腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与开腹手术对子宫肌瘤患者内分泌状态、免疫功能和预后的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与开腹手术对子宫肌瘤患者内分泌状态、免疫功能和预后的影响。方法:选取2014年1月～2019年1月期间我院收治的子宫肌瘤患者90例,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组(n=44)和B组(n=46),A组予以开腹手术,B组予以腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术,比较两组患者临床指标、内分泌状态、免疫功能、并发症及预后。结果:两组手术时间对比未见统计学差异(P0.05);B组术中出血量少于A组,住院时间、术后肛门排气恢复时间短于A组(P0.05)。两组术后1个月卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成激素(LH)均较术前升高,雌二醇(E2)较术前降低(P0.05);B组术后1个月FSH、LH低于A组,E2则高于A组(P0.05)。两组术后1 d CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均较术前降低,但B组高于A组(P0.05);CD8~+较术前升高,但B组低于A组(P0.05)。B组的并发症发生率低于A组(P0.05)。两组子宫形态正常率、复发率、月经转归正常率对比无差异(P0.05)。结论:与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术可明显减轻对子宫肌瘤患者机体内分泌状态、免疫功能的损害,促进患者术后恢复,减少并发症发生情况,同时还可获得与开腹手术相当的近期预后。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与传统开腹手术比较分析

目的:分析腹腔镜结直肠癌根治手术与传统开腹术治疗结直肠癌的临床效果,探讨腹腔镜手术的特点及优势,为临床外科手术提供参考。方法:选择2009年7月至2013年5月在我院进行腹腔镜手术的186例结直肠癌患者的临床资料进行分析,并与择期接受开腹手术的181例结直肠癌患者的临床效果进行对比。比较两组患者的平均手术时间、平均术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、平均住院时间及并发症的发生率等。结果:与传统手术组相比,腹腔镜组患者的平均手术时间短、平均术中出血量少、术后肛门排气时间早、平均住院时间短,差异显著且具有统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组患者术后出现下肢静脉血栓1例、皮下气肿9例、高碳酸血症8例,并发症的发生率为7.14%;传统手术组术后出现切口感染10例、消化道出血13例,吻合口漏11例、并发症的发生率为12.90%。腹腔镜根治术患者术后并发症的发生率明显低于传统开腹手术组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组患者的平均住院时间为(8.34±2.12)天,明显短于传统开腹手术组的(11.58±1.98)天,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有很好的临床效果,术中出血少、术后恢复快,能够减少手术对患者机体造成的损伤,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床应用分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床效果及安全性。方法:回顾性分析在我院行腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术的患者68例(实验组)及同期行腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的患者58例(对照组)的临床资料,比较其临床表现、术中出血量、手术时间,术后最高体温、术后应用抗生素时间、住院时间。结果:实验组术中出血量、术后应用抗生素时间、住院平均时间均显著优于对照组(P0.05);手术时间较对照组长(P0.05);两组术后放置引流、术后最高体温比较无差异(P0.05)。多发、直径≥5 cm的肌瘤腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术术中出血、手术时间较单发、直径5 cm的肌瘤(P0.05)显著增加(P0.05),肌瘤部位对术中出血及手术时间无影响(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术术中出血量少,术后恢复快,术中出血及手术时间与肌瘤类型及大小有关,与肌瘤部位无关,是一种治疗子宫肌瘤安全、有效的术式。     

腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌的临床疗效对比分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌的临床效果,比较腹腔及与传统开腹术的优势,为临床研究提供可借鉴的方法。方法:对2008年5月至2012年7月在我院接受肠癌切除术的62例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据手术方式的不同,将患者分为腹腔镜组(33例)和开腹组(29例),分别采取腹腔镜手术和传统开腹手术治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、出血量、术后排气时间、并发症、平均住院时间及住院费用等。结果:腹腔镜组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、平均住院时间均明显优于开腹组患者(P0.05);腹腔镜组术后无并发症,开腹组11例出现并发症,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的住院费用无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有很好的临床效果,术中出血少、术后恢复快,能够减少手术对患者机体造成的损伤,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜与阴式子宫肌瘤剔除术临床疗效比较

目的观察比较腹腔镜与阴式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法符合手术指征的90例子宫肌瘤患者分为腹腔镜组和阴式组（每组45例）,比较疗效。结果二组疗效相似,且术后无并发症发生,住院时问相当。阴式组手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、住院费用明显低于腹腔镜组。结论与腹腔镜手术相比,经阴道手术直视下操作精确、快捷,价格低廉,适应症宽。但由于阴道空间狭窄,易损伤邻近脏器。临床应根据不同情况选择不同的手术方法,达到满意的治疗效果。     

腹腔镜胆囊摘除术与传统开腹手术治疗急性胆囊炎的临床疗效对比

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊摘除术与传统开腹手术在急性胆囊炎的临床疗效。方法:选取我院2013年3月至2014年3月期间收治的急性胆囊炎患者100例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组50例。对照组采用传统开腹手术治疗,实验组采用腹腔镜胆囊摘除术(LC)治疗。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、临床疗效、住院时间、胃肠道恢复情况及术后并发症的发生率等。结果:与对照组比较,实验组患者术中出血量少、手术时间短,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,实验组患者术后肠道功能恢复时间及下床活动时间均较早,且住院时间较短,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组总有效率(94.0%)高于对照组(82.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组患者不良反应发生率(24.0%)低于对照组(52.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊摘除术对于改善急性胆囊炎患者的治疗效果具有积极作用,出血少损伤小,术后恢复好,适于在临床上进一步推广和应用。     

腹腔镜与开腹子宫肌瘤切除术的临床对比研究

分析和比较腹腔镜和开腹子宫肌瘤切除术两种治疗方法的临床效果。方法:对100例腹腔镜和开腹子宫肌瘤切除术患者的临床治疗和治疗效果进行分析和比较。结果:腹腔镜后患者的质量效果比开腹子宫肌瘤切除术两组患者治疗后的治疗效果更加明显,并且住院时间也更短。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术具有创伤小和疼痛小等优点。因此,研究腹腔镜和开腹子宫肌瘤切除术的临床对比具有非常重大的意义。     

腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剥出术31例临床研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剥出术的临床效果及应用价值。方法：收集我院2009年4月至2010年5月行腹腔镜下肌瘤剥出术31例的临床资料,并与同期25例传统开腹肌瘤剥出术做对照,比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后并发症发生率及术后平均住院日。结果：实验组术中出血量、术后体温恢复正常时间、术后排气时间、术后并发症发生率及术后平均住院日与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论：腹腔镜下肌瘤剥出术不仅优于传统开腹术,也优于传统开腹肌瘤剥出术手术,选择适应证和掌握熟练的操作技巧是手术成功的关键。     

腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剥出术31例临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剥出术的临床效果及应用价值。方法:收集我院2009年4月至2010年5月行腹腔镜下肌瘤剥出术31例的临床资料,并与同期25例传统开腹肌瘤剥出术做对照,比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后并发症发生率及术后平均住院日。结果:实验组术中出血量、术后体温恢复正常时间、术后排气时间、术后并发症发生率及术后平均住院日与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下肌瘤剥出术不仅优于传统开腹术,也优于传统开腹肌瘤剥出术手术,选择适应证和掌握熟练的操作技巧是手术成功的关键。.     

肥胖病人急性阑尾炎腹腔镜手术与开腹手术临床效果比较分析

目的分析对肥胖急性阑尾炎病人实施腹腔镜阑尾切除与开腹阑尾切除的临床治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院2007年1月至2011年12月期间腹腔镜阑尾切除与开腹阑尾切除相关资料。结果实施腹腔镜阑尾切除手术病人的总体并发症发生率与致死率均较低,住院时间较短,住院费用较少,两种方法相比差异显著,具有统计学意义。结论对于肥胖病人实施腹腔镜阑尾切除手术比实施开腹阑尾切除手术更为安全可靠,疗效更好,不论阑尾炎是否穿孔,腹腔镜阑尾切除手术应作为首选方法。     

胆结石应用腹腔镜与小切口手术切除胆囊治疗的临床效果分析

目的探讨腹腔镜与小切口手术切除胆囊治疗胆结石的临床疗效。方法选取2014~2015年我院收治的胆结石患者100例,随机分为对照组和观察组各50例,对照组患者采用小切口手术切除胆囊治疗,观察组患者行腹腔镜手术切除胆囊治疗,比较分析两组患者的临床效果。结果观察组术中出血量、手术时间、肠道功能恢复时间、住院时间及术后并发症发生率均有明显优势,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组治疗总有效率为96%,对照组为84%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)结论采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆结石患者,能明显提高临床疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

子宫内膜异位症患者免疫调节Th17细胞及Treg细胞的表达意义

目的探究子宫内膜异位症患者免疫调节Th17细胞及Treg细胞的表达意义。 方法选取2017年1月至2018年12月青岛大学附属医院收治患有子宫内膜异位症的患者,为子宫内膜异位组（EMT组）,选取同一时期在医院因不孕不育进行腹腔镜检查的患者,为正常组（NM组）,两组分别56例。EMT组和NM组患者在一般资料上差异无统计学意义。通过流式细胞仪、HE染色法、qRT-PCR法、ELISA法分析EMT组和NM组患者Th17、Treg细胞所占比例、子宫内膜组织病变情况、ROR-γt、Foxp3 mRNA表达含量的差异性来探究子宫内膜异位症患者Th17细胞及Treg细胞变化。实验结果用 ±s表示,并采用独立样本t检验进行比较。 结果EMT组患者CD4⁺ T细胞中Th17所占比例为5.48±2.81,Treg所占比例为4.22±1.04,NM组Th17所占比例为2.34±1.01,Treg所占比例为6.14±1.52,差异均有统计学意义（t = 7.869,3.015,P = 0.014,0.026）。EMT组患者血清中IL-17水平为（256.38±34.15）?pg/ ml、IL-22为（67.48±10.89）?pg/ml,NM组患者血清中IL-17水平为（198.04±27.59）?pg/ml、IL-22为（43.78±6.92）?pg/ml,差异均有统计学意义（t = 9.944,4.689,P = 0.008,0.017）。EMT组患者血清中IL-10水平为（18.56±4.77）?pg/ml、TGF-β为（148.28±40.52） pg/ ml,NM组患者血清中IL-10水平为（28.35±6.07）pg/ml、TGF-β为（204.78±19.87）pg/ml,差异均有统计学意义（t = 9.491,2.849,P = 0.012,0.034）。EMT组患者子宫内膜组织形态不规则,多数细胞不完整,破损或缺失,且炎性细胞增多,在其周围聚集。NM组患者子宫内膜组织形态规则,细胞没有明显破损或缺失,未见细胞周围炎性因子增多。qRT-PCR检测结果显示,EMT组和NM组ROR-γ mRNA分别为2.89±0.76、1.71±0.26,EMT组和NM组Foxp3 mRNA分别为2.25±0.34、1.13±0.18,两组差异均有统计学意义（t = 10.996,6.759,P = 0.006,0.011）。 结论子宫内膜异位症患者外周血免疫调节细胞Th17/Treg平衡失调,免疫调节紊乱与子宫内膜异位发生、发展有密切关系。     

腹腔镜下钛夹法治疗阑尾炎的疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜下钛夹法治疗阑尾炎的疗效。方法选取我院收治的阑尾炎患者64例,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各32例,对照组给予传统开腹手术治疗,观察组给予腹腔镜下钛夹法治疗,观察两组手术效果及并发症发生情况。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、切口大小及并发症发生率均优于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下钛夹法治疗阑尾炎的疗效确切,能够加快患者的康复进程,提高患者的生活质量。     

Oxygen-derived free radicals and hemolysis during open heart surgery

Reperfusion injury occurs during open-heart surgery after prolonged cardioplegic arrest. Cardiopulmonary bypass also is known to cause hemolysis. Since reperfusion of ischemic myocardium is associated with the generation of oxygen free radicals, and since free radicals can attack a protein molecule, it seems reasonable to assume that hemolysis might be the consequence of free radical attack on hemoglobin protein. The results of this study demonstrated that reperfusion following ischemic arrest caused an increase in free hemoglobin and free heme concentrations, simultaneously releasing free iron and generating hydroxyl radicals. In vitro studies using pure hemoglobin indicated that superoxide anion generated by the action of xanthine oxidase on xanthine could release iron from the heme ring and cause deoxygenation of oxyhemoglobin into ferrihemoglobin. This study further demonstrated that before the release of iron from the heme nucleus, oxyhemoglobin underwent deoxygenation to ferrihemoglobin. The released iron can catalyze the Fenton reaction, leading to the formation of cytotoxic hydroxyl radical (OH·). In fact, the formation of OH. in conjunction with hemolysis occurs during cardiac surgery, and when viewed in the light of the in vitro results, it seems likely that oxygen-derived free radicals may cause hemolysis during cardiopulmonary bypass and simultaneously release iron from the heme ring, which can catalyze the formation of OH·.     

后腹腔镜保留肾单位手术术式对术肾肾功能的影响

目的：探讨后腹腔镜保留肾单位手术（LNSS）术式对术肾肾功能的影响。方法：2009年1月-2010年12月行经后腹膜途径腹腔镜保留肾单位手术例26。男16例,女10例。随访时间〉1年的有18例。年龄40-70岁。肾细胞癌23例,肾嫌色细胞癌2例,肾平滑肌瘤1例。肿瘤直径2.6-3.2cm,平均2.9cm。所有患者术中阻断肾动脉,剪刀切除肿瘤。术中肾动脉阻断时间20-30min,平均26.4分钟。分别于术前、术后2周、术后3月、术后1年测定双肾显像、血清肌酐、血清胱抑素。结果：18例患者术肾术前GFR及占总GFR的比例分别为53.2±7.8 ml/min和50.7±3.6%,术后两周GFR及占总GFR的比例分别为31.2±8.9 ml/min和35.8±5.8%,术后3月GFR及占总GFR的比例分别为34.7±8.6 ml/min和38.4±5.3%,术后1年GFR及占总GFR的比例分别为41.1±9.7 ml/min和43.2±6.2%。血清肌酐及血清胱抑素术前术后对比因为受对侧肾功能的影响不能反映对分肾功能的影响。结论：LNSS术式对于直径小于4cm的肾早期肿瘤是切实可行的。     

The effect of analgesics and physical therapy on respiratory function after open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy

In this study we present prospective clinical trial included 100 patients. One half of the patients underwent open cholecystectomy, whereas laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in the other half Spirometric parameters, arterial blood gases, acid-base balance, were determined preoperatively, and then at 6 h, 24 h, 72 h and 144 h postoperatively. The impact of physical therapy on the respiratory parameter patterns, VAS-pain score and use of tramadol were studied after cholecystectomy. Significantly lower VAS-pain score and less tramadol use, higher values and faster recovery of ventilation parameters and PaO2 were recorded after laparoscopic cholecystectomy than after open cholecystectomy (p = 0.001 for both). Physical therapy resulted in a significant improvement in the values of respiratory parameters in the open cholecystectomy group within a short time (30 min) after therapy was performed. Physical therapy failed to produce any improvement of respiratory parameters in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, whereas in open cholecystectomy group who had a favorable although transient effect, strictly limited to the short time from its application. (p = 0.005). The patients operated on by open cholecystectomy had statistically significantly more pronounced disturbances including hypoxia, hypocapnia and hyperventilation when compared to the group submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It is recommended that physical therapy be more frequently performed during the postoperative period in patients submitted to open cholecystectomy.     

高龄患者腹腔镜直肠癌根治术不同麻醉方法的比较

目的观察比较3种麻醉方法对高龄腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者的呼吸循环功能和麻醉效果的影响。方法将45例高龄腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者随机分成3组,每组15例。EA组,连续硬膜外阻滞麻醉组;GA组,静吸复合全身麻醉组;EGA组,小剂量硬膜外阻滞复合静吸全身麻醉组。观察3组麻醉开始前(T0)、麻醉诱导期(T1)、气管插管时(T2)、拔除气管导管时(T3)的HR、SBP、DBP、MAP、PETCO2、ECG,GA组与EGA组同时监测异氟醚MAC、气道压、手术结束自主呼吸恢复时间、自主呼吸潮气量达标、拔管时间、肌松情况及患者麻醉苏醒时间。结果 EA组有13例麻醉效果优良,SpO295%,PETCO2维持在正常范围;EGA组术毕自主呼吸恢复时间、潮气量达标、拔管时间均明显短于GA组(P0.01)。EA组在麻醉10～15 min后血压下降程度与GA组、EGA组麻醉诱导期血压下降相似(P0.05),EGA组在气管插管/拔管期血压波动不明显,而GA组血压显著升高(P0.01);EA组与GA组麻醉效果相似,EGA组麻醉效果优于GA组(P0.05)。结论 EGA组椎管内局麻药用量、全麻维持药用量、肌松药用量等均相应减少,呼吸循环功能较为稳定,术毕麻醉苏醒快,自主呼吸恢复和潮气量达标迅速,多数患者术毕即可拔除气管导管,是高龄腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者理想的麻醉方法。     

In‐vitro investigations on laser‐induced smoke generation mimicking the laparoscopic laser surgery purposes

Intraoperative smoke‐generation limits the quality of vision during laparoscopic/endoscopic laser‐assisted surgeries. The current study aimed at the evaluation of factors affecting this phenomenon. As a first step, a suitable experimental setup and a test tissue model were established for this investigation. The experimental setup is composed of a specific sample container, a laser therapy component suitable for the ablation of model tissue at different treatment wavelengths (λ = 980 nm, 1350 nm, 1470 nm), a suction unit providing continuous smoke extraction, and a detection unit for smoke quantification via detection of light (λ = 633 nm) scattered from smoke particles. The ablation rate (AR) was calculated by dividing the ablated volume by the ablation time (60 sec). The laser‐induced scattering signal intensity of the smoke (SI) was determined from time‐charts of the signal intensity as a measure for vision, in addition a delay‐time t_delay could be derived defining the onset of SI after the laser was switched on. The ratio SI/AR is used as a measure for smoke generation in relation to the ablation rate. Additionally the light transmission of the tissue samples was used to estimate their optical properties. In this set‐up, smoke generation using λ = 980 nm as ablation laser wavelength was detected after a delay‐time t_delay = (121.6 ± 24.8) sec which is significantly longer compared to the wavelengths λ = 1350 nm with t_delay = (89.8 ± 19.3) sec and λ = 1470 nm with t_delay = (24.7 ± 5.4) sec. Thus, the delay

Experimental set‐up consisting of sample container, laser therapy component, suction unit and scattered‐light detection compartment. time is wavelength‐dependent. The SI/AR ratio was significantly different (p < 0.001) for 1470 nm irradiation compared to 980 nm irradiation [SI/AR(1470) = (11.8 ± 2.6) · 10³ vs. SI/AR(980) = (8.6 ± 2.0) · 10³]. The ablation crater for 980 nm irradiation was comparable with 1470 nm irradiation, but the coagulation rim was thicker in the 980 nm case. In conclusion, it could be shown experimentally that smoke‐generation depends on the wavelength used for laser ablation.     

腹腔镜下小儿疝气手术的护理干预及效果分析

目的分析腹腔镜下小儿疝气手术的护理干预方法及效果。方法选取2015年6月~2016年5月我院收治的98例腹腔镜下小儿疝气手术患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各49例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组给予针对性护理干预,观察比较两组治疗效果及并发症发生情况。结果观察组患儿的下床活动时间、住院时间与术后疼痛水平均优于对照组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患儿术后牵拉疼痛、尿潴留与切口感染等并发症发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下小儿疝气手术配合针对性护理干预有助于促进病情恢复、预防并发症的发生,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Effect of transverse thoracic muscle plane block on postoperative cognitive dysfunction after open cardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial

The transversus thoracis muscle plane (TTMP) block provides effective analgesia in cardiac surgery patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether bilateral TTMP blocks can reduce the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. A group of 103 patients were randomly divided into the TTM group (n = 52) and the PLA (placebo) group (n = 51). The primary endpoint was the incidence of POCD at 1 week after surgery. Secondary outcome measures included a reduction of intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) >20% from baseline, intraoperative and postoperative sufentanil consumption, length of stay in the ICU, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), time to first faeces, postoperative pain at 24 h after surgery, time to extubation and the length of hospital stay. Interleukin (IL)-6, TNF-α, S-100β, insulin, glucose and insulin resistance were measured at before induction of anaesthesia, 1, 3and 7 days after surgery. The MoCA scores were significantly lower and the incidence of POCD decreased significantly in TTM group compared with PLA group at 7 days after surgery. Perioperative sufentanil consumption, the incidence of PONV and intraoperative MAP reduction >20% from baseline, length of stay in the ICU, postoperative pain at 24 h after surgery, time to extubation and the length of hospital stay were significantly decreased in the TTM group. Postoperatively, IL-6, TNF-α, S-100β, HOMA-IR, insulin, glucose levels increased and the TTM group had a lower degree than the PLA group at 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery. In summary, bilateral TTMP blocks could improve postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.