普通小球藻对嗪草酮、骠马和甲草胺的敏感性研究

通过96h的毒性实验,研究了普通小球藻对3种不同作用机制农田常用除草剂嗪草酮、骠马和甲草胺的敏感性．结果表明。在实验条件下,嗪草酮、甲草胺对普通小球藻的毒性随时间的推移有加重趋势。并呈现很好的剂量效应关系;最高抑制生长浓度(嗪草酮0．24mg·L^-1,甲草胺12．8mg·L^-1)处理组的最大比增长率分别为对照组的12．38％和31．58％;骠马低浓度对普通小球藻的抑制作用不明显,并呈一定的生长促进效应,0．08mg·L^-1浓度组普通小球藻最大比增长率为对照组的111．44％,而高浓度则具有明显的生长抑制作用,并随时间推移,毒性逐渐减弱．嗪草酮、骠马和甲草胺的96hEC50分别为0．021、0．937和5．54mg·L^-1．普通小球藻对嗪草酮最敏感。其次为骠马和甲草胺．3种除草剂在实验条件下对普通小球藻叶绿素a含量的影响和对普通小球藻生长的影响相似。表现出较好的剂量．效应关系．     

三聚氰胺对藻类的毒性效应研究

以近头状伪蹄形藻(Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)和斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)为材料,利用藻类生长抑制试验测定了三聚氰胺对藻类的毒性效应。结果表明,三聚氰胺对两种藻的生长存在不同程度的抑制效应,浓度越高,抑制效应越强;对斜生栅藻的毒性效应还随处理时间的延长而增强。以生物量计,三聚氰胺抑制近头状伪蹄形藻和斜生栅藻生长的72h EbC50值分别是537.67和485.17mg/L,均为较低的毒性效应。两种藻的生长率均随处理浓度的增加而逐渐降低;依据估算的EC20和EC10值推断,斜生栅藻对三聚氰胺较为敏感,而且还具有明显的慢性毒性效应。       

四种溢油分散剂对青岛大扁藻和小新月菱形藻细胞密度和叶绿素含量的影响

研究了4 种溢油分散剂对青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis)和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima)细胞密度和叶绿素含量的影响。实验结果表明: DL、GZ、WP 和 GM 4 种溢油分散剂对青岛大扁藻生长的 96 h EC50 值分别是 0.0722、0.1852、0.1889 和 0.7198 g·L–1; 对小新月菱形藻的 96 h EC50 值分别是0.0511、0.2592、0.2939 和 0.5816 g·L–1。对青岛大扁藻的 96 h EC50-chl-a 为 0.0433、0.1325、0.1517 和 0.5121 g·L–1, 96 h EC50-chl-b 为 0.0503、0.1719、0.1212 和 0.3091 g·L–1; 对小新月菱形藻的 96 h EC50-chl-a 为 0.0425、0.1365、0.1470 和 0.4215 g·L–1。随溢油分散剂浓度的增加, 2 种微藻的细胞密度和叶绿素含量显著下降, 呈现显著的剂量-效应关系。根据半数抑制浓度值, 4 种溢油分散剂的毒性大小为DL> GZ>WP> GM。与细胞密度相比, 2 种微藻的叶绿素含量对4 种溢油分散剂更敏感, 更适于作为评判溢油分散剂毒性大小的指标。     

几种染料抑制斜生栅藻生长的毒性效应

运用评价化学品对藻类毒性的标准实验方法,采用直线内插法进行数据处理,分别得到8种常用染料抑制斜生栅藻生长的96h半数效应浓度(96h-EC50),结果表明碱性染料对斜生栅藻的生长有明显的抑制效应,而活性染料对斜生栅藻的急性毒性相对较小;对两种测试参数进行比较,发现作为染料毒性的检测指标,叶绿素a增长率要比细胞数生长量更为敏感,且二者反映染料毒性大小的顺序具有一致性。     

几种染料抑制斜生棚藻生长的毒性效应

运用评价化学品对藻类毒性的标准实验方法,采用直线内插法进行数据处理,分别得到8种常用染料抑制斜生棚藻生长的96h半数效应浓度（96h-EC50),结果表明碱性染料对斜生棚藻的生长有明显的抑制效应,而活性染料对斜生棚藻的急性毒性相对较小;对两种测试参数进行比较,发现作为染料毒性的检测指标,叶绿素a增长率更比细胞数生长量更为敏感,且二者反映染料毒性大小的顺序具有一致性。     

两种新型农药对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus Kütz.)的毒性研究

LY-04和WSQIF是由华中师范大学农药所合成的两种新型有机磷农药,LY-04属于α-氧代膦酸衍生物,WSQIF属于芳氧基乙酰氧基烃基膦酸脂.选用斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus Kütz.)作为实验生物,通过显微计数测定藻细胞的密度以计算LY-04和WSQIF对斜生栅藻24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的半效应抑制浓度(EC50),研究其对斜生栅藻的毒性效应.结果表明以丙酮为溶剂时,每隔24 h取样,测得 LY-04对斜生栅藻的48 h、72 h、96 h的EC50值分别为2 942.5 mg/L、239.7 mg/L和65.0 mg/L,而WSQIF的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的EC50值分别为15.9 mg/L、53.0 mg/L、98.0 mg/L和28.8 mg/L.LY-04和WSQIF分别作为杀虫剂和除草剂而研制,经活体研究表明,LY-04具有较强的杀虫活性,WSQIF则具有很强的除草活性,所得EC50值基本符合设计结果.根据毒性分级标准,LY-04和WSQIF的EC50值远大于3 mg/L,其对非靶生物中的水生藻类都属于低毒,可推广应用.     

两种新型农药对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus Ktz.)的毒性研究

LY-04和WSQIF是由华中师范大学农药所合成的两种新型有机磷农药,LY-04属于α-氧代膦酸衍生物,WSQIF属于芳氧基乙酰氧基烃基膦酸脂。选用斜生栅藻(ScenedesmusobliquusKütz.)作为实验生物,通过显微计数测定藻细胞的密度以计算LY-04和WSQIF对斜生栅藻24h、48h、72h、96h的半效应抑制浓度(EC50),研究其对斜生栅藻的毒性效应。结果表明:以丙酮为溶剂时,每隔24h取样,测得LY-04对斜生栅藻的48h、72h、96h的EC50值分别为2942.5mg/L、239.7mg/L和65.0mg/L,而WSQIF的24h、48h、72h、96h的EC50值分别为15.9mg/L、53.0mg/L、98.0mg/L和28.8mg/L。LY-04和WSQIF分别作为杀虫剂和除草剂而研制,经活体研究表明,LY-04具有较强的杀虫活性,WSQIF则具有很强的除草活性,所得EC50值基本符合设计结果。根据毒性分级标准,LY-04和WSQIF的EC50值远大于3mg/L,其对非靶生物中的水生藻类都属于低毒,可推广应用。     

两种新型农药对斜生栅藻（Scenedesmus obliquus Kuetz．）的毒性研究

LY-04和WSQIF是由华中师范大学农药所合成的两种新型有机磷农药,LY—04属于α-氧代膦酸衍生物,WSQIF属于芳氧基乙酰氧基烃基膦酸脂。选用斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus Kuetz．)作为实验生物,通过显微计数测定藻细胞的密度以计算LY—04和WSQIF对斜生栅藻24h、48h、72h、96h的半效应抑制浓度(EC50),研究其对斜生栅藻的毒性效应。结果表明：以丙酮为溶剂时,每隔24h取样,测得LY—04对斜生栅藻的48h、72h、96h的ECs。值分别为2942．5mg／L、239．7mg／L和65．0mg／L,而WSQIF的24h、48h、72h、96h的EC5。值分别为15．9mg／L、53．0mg／L、98．0mg／L和28．8mg／L。LY—04和WSQIF分别作为杀虫剂和除草剂而研制,经活体研究表明,LY—04具有较强的杀虫活性,WSQIF则具有很强的除草活性,所得EC50。值基本符合设计结果。根据毒性分级标准,LY—04和WSQIF的EC50。值远大于3mg／L,其对非靶生物中的水生藻类都属于低毒,可推广应用。     

用藻类测试技术监测工业废水

用藻类测试技术对南京市18家工厂的21种废水测试结果：10种废水对藻类生长有抑制作用（EC50＝0．44％－81．02％）,这类废水多含重金属污染物,主要来源于冶金、电子、机械、制革行业的工厂,7种废水在低浓度时对藻类有刺激作用（SC20＝0．96％－21．95％）,而高浓度时地有抑制作用（EC50－0．54％－84．21％）,这类废水,除了含有毒性污染物外,还含有营养刺激物质,主要来源于化工、纺织及食品加工行业的工厂,另有2种废水对藻类生长仅表现出明显的刺激作用（SC20＝1．85％和8．93％）,这废水富含生物刺激物,对藻类生长有促进作用。这一结果表明：藻类测试技术不仅可以检测工业废水中由有毒物质引起的毒性效应（EC50）,而且还能检测由生物刺激物引起的生物刺激反应9SC20）。     

余氯对小球藻的影响以及损失评估

滨海电厂和液化天然气(LNG)工程排出的余氯水可能对周边海域浮游植物造成不利的影响,从而成为破坏海洋生态系统平衡的重要因素之一。在实验室条件下研究余氯对浮游植物的抑制作用和造成的损失。余氯抑制试验用小球藻(Chlorella sp.)进行,依据工程余氯排放工况,余氯实验浓度设计为0、0.02、0.05、0.10和0.20 mg/L 5个水平;实验温度为27℃,代表夏季;观察时间分别为0、24、48、72和96h。结果表明:高浓度(0.20mg/L)余氯对小球藻生长有抑制作用,最大值出现在48h时,48h之后抑制作用基本维持在同一水平;低浓度(0.02mg/L)对小球藻有促进作用;0.05mg/L组与0.10mg/L组在实验时间24、48h和72h时表现出余氯对小球藻生长抑制作用,在96h时与对照组藻类生长情况差异不显著。采用积分方程计算累计损失率,参考上海LNG工程2009年9月浮游植物细胞丰度值,计算得出工程余氯排放在72h内所造成的藻类理论损失量为1.97×1012个。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.