中西医结合救治毒蛇咬伤10例

地处雷州半岛北边的北部湾海岸,眼镜蛇、竹叶青蛇是本地区常见毒蛇之一,被咬伤后若处理不妥易引起肢体伤残。我院自１９９４～１９９８年在无抗蛇毒血清的情况下,采用中西医结合手段治愈眼镜蛇咬伤６例,竹叶青蛇咬伤４例,现总结如下。１　临床资料１１　一般资料　１０例毒蛇咬伤患者中,男３例,女７例,年龄最大６２岁,最小３岁。其中眼镜蛇咬伤６例,竹叶青蛇咬伤４例,均是白天在甘蔗地里劳动被咬伤,夏季在甘蔗地里除草与施肥被眼镜蛇咬伤５例,竹叶青蛇咬伤１例,冬季收甘蔗时被眼镜蛇咬伤１例,竹叶青蛇咬伤３例。１０例患者…     

毒蛇咬伤66例药物治疗回顾分析

毒蛇咬伤病例在南方地区较常见,其中以眼镜蛇及银环蛇咬伤为多,占80％左右．其余依次为五步蛇、蝰蛇、竹叶青蛇、烙铁头蛇、眼镜王蛇、金环蛇、海蛇、蝮蛇。而一旦被毒蛇咬伤,病情凶险复杂．必须及时救治。本文对我院2007～2008年度收治的66例毒蛇咬伤病例作回顾性分析。     

眼镜蛇咬伤致急性肾功能衰竭救治1例报告

<正>眼镜蛇又名"扁头风"、"扁颈蛇",是我国分布较广的剧毒蛇之一。据有关资料统计,眼镜蛇咬伤发病率仅次于蝮蛇咬伤,居第二位,占总发病的16.68%,病死率高达1.6%[1]。由于眼镜蛇咬伤中毒病情急,发展变化快,临床表现多样,如不及时救治极易导致局部坏死和多器官功能障碍。现作者就1例眼镜蛇咬伤致急性肾功能衰竭救治体会报告如下。     

236例毒蛇咬伤胰（或糜）蛋白酶治疗分析

我院1976～1998年,共收治蛇咬伤患者288例。288例中确诊为毒蛇咬伤236例,占81.9%。其中竹叶青蛇咬伤143例;银环蛇咬伤49例;眼镜蛇咬伤9例;眼镜王蛇咬伤13例;烙铁头咬伤7例;蝮蛇咬伤8例;蝰蛇咬伤7例。病情轻中型139例;重症型93例;危重型4例。我们对236例患者采用胰(或糜)蛋白酶局部封闭的方法治疗,对重症型和危重型患者辅以综合支持治疗,效果满意,现分析报道如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　(1)胰蛋白酶治疗124例。男性82例,女性42例;年龄2～82岁,平均27岁。病情轻中型72例,重症型50例,危重型2例。蛇伤种类:竹叶青蛇咬伤72例,银环蛇咬伤28例…     

蛇毒与急性肺损伤的研究进展

据有关部门统计,全世界蛇类有2700多种,其中毒蛇有600多种。我国的蛇类有200多种,其中毒蛇类有50多种,包括10多种剧毒蛇如眼镜王蛇、金环蛇、眼镜蛇、五步蛇、银环蛇、蝰蛇、蝮蛇、竹叶青、烙铁头、海蛇等,咬伤人后能致人于死亡。在我国,蛇伤病人较常见,     

222例血循毒和混合毒毒蛇咬伤患者的凝血功能分析

目的探讨血循毒和混合毒毒蛇咬伤患者凝血功能与致伤蛇种及就诊时间的相关性。方法对我院2010年7月～2012年7月收治的222例毒蛇咬伤患者的凝血功能(凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间、纤维蛋白原)及致伤蛇种、就诊时间进行回顾性分析。结果 (1)我院蛇伤(血循毒和混合毒)患者以竹叶青蛇、烙铁头蛇、五步蛇、眼镜蛇为常见,少数为乡城烙铁头蛇、白头蝰蛇、眼镜王蛇,其它蛇伤罕见。(2)五步蛇伤早期(6h内)容易出现凝血功能障碍。(3)除五步蛇、蝰蛇外,其它血循毒和混合毒毒蛇咬伤6h后就诊者凝血功能障碍机率高。结论我院蛇伤以竹叶青蛇、烙铁头蛇、五步蛇、眼镜蛇咬伤常见,五步蛇咬伤早期(6h内)易出现凝血功能障碍,其它血循毒、混合毒毒蛇咬伤6h后凝血功能障碍率高;早期凝血功能障碍对五步蛇咬伤有诊断参考价值。     

蛇毒与细胞因子研究进展

全世界共有蛇类2500余种,其中毒蛇约650余种,估计每年被毒蛇咬伤的人数在30万以上,死亡率约为10％。我国蛇类有160余种,其中毒蛇约有50余种。剧毒、危害剧大的有10种,如眼镜蛇王、金环蛇、眼镜蛇、五步蛇、银环蛇、蝰蛇、蝮蛇、竹叶青、烙铁头、海蛇等,咬伤后能致人于死亡。我国两广地区蛇害严重,每年蛇咬伤的发病率约为25/10000。蛇毒的成分比较复杂．主要由蛋白质、多肽类和多种酶类组成。蛇毒对机体的作用比较复杂,按其有毒成分的毒理作用可分为神经毒、血循环毒和混合毒三类。银环蛇、金环蛇、海蛇的蛇毒主要含神经毒,其主要作用特点为通过多种不同的方式阻断神经一肌肉接头的冲动传递而导致呼吸肌麻痹,是蛇伤致死的主要原因;蝰蛇、五步蛇、烙铁头和竹叶青的蛇毒主要含血循环毒,包括心脏毒、凝血毒、溶血毒、蛋白水解酶、透明质酸酶等;眼镜王蛇等蛇毒属于混合毒,此类蛇毒既含神经毒成分,又含血循环毒成分。     

介入栓塞救治竹叶青蛇咬伤致肝破裂1例报告

<正>肝破裂出血好发于腹部外伤或肝癌瘤体破裂。而毒蛇咬伤尤其是竹叶青蛇咬伤引起的肝破裂出血、腹腔大出血的病例在国内外罕见类似报道。我科于2015年2月7日收治1例竹叶青蛇咬伤引起肝破裂出血、腹腔大出血且存在外科手术止血困难的危重患者,经采用常规毒蛇咬伤危重症救治方法联合介入方法抢救成功,现报告如下。1临床资料患者,女,44岁,农民,因"左手背竹叶青蛇咬伤6天、腹痛1天"于2015年2月7日0:30由外院转入我科。患者于     

中西医结合治疗毒蛇咬伤3861例

宜春市地处江西中西部 ,辖区 1 0个县市 ,人口 5 2 0万 ,属田少多丘地区 ,气候温和 ,雨量充沛 ,适宜各种蛇类生长繁殖 ,已发现 1 0种主要毒蛇中的 8种 (蝮蛇、五步蛇、眼镜蛇、蝰蛇、竹叶青、烙铁头、银环蛇、眼镜王蛇 ) ,全年均有蛇伤病例发生 ,属蛇伤高发区。毒蛇咬伤是我市广大农村常见病 ,其病情危重 ,病死率较高。 1 3年来 ,我院应用中西医结合治疗毒蛇咬伤 3861例 ,现将救治体会总结如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　本组 3861例 ,男 2 1 0 3例 ,女1 75 8例 ;农民 2 676例 ,占 69.3% ,学生及学龄前儿童 693例 ,占 1 7.9% ,蛇贩和捕蛇…     

舟山眼镜蛇咬伤的中医药治疗进展

舟山眼镜蛇为中国常见剧毒蛇之一,其咬伤致残率较高.随着舟山眼镜蛇咬伤研究的不断深入,中医药治疗舟山眼镜蛇咬伤的临床诊疗技术不断提高.本文就近年来对舟山眼镜蛇咬伤中医辨证论治、中医药治疗、中西医结合救治的相关成果进行概括与综述.     

Antibiotics in the treatment of wounds in the victims of the earthquake in the Armenian SSR

Purulent wounds in 88 victims of the Armenian earthquake with the syndrome of long-term squeezing were examined microbiologically and the experience with using antimicrobial drugs for their treatment was analyzed. In all the cases microbial associations were detected, coliform and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, enterococci, anaerobes and yeast-like fungi being isolated from 80, 20, 15 and 25 per cent of the patients respectively. 130 bacterial strains were studied in detail. 80 to 100 per cent of the bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotics routinely used in surgical practice, i.e. benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, levomycetin, kanamycin, cephalothin and cefazolin and highly sensitive to new antimicrobial drugs belonging to ureidopenicillins (mezlocillin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin) and cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (cefoperazone and ceftazidime). Retrospective estimation of the antibiotic therapy revealed its inadequacy in 55.7 per cent of the patients for the most part because of the isolates resistance. The 19 variants of the antibiotic use prescribed by the physicians mainly included penicillins, aminoglycosides and their combinations (in 67.2 per cent of the cases). The use of the highly efficient drugs of the groups of ureidopenicillins and quinolones was extremely rare which was likely due to lacking of information on the drugs.     

Changes in the size of the nucleoli of the Purkinje cells in the canine cerebellum in the postresuscitation period

The changes in the size of Purkinje cell (PC) nucleolus in the lateral and medial cerebellum zones were studied in dogs with different degree of neurologic status recovery after clinical death of various etiology and duration. PC always possess one nucleolus in the control and experimental groups. In the case of complete neurologic status recovery of animals the area of PC nucleolus increases in both zones studied, irrespective of the cause of clinical death. In the case of neurologic disorders the increase in PC nucleolus area is clearly expressed only in the medial zone of the cerebellum, being insignificant in the lateral zone. It is suggested that adaptive characteristics of PC are distinct in the two compared zones, which leads to greater PC vulnerability in the lateral zone during deep hypoxia.     

Histogenesis of the taste buds of the vallate papilla in the in the rat in the postnatal stages of development

The developing taste buds of vallate papillae were studied with electron microscope in rats during the first 7 days after birth. Two types of cells--light and dark--are identified in the taste buds of a one day old animal. The apical parts of dark cells are characterized by numerous dark granules. A distinguishing feature of light cells is the presence of synaptic contacts with afferent intragemmal nerves. On the 4th day of development on the top of the apical parts of the cell, a microvillar apparatus is seen to form, which does not yet communicate with the oral cavity. On the 7th day, basal cells appear in the taste buds. Some of these cells are seen mitotically dividing. The differentiated microvillar apparatus now communicates with oral cavity. The structure of the taste buds is getting similar to that in the adults. The structural and functional peculiarities of the developing taste buds are discussed in association with the period of ontogenesis under consideration.     

On the role of the pineal in thermoregulation in the pigeon

Diurnal rhythm in body temperature of pigeons subjected to different experimental conditions (pinealectomized, sham-operated, melatonin-implanted, cold-exposed) was studied under a 12 h light and 12 h dark regimen. The body temperature of pigeons during photophase was higher than that during scotophase in the normal as well as every treatment group studied. Pinealectomized pigeons showed higher body temperature in the photophase as well as scotophase, than that of the normal and sham-operated birds when examined 2 or 3 weeks following the post-surgical acclimatization to 25 or 3 degrees C. However, subcutaneous implantation of melatonin pellets into pinealectomized pigeons nullified or even reversed the hyperthermic effect of pinealectomy. Exposure of pigeons to--18 degrees C for 280 min during photophase as well as scotophase, produced a marked drop in body temperature in pinealectomized, sham-operated and normal pigeons. The pinealectomized pigeons exhibited a higher body temperature than that of the sham-operated and normal ones when exposed to--18 degrees C during the photophase, but not during the scotophase. It was concluded that while the pineal is not necessary for maintaining the daily thermal rhythm in the avian body, it has a thermoregulatory role, in that it prevents rise in body temperature in warm (25 degrees C) acclimatized and chronic cold (3 degrees C) exposed birds. In acute short-term cold (--18 degrees C) exposure however, the temperature regulatory role of the pineal was not effective during the scotophase.     

Frequency of the stages in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat

This study determined the optimum number of tubules to be counted per testis cross section, and the number of animals per treatment group, when changes in stage frequencies in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium are criteria for assessing effects of treatment on spermatogenesis. A data base of 9,672 observed and staged tubules was collected from testicular cross sections of 15 Sprague-Dawley rats. A significant variation between animals was found for the frequencies of Stages I, II, IV, VI, VIII, and XIII. Computer simulation was used to randomly select different combinations of animal and tubule numbers from the observed data. Stage frequency means from each simulation experiment were compared statistically to observed mean frequencies. A model that used data from all 14 stages was analyzed. The following conclusions were made: a) a minimum of 200 tubule cross sections/testis is recommended for estimating stage frequencies; b) for a fixed number of tubules scored, the number of animals sampled is more important than the number of tubules per animal in reducing variance; c) to detect a difference of 2 standard deviations from the mean with a 2% error rate and examining 200 tubules/testis, at least 12 animals must be used per group when assessing all 14 stages; d) when individual stages are examined using 10 animals per group, only Stage VII has 80% or greater power of test (alpha = 0.05) to detect a frequency difference; e) pooling stages into 3-4 groups is recommended to improve the power of detecting a treatment difference.