SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA OF AUSTRALIAN HETERONYCINI (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: MELOLONTHINAE)

Abstract
The tribe Heteronycini and 10 included genera (4 of them new) are defined. A key to genera and keys to species of Acheilo gen. n. and Webbella gen. n. are provided. The new genera are: Acheilo, Paraheteronyx, Proborhinus and Webbella. A. clypeatus gen. n., sp. n. is described.
The following species are transferred to other genera: Heteronyx bravicollis Blackburn, H. brevicoxis Lea, H. clypealis Lea, H. cribrifrons Lea, H. inconstans Lea, H. noctivagus Lea, H. phanophilus Lea, H. transversopolitus Lea and H. unidentatus Lea to Neoheteronyx Blackburn; H. unguiculatus Burmeister to Paraheteronyx gen. n.; H. cornutus Blackburn to Proborhinus gen. n.; H. capitalis Blackburn and H. pedarius Blackburn to Acheilo gen. n.; H. firmus Blackburn and H. labralis Blackburn to Webbella gen. n. Anacheirotus Blackburn is synonymised with Heteronyx Guérin-Méneville; A. inornatus Blackburn becomes H. inornatus (Blackburn). Pseudoheteronyx seticollis Lea is synonymised with P. creber Blackburn. Heteronyx clypealis Lea is synonymised with Neoheteronyx brevicollis (Blackburn). Lectotypes are designated for Heteronyx unguiculatus and Eurychelus marmoratus Blanchard.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Sphindidae, Erotylidae, Monotomidae, and Cryptophagidae

Two species of Sphindidae, Odontosphindus denticollis LeConteand Sphindus trinifer Casey, are reported for the first time for New Brunswick. Another species, Sphindus near americanus LeConte is reported from the province but may be an undescribed species, pending further study. Five species of Erotylidae are newly recorded for the province, including Tritoma humeralis Fabricius and Tritoma sanguinipennis (Say), which are new to the Maritime provinces. Three species of Monotomidae are added to the New Brunswick faunal list, including Pycnotomina cavicollis (Horn), which is newly recorded for the Maritime provinces. Six additional species of Cryptophagidae are reported for the province and the presence of Antherophagus convexulus LeContein New Brunswick is confirmed. Cryptophagus pilosus Gyllenhal and Myrmedophila americana (LeConte) are newly reported to the Maritime provinces.     

Thysanoptera of the genus Dichromothrips on Old World Orchidaceae

Species of Dichromothrips are shown to be widespread on Orchidaceae in the Old World Tropics from Africa to New Zealand. The centre of diversity appears to be the Malaysian Region but this may be an artefact resulting from poor collections. The genus is redefined, its relationships discussed and a key provided to the 14 species [ australiae sp. nov., borneensis (Pr.); corbetti (Pr.); dendrobii Saki.; indicus sp. nov.; maori sp. nov._; nakahari sp. nov._; nigeriae sp. nov.; orchidis Pr.; phalaenopsidis Saki. (= sakimurai Bhatti syn.nov.); priesneri (Hood); semicognitus Saki.; smithi (Zimm.)j via torus sp. nov.|. Eugeneothrips Hood is synonymised with Dichromothrips.     

External exoskeletal cavities in Coleoptera and their possible mycangial functions

This paper reviews the occurrence of external exoskeletal cavities in beetles and provides critical reassessment of their possible mycangial function. In most reported cases, the decision to attribute mycangial function to exoskeletal cavities was based solely on the combination of two factors: (i) observation of these cavities on beetle's body; and (ii) knowledge that this particular beetle species uses fungi as a food source. Such reasoning resulted in the assumption, occasionally premature and not supported by other evidence, that exoskeletal pits in the following families may function as mycangia: Rhysodidae, Ptiliidae, Staphylinidae, Hybosoridae, Scarabaeidae, Derodontidae, Ptinidae, Jacobsoniidae, Boganiidae, Cryptophagidae, Endomychidae, Erotylidae, Latridiidae, Nitidulidae, Phloeostichidae, Silvanidae, Sphindidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthribidae, Attelabidae and Curculionidae. We conclude that only two beetle families include species with adequately documented cases of external exoskeletal mycangia: (i) Curculionidae (some Scolytinae and Platypodinae); and (ii) the structurally complex mycangia of Attelabidae ( Euops females). One or more species of Sphindidae, Erotylidae, Silvanidae, and Latridiidae have likely functional mycangia. Exoskeletal pits with uncertain function are additionally reported from the following families: Cupedidae, Ommatidae, Lepiceridae, Carabidae, Histeridae, Hydraenidae, Leiodidae, Elmidae, Artematopodidae, Throscidae, Elateridae, Rhinorhipidae, Biphyllidae, Cerylonidae, Cyclaxyridae, Monotomidae, Mycetophagidae and Zopheridae. We also discuss the transport of fungal spores and conidia by waxy exudates or debris build up on beetle exoskeleton, as well as their passive attachment to the body.     

Revision of the genus Menippus Clark in Australia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)

Abstract  The genus Menippus is revised for Australia, with six species, three of which are new: M. cynicus Clark, M. darcyi sp. nov. , M. ewani sp. nov. , M. fugitivus (Lea), M. sufi sp. nov. and M. yulensis (Jacoby) comb. nov. (from Diorhabda Weise). Menippus yulensis was described from New Guinea. This species and M. darcyi were formerly confused in Australia with M. fugitivus , which is now considered endemic to Lord Howe Island. The species formerly considered M. fugitivus and protected under the Threatened Species Conservation Act, New South Wales, is now named M. darcyi . A key is provided for the Australian species of Menippus and a lectotype designated for M. yulensis . The composition of Menippus is discussed and three non-Australian species are transferred to this genus: M. inconspicua (Jacoby) comb. nov. (from Diorhabda Weise); M. laterimaculata (Jacoby) comb. nov. ; and M. marginipennis (Jacoby) comb. nov. (from Galerucella Crotch). A revised checklist of Menippus species is given. The recorded foodplants of Menippus are species of Celtis (Ulmaceae).     

THE IDENTITY OF EARINIS PURPUREUS LEA (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

Abstract
Earinis purpureus Lea, 1916 is synonymised with Oroderes uniformis Blackburn, 1889. O. uniformis is figured for the first time.     

Beetles (Coleoptera) associated with the birch fungus Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Basidiomycetes, Aphyllophorales) in forests of the Urals and Transurals

Detailed characteristics of the fauna of beetles associated with the birch fungus Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.: Fr.) (Basidiomycetes, Aphyllophorales) in the Urals and Transurals are given. A total of 37 species of 17 families were found, with dominating species including Diaperis boleti (Linnaeus, 1758) (Tenebrionidae), Thymalus oblongus Reitter, 1889 (Trogossitidae), and Dacne bipustulata Thunberg, 1781 (Erotylidae). The main trends in the ecological and trophic specialization of mycetophagous beetles are analyzed. Some characteristics concerning the formation of beetle assemblages at different stages of the fruit body development are revealed.     

Morphology of the pronotal compound glands in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tritoma bipustulata</Emphasis> (Coleoptera: Erotylidae)

Members of the cucujiform family Erotylidae possess a whole arsenal of compound integumentary glands. Structural details of the glands of the pronotum of Tritoma bipustulata and Triplax scutellaris are provided for the first time. These glands, which open in the posterior and anterior pronotal corners, bear, upon a long, usually unbranched excretory duct, numerous identical gland units, each comprising a central cuticular canal surrounded by a proximal canal cell and a distal secretory cell. The canal cell forms a lateral appendix filled with a filamentous mass probably consisting of cuticle, and the cuticle inside the secretory cell is strongly spongiose—both structural features previously not known for compound glands of beetles. Additional data are provided for compound glands of the prosternal process and for simple (dermal) glands of the pronotum. A combined defense plus anti-microbial function of the compound glands is tentatively proposed.     

A review of Scymnodes Blackburn, with the description of a new Australian species and its larva (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Abstract. The genus Scymnodes is reviewed both taxonomically and biologically, and its nineteen constituent species placed into two subgenera. S.(Dolinus) Weise is made a subjective synonym of S. (Scymnodes) Blackburn, S.(Apolinus) is proposed as a new name for Platyomus Mulsant (nee Schoenherr) and Rhynchortalia wallacei Crotch is transferred to S. (Scymnodes) as a new combination. S.(S.)bellus , sp.n. is described. Its larva is also described and comparisons made with those of S.(A.)lividigaster and the platynaspine Phymatosternus lewisi (Crotch). Comments are made on the habits of the S.(S.)bellus larva, which was observed to feed on ants.     

Review of the Australian aphrophorid spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae)

Abstract A review of the Aphrophoridae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopoidea) occurring in Australia has revealed closer links between the Australian fauna and those of the Pacific region than were previously acknowledged. A key to the Australian genera is provided along with a diagnosis for each genus and a list of described Australian species with notes on each. Taxonomic changes proposed are: Neoaphrophora China synonymised with Anyllis Kirkaldy; Eurycercopis Kirkaldy synonymised with Interocrea Walker; Aphrophora rufiventris Walker and Philagra vittata Metcalf and Horton synonymised with Philagra parva (Donovan). New combinations proposed are: Amarusa australis (Jacobi) (from Eoptyelus ); Anyllis tiegsi (China) (from Neoaphrophora ); Interocrea nigrofasciata (Kirkaldy) (from Eurycercopis ); Interocrea regalis (Lallemand) (from Clovia ); Liorhina loxosema (Hacker) (from Clovia ). To provide a single reference point for the species and, for species described by Hacker (1926) and Jacobi (1928) , to validate apparent holotype intentions by those authors, lectotypes are designated for: Ptyelus homochrous Hacker; Eurycercopis nigrofasciata Kirkaldy; Clovia regalis Lallemand; Clovia loxosema Hacker; Philagra concolor Hacker; Philagra fulvida Hacker; Philagra recurva Jacobi. The probable whereabouts of the type specimen of Philagra parva (Donovan) are discussed. The origin of the holotype of Novaphrophara tasmaniae Lallemand is discussed; the Australian record is almost certainly incorrect.     

TEINOGENYS MOONIENSIS SP. N. AND NEW LOCALITY RECORDS FOR OTHER SPECIES OF TEINOGENYS SHARP (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE)

Abstract
Teinogenys mooniensis is described from a series of 3 males collected at light at Moonie, south Queensland. The species-groups of Teinogenys are formalised, a key is given for the males of the laevis species-group and new locality records are given for T. laevis (Arrow), T. inermicollis (Lea), T. nitidus Sharp, T. inermis Blackburn, T. deceptus Carne, T. calvus (Blackburn), T. richardsae (Blackburn), T. aurilegulus (Blackburn) and T. dives (Blackburn).     

Genus Carvaka Distant in Australia (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Selenocephalinae)

Abstract  The leafhopper genus Carvaka Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Selenocephalinae) in Australia is reviewed in light of recent publications on the subfamily Selenocephalinae in the Oriental region. The genus Exitianellus Evans is transferred from the subfamily Deltocephalinae to the Paraboloponini and synonymised with Carvaka . Carvaka elegantula (Evans) comb. nov. is redescribed and three new species, C. mouldsorum , C. maculata and C. flava are added to the genus. A key for the separation of the Australian species of Carvaka is provided. The Australian fauna represents all three recognised species groups of the genus. The significance of this to the biogeographical origins of the Australian fauna is discussed.     

Diverse cuticular hydrocarbons from Australian canebeetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Abstract  Cuticular hydrocarbon components in beetles of six Australian melolonthines whose larvae damage sugarcane, Antitrogus parvulus (Britton), A. consanguineus (Blackburn), Lepidiota negatoria (Blackburn), L. picticollis (Lea), L. noxia (Britton) and Dermolepida alborhirtum (Arrow), are identified and compared. These species demonstrate species-specific cuticular hydrocarbon profiles with a number of unprecedented structures. Major components have been identified as polymethylated hydrocarbons, 3-methyl substituted n -alkanes, 9,10-allenes and the corresponding C9 alkenes. The similarity of these compounds shows some correlation with the phylogeny of the beetles, but two polymethylated C₂₂ hydrocarbons are unique to A. parvulus. One C₂₅ allene is shown to have a potential role in mate recognition in A. consanguineus.     

Italian Dermestidae: notes on some species and?an?updated checklist (Coleoptera)

An up-to-date checklist of the Italian Dermestidae is provided. The presence of 95 species in Italy is confirmed, while further 5 species (Dermestes (Dermestes) vorax Motschulsky, 1860, Thorictuspilosus Peyron, 1857, T. wasmanni Reitter, 1895, Attagenus (Attagenus) simonis Reitter, 1881 and Globicornis (G.) breviclavis (Reitter, 1878)) and 1 subspecies (A. (A.) tigrinus pulcher Faldermann, 1835) are excluded from the Italian fauna.Attagenus (Attagenus) calabricus Reitter, 1881 and A. (A.) lobatus Rosenhauer, 1856 are for the first time recorded from Abruzzi and Tuscany respectively; A. (A.) silvaticus Zhantiev, 1976 is recorded for the first time from mainland Italy (Apulia); Anthrenus (Anthrenus) angustefasciatus Ganglbauer, 1904 is new to northern Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia), central Italy (Tuscany), Apulia and Basilicata; A. (A.) munroi Hinton, 1943 is new to central Italy (Elba Island); A. (A.) delicatus Kiesenwetter, 1851 is for the first time recorded from Apulia; Globicornis (Globicornis) fasciata (Fairmaire & Brisout de Barneville, 1859) is new to southern Italy (Basilicata); G. (Hadrotoma) sulcata (C.N.F. Brisout de Barneville, 1866) is for the first time recorded from central Italy (Abruzzi), Campania and Sicily, whileTrogoderma inclusum LeConte, 1854 is new to Apulia.Seven species (Dermestes (Dermestes) peruvianus Laporte de Castelnau, 1840, D. (Dermestinus) carnivorus Fabricius, 1775, D. (Dermestinus) hankae Háva, 1999, D. (Dermestinus) intermedius intermedius Kalík, 1951, D. (Dermestinus) szekessyi Kalík, 1950, Anthrenus (Anthrenops) coloratus Reitter, 1881 and Trogodermaangustum (Solier, 1849)) recently recorded from Italy (without further details) are discussed.The lectotype and a paralectotype are designated forAttagenus (A.) calabricus Reitter, 1881 from Calabria.Attagenus pellio (Linnaeus, 1758) var. pilosissimus Roubal, 1932 is removed from synonymy with A. (A.) pellio and recognized as a valid species (stat. prom.); it is known from Lombardy, Apulia and Calabria.     

Definition and Revision of the Orthrius-group of genera (Coleoptera, Cleridae, Clerinae)

An "Orthrius-group" of genera is proposed, and defined to include Aphelochroa Quedenfeldt, 1885; Caridopus Schenkling, 1908; Dozocolletus Chevrolat, 1842; Gyponyx Gorham, 1883; Languropilus Pic, 1940; Orthrius Gorham, 1876; Pieleus Pic, 1940; Xenorthrius Gorham, 1892; plus three new genera Neorthriusgen. n., Nonalatusgen. n. and Pseudoastigmusgen. n. A phylogeny of the 11 constituent Orthrius-group genera (analysis of 22 morphological characters using Clerus Geoffroy as the out-group taxon was performed with TNT v1.1) is proposed. Four genera are synonymised: Burgeonus Pic, 1950, syn. n. (with Aphelochroa Quedenfeldt, 1885); Brinckodes Winkler, 1960, syn. n. and Quasibrinckodes Winkler, 1960, syn. n. (both with Dozocolletus Chevrolat, 1842); and Dedana Fairmaire, 1888, syn. n. (with Orthrius Gorham, 1876). The genera Falsoorthrius Pic, 1940 and Mimorthrius Pic, 1940 are transferred from Clerinae to the subfamily Tillinae.     

Beetles (Coleoptera) associated with the polypore <Emphasis Type="Italic">Daedaleopsis confragosa</Emphasis> (Bolton: Fr.) J. Schrot (Basidiomycetes,Aphyllophorales) in Forests of the Urals and Transurals

The beetle complex associated with Daedaleopsis confragosa (Bolton: Fr.) Schrot. (Basidiomycetes, Aphyllophorales) in the Urals and Transurals is characterized. A total of 54 species of 16 families were found in this complex, the commonest species including Cis comptus Gyll., Sulcacis affinis (Gyll.) (Ciidae), Tritoma subbasalis (Rtt.), Dacne bipustulata Thunb. (Erotylidae), Mycetophagus multipunctatus F., M. piceus (F.) (Mycetophagidae), and Thymalus oblongus Rtt. (Trogossitidae). The main trends of the ecological and trophic specialization of the mycetophilic beetles are discussed; some features of formation of their complexes at different stages of the tree-fungi fruit bodies formation were established.     

Three new species of the Weevil Genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Otiorhynchus</Emphasis> Germ. (Coleoptera,Curculionidae: Entiminae) from the Caucasus

Three new species of the genus Otiorhynchus Germar, 1822 are described from the Caucasus: O. titarenkoi sp. n. in the subgenus Motilacanus Reitter, 1912 and O. dittae sp. n. and O. zierisi sp. n. in the subgenus Eprahenus Reitter, 1912. The incivilis species-group is transferred from the subgenus Choilisanus Reitter, 1912 to the subgenus Eprahenus (new subgeneric placement).     

One the genus Tocama Reitter (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae), with descriptions of two new species from Indochina

Two new species of the Oriental scarab genus Tocama Reitter, 1902, Tocama laosensissp. n. and Tocama procerasp. n., are described from Indochina with diagnoses, distributions, remarks and illustrations. A key to the species of the genus is provided with a checklist with several nomenclatural changes: Hoplosternus tonkinensis Moser, 1913 is transferred to Tocama; Hoplosternus pygidialis Moser, 1915 syn. n., Tocama atra atra Keith, 2006 syn. n. and Tocama atra reichenbachi Keith, 2007 syn. n. = Tocama tonkinensis (Moser).     

The species of the genus Pria Stephens (Goleoptera: Nitidulidae)

Pria Stephens is redefined and distinguished from related genera. A key is provided to the 73 species recognized, including 47 described as new. Pria nigricans Grouvelle, P. ruficollis Grouvelle and P. vicina Grouvelle are newly placed in synonymy, whilst P. nitidior Grouvelle is transferred to the genus Microporellus Endrody-Younga. Lectotypes are designated for 25 nominal species and a neotype is designated for Pria deplanata Reitter.     

A taxonomic revision of Limnobaris Bedel in the strict sense (Coleoptera,Curculionidae, Baridinae), with particular emphasis on the species found in China

The genus name Limnobaris Bedel is applied in a restricted sense to baridine weevils with a covered pygidium and non-prominent, decussate mandibles which occur on sedges in the Palaearctic Region and immediately adjacent parts of tropical Southeast Asia. Calyptopygus Marshall and Pertorcus Voss are syn. n. of Limnobaris. Some species from Africa and the Americas are maintained provisionally in Limnobaris in the widest sense but will need to be transferred to other genera in future studies. A total of eleven species is recognized in Asia, two of which are widespread and occur also in the Western Palaearctic Region. Limnobaris martensi Korotyaev sp. n. is described from Nepal. Pertorcus tibialis basalis Voss is raised to species rank, as L. basalis (stat. prom.). New or reestablished synonyms are L. dolorosa (Goeze) (= L. jucunda Reitter, = L. koltzei Reitter), L. tibialis (Voss) (= Pertorcus tibialis pilifer Voss) and L. t-album (Linnaeus) (= L. bedeli Reitter, = Baridius crocopelmus Gyllenhal, = L. sahlbergi Reitter, = L. scutellaris Reitter, = Baris t-album sculpturata Faust). Calandra uniseriata Dufour is considered a junior synonym of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (syn. n.). A key for identification and a distribution map are provided.