FREEZE-FRACTURE STUDY OF THE SINGLE MEMBRANE BETWEEN HOST CELL AND ENDOCYTOBIONT IN THE DINOFLAGELLATES GLENODINIUM FOLIACEUM AND PERIDINIUM BALTICUM1

The dinoflagellates Glenodinium foliaceum Stein and Peridinium balticum (Levander) Lemmermann harbor a chrysophytic endocytobiont which is bounded by only a single membrane. This unique membrane is of particular interest because it could correspond to an intermediate stage in the evolution of “complex” plastids found in many Plastids of this type are surrounded by three or membranes instead of the usual two. With freeze-fracture techniques, we show that the single membrane in P. balticum has a pronounced polarity with respect to the distribution of intramembrane particles (IMPs) on the two corresponding fracture faces. The inner face exhibited more IMPs than the outer. We suggest that this stdedness identifies the separating membrane as the plasma membrane of the endocytobiont. A symbiontophoric vacuole with a separate membrane apparently is lacking. In the endocytobiosis of G. foliaccum, the single membrane separating host and endocylobiont exhibits a symmetrical particle partition. Nevertheless, from the size distribution of the IMPs it appears likely that this membrane, too, corresponds to the plasma membrane of the symbiont.     

THE ISOLATION OF A CELL MEMBRANE FRACTION FROM RAT LIVER

A procedure is described for isolating cell membranes from rat liver homogenates. 20 gm. of rat liver was homogenized in a Dounce homogenizer in ice cold water buffered to pH 7.5 with NaHCO₃, rupturing all of the cells and most nuclei. The diluted homogenate was filtered through cheesecloth to remove precipitated nucleoprotein and centrifuged at 1500 g, 10 minutes, to sediment a crude membrane fraction. The membrane containing sediment was recentrifuged 3 times in conical tubes (1220 g, 10 minutes), the top layer of the 2-layered sediment being retained. Flotation in a sucrose solution d = 1.22 freed the preparation from contaminating cell fragments and nuclear membranes not previously disintegrated. The floating material ~0.4 ml. was quite homogeneous and consisted of thin amorphous membranes. Electron micrographs revealed numerous double profiles similar in shape and dimensions to apposed liver cell membranes in intact tissue.     

不同食物饲养幼鼠对肝组织化学影响的观察

实验采用刚断乳的幼鼠２０ 只, 分为两组喂养, 每组１０ 只, 对照组和普通饲料喂养（简称Ａ 组）,另一组用奶粉喂养（简称Ｂ组）。分别喂养２０天后, 对其肝组织化学进行了分组定性对比观察。结果显示：Ａ 组肝细胞糖原ＰＡＳ反应, ＳＤＨ、ＣｈＥ活性高于Ｂ组, 分别为强阳性（）, 而Ｂ组ＬＤＨ, ＡＫＰ活性比Ａ组强, 分别为强阳性及最强阳性 （, ）。     

罗布麻属与白麻属叶表面气孔形态的比较观察——兼论Poacynum的归属

本文报道了罗布麻属和白麻属植物叶表面气孔形态的比较观察。结果表明,两者气孔形态的微观性状十分相似,同属一个类型。结合花部形态的比较分析,认为Poacynum Baill。独立成属的依据是不充分、不合理的,应将之归并回罗布麻属Apocynum L 中。列举了原白麻属所隶下2个种的正确学名。     

更新世台湾海峡两岸植物区系迁移的通道

台湾原为大陆的一部分,以后由于断隐而形成台湾海峡。台湾海峡两岩植物区系关系密切,植物区系相互迁移分布,闽台陆桥是台湾海峡最浅的部分,在更新世冰期,由于海退,陆桥曾４次较长时间露出水面,成为台湾海峡两岸植物区系迁移分布的通道,使得两岸植物的迁移分布得以进行。     

绒山蝠肝细胞电镜观察和乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的研究

本文用光镜和电镜观察了绒山蝠肝细胞的超微结构,用聚内烯酰胺凝胶电泳,对肝组织ＬＤＨ同工酶进行了研究。肝细胞有丰富的线粒体、内质网、核糖体,发达的高尔基体、溶酶体等。在线粒体的周围有一层粗面内质网包绕,二者的密切关系,不仅在绒山蝠其他组织中,且在大部分哺乳动物细胞中均未观察到。该种肝细胞的ＬＤＨ同工酶以Ｍ亚基为主,主要催化丙酮酸还原成乳酸。     

乙型肝炎、肝硬变中一种小多角细胞的观察

我们曾在２６例肝硬变标本中发现一种小多角细胞－－肝小多角细胞（ＳＰＬＣ）,但其性质和来源仍不清。本研究在２６０例乙型肝炎、肝硬变组织中对ＳＰＬＣ的有无及其增生程度进行了观察,结果表明,急性肝炎中无ＳＰＬＣ,３７％的慢性迁延性肝炎、６４％的慢性活动性肝炎及６７％的肝硬变标本中均能见到ＳＰＬＣ,而且其数目随慢性肝脏病变的进展而逐渐增加。应用多种抗体进行的免疫组织化学染色表明,它们全为细胞角蛋白（ＣＫ）１８阳性,显示其上皮性质;界板附近的ＳＰＬＣ呈ＣＫ１９和Ｓ－１００蛋白阳性,提示它们具有增生胆小管上皮的某些表型;部分ＳＰＬＣＨＢｓＡＧ阳性,提示它们又有肝细胞的某些特点;多数ＳＰＬＣ表达胰岛素样生长因子（ＩＧＦⅡ）—一种癌胚性强致裂原,表明它们是一种幼稚细胞。我们认为,ＳＰＬＣ是一类兼有增生胆小管上皮和肝细胞性质的新型肝脏细胞,具有干细胞的性质,可能是上皮性于细胞向成熟肝细胞分化过程中的中间形态,其增生反映了非界板性肝细胞的大量损失。     

山莨菪碱对紫膜中菌紫质结构的影响及其与膜脂的关系

本文用吸收光谱和可见圆二色谱研究了不同浓度的山莨菪碱对紫膜中菌紫质结构的影响,并设计了用不同浓度的去垢剂Triton X-100作为脂环境的扰动剂,研究山莨菪碱对菌紫质的影响与膜脂关系的实验.结果表明山莨菪碱不仅影响菌紫质分子本身的构象变化而且扰动了菌紫质分子之间的激子偶联作用.通过吸收差光谱技术表明山莨菪碱对菌紫质结构的影响与膜脂密切相关并指出紫膜中菌紫质的三体结构对膜功能的贡献是不容忽视的.     

中华眼镜蛇毒心脏毒素对人肝癌细胞株细胞膜的影响

目的和方法：运用５７０ 型粘附式细胞仪光漂白后荧光再分布法测定单个细胞膜脂流动性的动态变化和流式细胞仪测定细胞群细胞膜电位,以观察中华眼镜蛇毒心脏毒素对人肝癌细胞株细胞膜的影响。结果：心脏毒素使肝癌细胞膜脂流动性下降,并且使肝癌细胞膜电位下降。结论：心脏毒素对人肝癌细胞株Ｈ７４０２细胞膜有损伤作用     

生物素结合对紫膜结构和功能的影响

为了提高细菌视紫红质（ＢＲ）的可组装怀,使之使用于生物传感器等生物器件,利用生物素对紫膜进行修饰,使之可以被亲和素识别,从而可以定向的固定于固体支撑物表面。实验结果表明：生物素可以修饰紫膜表面的赖氨酸,修饰的程序依修饰的时间不同而有所不同,但即使被修饰２４小时的紫膜,其表面的赖氨酸仍然没有被完全修饰。同时,生物素的修饰不会影响紫膜的结构和功能,但是不同的结合位点对Ｍ４１２的衰减会产生不同的影响。这     

人胎肝中两种抑制肿瘤细胞生长活性成分的分离鉴定及功能研究

胎儿组织中存在低分子肿瘤抑制物。胎肝细胞的甲醇－丙酮提取物中保留有大部分抑瘤活性。用体外液体培养条件下对人急性粒系白血病细胞系（ＨＬ－６０）的抑制作用为指标,跟踪分离过程。提取物经反相Ｃ１８中压液相色谱、Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ ＬＨ－２０凝胶色谱及正相高效液相色谱分离得到两种活性物质,经ＮＭＲ和ＨＲＭＳ鉴定为７－酮基胆固醇（７－ｋｅｔｏｃｈｏｌｅｓｔｅｒｏｌ,７－ＫＣ）和７－β－羟基胆固醇（７－β－ｈｙ     

牛奶和维生素C对肝脏影响的实验性研究

目的　为了观察牛奶和维生素C饮料对肝脏的影响。方法　用健康小白鼠 30只 ,分为 3组 ,A组 (正常对照组 )、B组 (牛奶组 )、C组 (维生素C组 )各 10只。经 14天喂养后 ,断头处死 ,取肝右叶用组织化学和酶组织化学方法 ,观察PAS反应、SDH、ATPase、ChE以及ACP的变化。结果　结果为A组PAS反应、SDH为强阳性 ( ) ,ChE为中等阳性 ( )。B组ChE、ATPase为阳性 ( )。C组SDH、PAS反应以及ATPase为中等阳性 ( )。 3个组的ACP均为弱阳性 (± )。结论　提示高糖、高蛋白可明显提高肝的功能活动 ,而标准食物佐以维生素C有益于肝脏的功能活动。     

酰化对紫膜结构的影响

在很宽波长和ＰＨ范围内用紫外及可见区光吸收、圆二色及共振拉曼测定了酰化诱导的紫膜溶液的光谱变化。结构表明：酰化引起的表面电位的改变诱导了蛋白局部构象的改变。这种改变在很大程度上离域到整个蛋白分子中而影响了视黄醛结合位点的性质及生色团的结构,从而导致可观察的光谱变化。与未酰化紫膜比较,紫膜对ＰＨ的稳定性减小了。     

基于图像分析技术的红细胞膜力学特性多参数动态测定的研究

探索以图像分析技术,在无扰、在位、实时的情况下,对单个活态红细胞的多个力学参量：弯曲模量KC、剪切模量μ及切向与弯曲模量之比ε等进行非侵入性连续动态测定的新方法。以该技术对红细胞在不同外部条件（温度、氧分压、渗透压）下的力学参量进行动态监测,不但揭示出有关变量条件对细胞各个力学参量的影响。还证明了本技术适于对细胞的各种生理和病理过程进行连续监测。     

THE STRUCTURE OF THE COLLODION MEMBRANE AND ITS ELECTRICAL BEHAVIOR : X. AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF SOME ASPECTS OF THE TEORELL AND MEYER-SIEVERS THEORIES OF ELECTRICAL MEMBRANE BEHAVIOR

1. The Teorell, Meyer-Sievers theory characterizes the electrochemical behavior of membranes by their selectivity constant "A_p" which is derived conventionally from concentration potential measurements at various concentration levels. The selectivity constant may, however, be derived also from entirely independent, different experimental data, namely base exchange studies. The constants arrived at in this second way are designated as "A_b." The selectivity constants derived by these two methods must be in reasonable, at least semiquantitative agreement if the basic assumptions of the theory are correct. 2. The selectivity constants A_p and A_b were determined for eleven different sets of membranes of different electrochemical activity and of different (8.2 to 80 volume per cent) water content. 3. The potentiometric selectivity constants A_p are in most cases several orders of magnitude greater than the corresponding A_b values. With membranes of great porosity and high electrochemical activity the A_b values approach at least in order of magnitude the A_p values. 4. It is concluded that the unexpectedly large discrepancy between the A_p and A_b values is due to some inherent weakness of the Teorell, Meyer-Sievers theory, most likely to its neglect of any structural factors.     

丽珠肠乐（回春生）对肝硬化的疗效观察

丽珠肠乐（回春生）为双歧杆菌活菌制剂,给７３例肝硬化失代期病人口服２２～６７天。治疗前后分别检测血内毒素含量及肝功能,观察其疗效。结果表明本制剂对肝硬化的疗效明显,总有效率为７９．４５％,其中内毒素水平治疗后明显下降,与治疗前比较,Ｐ＜０．０１,有效率为８７．６７％。肝功能各指标有不同程度的改善,有效率７８．０８％。说明回春生是当代最新的微生态调节剂。     

聚球藻(Synechococcus leopoliensis625)藻胆体-类囊体膜光化学活性和亚显微结构的研究

聚球藻藻胆体-类囊体膜吸收光谱中有五个吸收峰,它们位于420nm,438nm,490nm,624nm 和678nm。放氧速率为161—179mol O2/mg Chl.hr.电镜照片中显示在类囊体膜上有大量藻胆体。