the production of alkaline protease using
WB and CDS mixtures as substrate. Moreover, this approach offered significant benefits due to abundant agro-industrial substrate
availability and cheaper cost. 相似文献
8.
M. Bustamante M. E. González A. Cartes M. C. Diez 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2011,38(1):189-197
The present work optimized the initial pH of the medium and the incubation temperature for ligninolytic enzymes produced by
the white-rot fungus Anthracophyllum discolor. Additionally, the effect of soya lecithin on mycelial growth and the production of ligninolytic enzymes in static batch
cultures were evaluated. The critical micelle concentration of soya lecithin was also studied by conductivity. The effects
of the initial pH (3, 4, and 5) and incubation temperature (20, 25, and 30°C) on different enzymatic activities revealed that
the optimum conditions to maximize ligninolytic activity were 26°C and pH 5.5 for laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) and
30°C and pH 5.5 for manganese-independent peroxidase (MiP). Under these culture conditions, the maximum enzyme production
was 10.16, 484.46, and 112.50 U L−1 for laccase, MnP, and manganese-independent peroxidase MiP, respectively. During the study of the effect of soya lecithin
on A. discolor, we found that the increase in soya lecithin concentration from 0 to 10 g L−1 caused an increase in mycelial growth. On the other hand, in the presence of soya lecithin, A. discolor produced mainly MnP, which reached a maximum concentration of 30.64 ± 4.61 U L−1 after 25 days of incubation with 1 g L−1 of the surfactant. The other enzymes were produced but to a lesser extent. The enzymatic activity of A. discolor was decreased when Tween 80 was used as a surfactant. The critical micelle concentration of soya lecithin calculated in our
study was 0.61 g L−1. 相似文献
9.
Cui Fengjie Li Yin Liu Zhiqiang Zhao Hui Ping Lifeng Ping Liying Yang Yinan Xue Yaping Yan Lijiao 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(4):721-725
The objective of this study was to maximize production of xylanase by a newly isolated strain Penicillium thiersii ZH-19. Response surface methodology was employed to study the effects of significant factors such as pH, temperature, xylan
concentration, and cultivation time, on the production of xylanase by Penicillium thiersii ZH-19. The optimal fermentation parameters for enhanced xylanase production were found to be pH 7.72, temperature 24.8°C, xylan
13.2 g l−1 and the fermentation time 125.8 h. The model predicted a xylanase activity of 75.24 U ml−1. Verification of the optimization showed that the maximum xylanase production reached 73.50 U mL−1 in the flask experiments and 80.23 U mL−1 in the scale of 15-L fermenter under the optimal condition. 相似文献
10.
Luiz Fernando Ferreira Mario Aguiar Georgia Pompeu Tâmara Guido Messias Regina Rosim Monteiro 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(9):1613-1621
Vinasse is a highly colored effluent with a high pollutant potential when disposed in the environment. Assays for decolorization
of vinasse were performed, selecting the fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju CCB 020. The discoloration was cocominant with the increase of the activities of laccase, manganese-peroxidase and peroxidases.
P. sajor-caju demonstrated a rise in biomass production (1.06 g 100 ml−1), and the enzyme activities such as laccase (varying from 400 to 450 IU l−1) reached between the 9th and 10th day of growth and for MnP at the 12th day of cultivation (varying from 60 to 100 IU l−1). It was concluded that the system P. sajor-caju/vinasse can be utilized as a bioprocess for color removal and degradation of complex vinasse compounds. It was observed an
improvement in the characteristics and detoxification allowing its utilization as reused water, laccase and manganese-peroxidase
enzymes production and for fungal biomass production with a high nutritional value. 相似文献
11.
Nona Mikiashvili Solomon P. Wasser Eviatar Nevo Vladimir Elisashvili 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2006,22(9):999-1002
Summary The effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources on laccase, manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP), and peroxidase production by two strains of Pleurotus ostreatus was investigated. The maximal laccase yield of P. ostreatus 98 and P. ostreatus 108 varied depending upon the carbon source from 5 to 62 U l−1 and from 55 to 390 U l−1, respectively. The highest MnP and peroxidase activities were revealed in medium supplemented by xylan. Laccase, MnP, and peroxidase activities of mushrooms decreased with supplementation of defined medium by inorganic nitrogen sources. Peptone followed by casein hydrolysate appeared to be the best nitrogen sources for laccase accumulation by both fungi. However, their positive effects on enzyme accumulation were due to a higher biomass production. The secretion of MnP and peroxidase by P. ostreatus 108 was stimulated with supplementation of casein hydrolysate to the control medium since the specific MnP and peroxidase activities increased 15-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively. 相似文献
12.
Potential for bioremediation of agro-industrial effluents with high loads of pesticides by selected fungi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Panagiotis A. Karas Chiara Perruchon Katerina Exarhou Constantinos Ehaliotis Dimitrios G. Karpouzas 《Biodegradation》2011,22(1):215-228
Wastewaters from the fruit packaging industry contain a high pesticide load and require treatment before their environmental
discharge. We provide first evidence for the potential bioremediation of these wastewaters. Three white rot fungi (WRF) (Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus) and an Aspergillus niger strain were tested in straw extract medium (StEM) and soil extract medium (SEM) for degrading the pesticides thiabendazole
(TBZ), imazalil (IMZ), thiophanate methyl (TM), ortho-phenylphenol (OPP), diphenylamine (DPA) and chlorpyrifos (CHL). Peroxidase (LiP, MnP) and laccase (Lac) activity was also
determined to investigate their involvement in pesticide degradation. T. versicolor and P. ostreatus were the most efficient degraders and degraded all pesticides (10 mg l−1) except TBZ, with maximum efficiency in StEM. The phenolic pesticides OPP and DPA were rapidly degraded by these two fungi
with a concurrent increase in MnP and Lac activity. In contrast, these enzymes were not associated with the degradation of
CHL, IMZ and TM implying the involvement of other enzymes. T. versicolor degraded spillage-level pesticide concentrations (50 mg l−1) either fully (DPA, OPP) or partially (TBZ, IMZ). The fungus was also able to rapidly degrade a mixture of TM/DPA (50 mg l−1), whereas it failed to degrade IMZ and TBZ when supplied in a mixture with OPP. Overall, T. versicolor and P. ostreatus showed great potential for the bioremediation of wastewaters from the fruit packaging industry. However, degradation of TBZ
should be also achieved before further scaling up. 相似文献
13.
Rafaella Costa Bonugli-Santos Lucia Regina Durrant Manuela da Silva Lara Dures Sette 《Enzyme and microbial technology》2010,46(1):32-37
Marine-derived fungi are a potential for the search of new compounds with relevant features. Among these, the ligninolytic enzymes have potential applications in a large number of fields, including the environmental and industrial sectors. This is the work aimed to evaluate the enzymatic activities of three marine-derived fungi (Aspergillus sclerotiorum CBMAI 849, Cladosporium cladosporioides CBMAI 857 and Mucor racemosus CBMAI 847) under different carbon sources and salinity conditions by using statistical experimental design. MnP, LiP and laccase were detected when these fungi were cultured in malt extract, however when grown on basal medium containing glucose and wheat bran LiP was not detected and yet an increase in MnP and laccase was observed. Statistical analysis through surface responses was performed and results showed high values of MnP and laccase activities under 12.5% and 23% (w/v) salinity, highlighting the potential use of these fungi for industrial applications and in bioremediation of contaminated sites having high salt concentrations. The highest values for LiP (75376.34 UI L−1), MnP (4484.30 IU L−1) and laccase (898.15 UI L−1) were obtained with the fungus M. racemosus CBMAI 847 and it is the first report concerning ligninolytic enzymes production by a zygomycete from this genus. 相似文献
14.
Phellinus robustus produced both laccase (700–4,000 U l−1) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) (1,000–11,300 U l−1) in fermentation of nine food wastes, whereas Ganoderma adspersum produced only laccase (600–34,000 U l−1). Glucose provided high laccase and MnP activity of P. robustus but repressed enzyme production by G. adspersum. Ammonium sulphate and ammonium tartrate increased the P. robustus laccase yield (3-fold), whereas the accumulation of MnP was not enhanced by additional nitrogen. 相似文献
15.
White-rot fungi are extensively used in various submerged biotechnology processes to produce ligninolytic enzymes. Transfer
of the process from the laboratory to the industrial level requires optimization of the cultivation conditions on the laboratory
scale. An interesting area of optimization is pellet growth since this morphological form solves problems such as the decreased
oxygen concentration, limited heat, and nutrient transport, which usually occur in dispersed mycelium cultures. Many submerged
fermentations with basidiomycetes in pellet form were done with Phanerochaete, Trametes, and Bjerkandera species, among others. In our study, another promising basidiomycete, D. squalens, was used for ligninolytic enzyme production. With the addition of wood particles (sawdust) as a natural inducer and optimization
of mixing and aeration conditions in laboratory stirred tank (STR) and bubble column (BCR) reactors on pellet growth and morphology,
the secretion of laccase and the manganese-dependent peroxidase into the medium was substantially enhanced. The maximum mean
pellet radius was achieved after 10 days in the BCR (5.1 mm) where pellets were fluffy and 5 days in the STR (3.5 mm) where
they were round and smooth. The maximum Lac activity (1,882 U l−1) was obtained after 12 days in the STR, while maximum MnP activity (449.8 U l−1) occurred after 18 days in the BCR. The pellet size and morphology depended on the agitation and aeration conditions and
consequently influenced a particular enzyme synthesis. The enzyme activities were high and comparable with the activities
found for other investigations in reactors with basidiomycetes in the form of pellets. 相似文献
16.
Michelin M Polizeli Mde L Silva DP Ruzene DS Vicente AA Jorge JA Terenzi HF Teixeira JA 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2011,38(12):1979-1984
Fungi producing high xylanase levels have attracted considerable attention because of their potential industrial applications.
Batch cultivations of Aspergillus terricola fungus were evaluated in stirred tank and airlift bioreactors, by using wheat bran particles suspended in the cultivation
medium as substrate for xylanase and β-xylosidase production. In the stirred tank bioreactor, in physical conditions of 30°C,
300 rpm, and aeration of 1 vvm (1 l min−1), with direct inoculation of fungal spores, 7,475 U l−1 xylanase was obtained after 36 h of operation, remaining constant after 24 h. In the absence of air injection in the stirred
tank reactor, limited xylanase production was observed (final concentration 740 U l−1). When the fermentation process was realized in the airlift bioreactor, xylanase production was higher than that observed
in the stirred tank bioreactor, being 9,265 U l−1 at 0.07 vvm (0.4 l min−1) and 12,845 U l−1 at 0.17 vvm (1 l min−1) aeration rate. 相似文献
17.
Initially sixteen fungi were screened for potential ligninolytic activity using decolourisation of a polymeric dye Poly R-478. From this, four fungi were selected, Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus, Collybia sp., and an isolate (identified as Rhizoctonia solani) isolated from a grassland soil. Differences in the ligninolytic enzyme profiles of each of the fungi were observed. All of the four fungi tested produced MnP and laccase while the Collybia sp. and R. solani produced LiP in addition. Enzyme activity levels also varied greatly over the 21 days of testing with T. versicolor producing levels of MnP and laccase three to four times greater than the other fungi. The four fungi were then tested for their ability to colonise sand, peat (forest) and basalt and marl mixed till (field) soils through visual measurement and biomass detection in soil microcosms. Trametes versicolor and the Collybia sp. failed to grow in any of the non-sterilised soils whereas the R. solani and P. ostreatus isolates grew satisfactorily. Primers were␣designed to detect MnP and laccase genes in P.␣ostreatus and RTPCR was used to detect that these genes are expressed in forest and field soils. 相似文献
18.
α-Amylase activities of Aspergillus oryzae grown on dextrin or indigestible dextrin were 7·8 and 27·7 U ml−1, respectively. Glucoamylase activities of the cultures grown on dextrin or indigestible dextrin were 5·4 and 301 mU ml−1, respectively. The specific glucoamylase production rate in indigestible dextrin batch culture reached 1·35 U g DW−1 h−1. In contrast, biomass concentration of A. oryzae in indigestible dextrin culture was 35% of that in dextrin culture. Thus, the culture method using indigestible dextrin has
the potential to improve amylolytic enzyme production and fungal fermentation broth rheology. 相似文献
19.
Manjit Anita Yadav N. K. Aggarwal Krishan Kumar Anil Kumar 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(12):3023-3030
A tannase yielding fungal culture identified as Aspergillus fumigatus MA was isolated from the effluent collected from a local small scale tannery. The fungal culture produced high yields of
extracellular tannase under solid-state fermentation (SSF) using different agro forest residues such as Amla leaves (Phyllanthus emblica), Ber leaves (Zyzyphus mauritiana), Jamun leaves (Syzygium cumini), Jamoa leaves (Syzygium sp.) and Keekar leaves (Acacia nilotica). Among different substrates used, Jamun leaves yielded maximal extra-cellular production of tannase. Various parameters
were studied to optimize the extracellular yield of tannase under SSF. The maximum yield of 174.32 U g−1 was obtained at 25°C after 96 h of incubation at pH 5.0. The tap water was used as a moistening agent. A substrate to tap
water ratio of 1:1 was found to best for tannase production. Supplementation of the medium with ammonium sulfate as nitrogen
source had enhanced tannase production whereas glucose had decreased the enzyme production. This is the first report on production
of tannase by Aspergillus fumigatus MA, giving a much higher yield of enzyme under SSF with Jamun leaves as the substrate. 相似文献
20.
Ligninolytic enzymes of the white rot fungiCoriolopsis polyzona, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, andTrametes versicolor growing on wheat straw under nearly natural conditions were investigated. Manganese peroxidase (MnP), secreted as early as
on day 3, was dominant over other activities during the initial phase (the first 10 days). Its activity profile was similar
in all the three fungi. Lignin peroxidase (LIP) was not detected in the extracellular enzyme extracts ofC. polyzona andP. chrysosporium cultures.T. versicolor secreted LIP after 10 d of growth. Another, recently described, enzyme activity of manganese-independent peroxidase (MIP)
was detected in all the three fungi tested and it appeared on about day 5 (later than MnP and earlier than LIP); it was the
dominant activity after day 10. Laccase activity appeared at basal levels without any significant changes. Pyranose 2-oxidase
was probably the major extracellular H2O2-generating activity (with all the three fungi) that appeared contemporarily with MnP, increased with time, peaking on day
17–18. Glyoxal oxidase could not be detected with any of the fungi. 相似文献