护理干预对氯胺酮相关性膀胱炎的影响分析

目的 探讨护理干预对滥用氯胺酮(K粉)所致相关性膀胱炎患者的治疗效果.方法 将我科收治的15例K粉相关性膀胱炎患者在药物治疗基础上实行积极有效的护理干预,并通过治疗前后抑郁与焦虑的心理评分分析患者的生活质量有无改善.结果 15例患者在药物治疗基础上实行积极有效的护理干预后症状均有所改善,患者抑郁与焦虑的心理评分也明显改善,差异有显著性(P<0.001).结论 K粉所致相关性膀胱炎患者经过有效的治疗和护理干预,能明显改善患者负性心理状况,缓解膀胱炎症状,随访6个月均无复吸现象.     

腺性膀胱炎手术诊治现状

腺性膀胱炎的相关病因以及发病机制仍存在争议,多数研究认为该病在长期慢性刺激下形成尿路上皮增生引起化生性病变.目前,临床治疗腺性膀胱炎的措施较多,但不同学者对各种治疗方法的意见不尽相同.本文旨在对腺性膀胱炎相关治疗方案进行阐述,为临床诊治提供参考.     

腺性膀胱炎及膀胱癌中livin 和caspase-9 的表达

目的:研究在腺行膀胱炎(cystitis glandularis,CG)以及膀胱癌(bladder carcinoma,BC)中livin和caspase-9的表达,探讨腺性膀胱炎与膀胱癌可能存在的关系。方法:收集哈尔滨医科大学附属第三医院2014年1月~2014年10月住院患者60例组织石蜡标本,应用SP(streptavidin-perosidase)法检测livin和caspase-9在腺性膀胱炎组织(30例)、膀胱癌组织(30例)和正常组织(30例)中的表达。结果:正常膀胱、CG和BC组织中livin阳性表达率分别为0/30,9/30(30%)和14/30(46.67%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);caspase-9在正常膀胱、CG和BC组织中的阳性表达率分别20/30(66.67%),15/30(50%),3/30(10%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腺性膀胱炎可能是正常膀胱组织向膀胱腺癌发展的一个中间阶段,在CG向BC发展过程中livin和caspase-9的异常表达具有普遍性,临床上应积极治疗并密切随访,并可将livin和caspase-9作为诊断早期膀胱癌的检测指标。     

豚鼠腺性膀胱炎模型的建立及尿流动力学的检查

目的探讨豚鼠腺性膀胱炎动物模型的建立方法及尿流动力学检查方法。方法将28只雌性豚鼠分三组：正常对照组、生理盐水对照组和造模组。用膀胱内灌注大肠杆菌的方法制作腺性膀胱炎动物模型,7周后行尿流动力学检查及病理检测。结果尿流动力学检查发现造模组豚鼠储尿期逼尿肌不稳定发生率较正常对照组及生理盐水对照组显著增多（P〈0.001）;正常对照组无腺性膀胱炎病变,生理盐水对照组出现腺性膀胱炎1例,造模组出现7例,造模组与另外两组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,正常对照组与生理盐水对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论膀胱内灌注大肠杆菌可导致腺性膀胱炎,这证实了细菌感染是腺性膀胱炎的病因之一,同时为临床上的抗感染治疗提供了理论依据。此方法可用于建立腺性膀胱炎的动物模型。同时确立了腺性膀胱炎动物模型尿流动力学检查方法。     

中西医结合治疗肾性高血压30例临床观察

高血压是肾脏疾病的常见表现。由肾脏疾病(肾血管或肾实质性病变 )引起的高血压 ,即肾性高血压 ,它属于继发性高血压 ,在继发性高血压中占第一位。肾性高血压是促使肾功能进一步损伤的重要因素。因此 ,及时控制肾性高血压是防止肾脏疾病恶化及导致肾功能衰竭发生的关键 ,而且对减少心脑血管并发症也有一定意义。通过对 2 0 0 0年 5月～ 2 0 0 3年 5月本院肾病专科门诊及住院的 30例肾性高血压患者进行回顾性总结。采用益气活血、滋阴补肾中药配合西药降压治疗肾性高血压 ,收到较好的效果 ,并与对照组(单纯西药组 ) 1 8例比较 ,差异有显著性 …     

中西医保守治疗单纯性粘连性肠梗阻的疗效观察

单纯性粘连性肠梗阻在临床上比较常见,可反复发作.因此,长期以来,对该病的预防、诊断及治疗一直是腹部外科中的棘手问题[1].多数患者有不同程度的肠道功能紊乱,手术分离粘连只能暂时缓解梗阻.作者采用中西医结合方法治疗单纯性粘连性肠梗阻的效果满意,现报告如下.     

肝癌患者疾病感知状况、希望水平与生活质量的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨肝癌患者疾病感知状况、希望水平与生活质量的相关性。方法：选取我院2017年10月～2020年10月收治的肝癌患者126例,采用疾病感知问卷（BIPQ）评估患者的感知状况,利用Herth希望指数量表（HHI）评估希望水平,患者的生活质量经简明生活质量量表（SF-36）评估。分析肝癌患者BIPQ、HHI评分与临床资料的关系。根据肝癌患者BIPQ评分,将其分成BIPQ≥48分组、BIPQ＜48分组,根据HHI评分分成HHI≥24分组、HHI＜24分组,比较不同BIPQ、HHI评分患者的SF-36评分。分析肝癌患者BIPQ、HHI评分与SF-36评分的相关性。结果：受教育年限＜9年、临床分期Ⅲ期、合并肝硬化的患者BIPQ评分高于受教育年限≥9年、临床分期Ⅰ-Ⅱ期、无肝硬化的患者,而受教育年限＜9年、临床分期Ⅲ期、家庭月收入＜3000元、合并肝硬化的患者HHI评分低于受教育年限≥9年、临床分期Ⅰ-Ⅱ期、家庭月收入≥3000元、无肝硬化的患者（P＜0.05）。BIPQ≥48分组的社会功能、躯体功能、躯体疼痛、心理健康、躯体角色功能、精力、情绪角色功能、总体健康评分低于BIPQ＜48分组,HHI≥24分组SF-36各维度评分高于HHI＜24分组（P＜0.05）。BIPQ评分与SF-36各维度评分呈负相关,HHI评分与SF-36各维度评分呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：肝癌患者疾病感知状况以及希望水平受多种因素影响,且二者与生活质量密切相关,疾病负面感知越低、希望水平越高的患者生活质量越好。     

氯胺酮麻醉的MECT对难治性抑郁症患者认知功能的影响

目的:探讨氯胺酮麻醉下的MECT治疗难治性抑郁症的安全性和治疗前后的认知功能变化。方法:入组60例需要MECT治疗的难治性抑郁症患者,随机分为氯胺酮组(30例)使用氯胺酮诱导麻醉的MECT治疗;异丙酚组(30例)使用异丙酚诱导麻醉的MECT治疗。入组患者在基线期及MECT治疗8次后完成汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定及连线测验AB、威斯康星卡片分类测验、汉诺塔测试,出组时评定副反应量表。结果:两组患者治疗结束后认知功能均较治疗前明显降低,异丙酚组较氯胺酮组降低更明显。结论:氯胺酮MECT治疗难治性抑郁症安全有效,对患者的认知功能损害较异丙酚组轻,未出现严重副作用。     

妈咪爱治疗母乳性黄疸疗效观察

目的：观察微生态制剂“妈咪爱”对母乳性黄疸的治疗作用。方法：将49例母乳性黄疸病例随机分为治疗和对照组,对照组停用母乳3d,治疗组除停用母乳外另加用“妈咪爱”口服。结果：两组病例3d后监测胆红素水平,治疗组胆红素下降54．6％,对照组胆红素下降39％。结论：妈咪爱对母乳性黄疸的治疗有显著的疗效。     

益气活血法治疗39例颈源性心绞痛疗效观察

颈源性心绞痛系指由于颈椎病而引起的酷似冠心病、心绞痛的胸闷,心前区刺痛,心律失常等症状,故又称颈性心律失常。该病多见于中老年患者,其临床症状酷似冠心病、心绞痛,故误诊率较高。临床上对颈源性心绞痛患者单纯应用抗心绞痛药物治疗效果不佳。笔者在对症治疗基础上加用益气活血法中药针剂治疗,取得较为满意的效果,结果报告如下。1资料与方法1·1一般资料观察病例为2005年2月~2007年2月在我院就诊的颈源性心绞痛(气阴亏虚、血瘀阻络型[1])住院患者,共77例。按简单数字随机分组法分为两组,治疗组39例,男18例,女21例,年龄37~68岁;对照组38…     

Long-term ketamine abuse induces cystitis in rats by impairing the bladder epithelial barrier

Long-term ketamine abuse is known to affect the lower urinary tract and produce symptoms of cystitis. However, the pathophysiology and causative mechanism of the changes in bladder function remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the existence of ketamine-induced cystitis in a rat model and characterize the underlining mechanisms. Rats were assigned to blank control, normal saline (NS), low-dose ketamine (LK, 5 mg/kg), and high-dose ketamine (HK, 50 mg/kg) groups. The two experimental groups received ketamine hydrochloride daily for 16 weeks. All rats were housed individually for assessment of urinary frequency and urine volume. Urinary biomarkers were measured at different time points. Rat bladders were excised for histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis. Ketamine-treated rats had increased urinary frequency compared to NS-treated rats at Week 16. Urinary nitric oxide and antiproliferative factor levels were increased in ketamine-treated rats within the first 30 h after administration. After long-term ketamine administration, urinary glycoprotein GP51 and potassium levels were decreased in the HK and LK groups compared to the NS group. Ketamine-treated rats showed thickened bladder epithelial layer, increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and occludin, and decreased expression of zonula occludens-1 in the bladder wall. Ketamine, or its urinary metabolites, disrupted the proliferation of bladder epithelial cells, resulting in defected bladder epithelial barrier. Subsequent leakage of urinary potassium causes a stress response in the bladder and provokes cystitis.     

The efficacy of orally dosed ketamine and ketamine/medetomidine compared with intramuscular ketamine in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and the effects of dosing route on haematological stress markers

BACKGROUND: This study compared the efficacy of two orally-dosed (PO) anaesthetic regimens for chemical immobilization in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), versus the standard protocol of intramuscular (TM) ketamine. In addition, the effects of dosing route on haematological stress markers were evaluated. METHODS: Testing was conducted on 18 chronically housed animals. Animals were trained to accept oral dosing and then randomly assigned to one of three drug regimens: (1) ketamine IM, (2) ketamine PO, (3) Ketamine/medetomidine PO. Sedation levels for each regimen were evaluated. RESULTS: Oral dosing alone was not sufficient to achieve a plane of sedation that allowed for safe handling. Serum cortisol and glucose levels were unchanged across groups, although differences were observed in the leukogram profiles. CONCLUSION: The oral dosages used in this study fell short in providing adequate sedation for safe handling for routine veterinary procedures. Leukogram profiles indicated that orally dosed animals experienced a higher level of stress.     

The opposing effects of lipopolysaccharide on the antitumor therapeutic efficacy of DNA vaccine

DNA vaccine represents a novel method to elicit immunity against infectious disease. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) copurified with plasmid DNA may affect therapeutic efficacy and immunological response. We aimed to study the effect of LPS on the therapeutic efficacy of HER-2/neu DNA vaccine in a mouse tumor animal model. Plasmid DNA purified from commercial EndoFree plasmid purification kits functioned as a better therapeutic DNA vaccine than that purified from Non-EndoFree purification kit, which contains >or=0.5 microg LPS per 100 mg DNA plasmid. To further investigate the effect of LPS on the therapeutic efficacy of DNA vaccine, increasing amount of LPS was added to endotoxin-free plasmid DNA, and inoculated on mice with established tumors. One mug of LPS significantly attenuated the therapeutic effect of neu DNA vaccine and increased Th2 immune responses bias with interleukin-4 cytokine production. In contrast, high amount (100 microg) of LPS enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of neu DNA vaccine with an increase of cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and Th1 immune response. The effect of LPS on DNA vaccine was diminished when the tumor was grown in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mutant C3H/HeJ mice. Our results indicate that variation in the LPS doses exerts opposing effects on the therapeutic efficacy of DNA vaccine, and the observed effect is TLR4 dependent.     

The potential for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of antitumor preparations

Joint introduction of cytostatic antitumor drugs and dogfish liver extract into animals with experimental tumors was shown to increase the efficacy of drugs as revealed by the increase in life span of experimental animals.     

The effect of bioclimate on the communication system of night-flying moths

Detection of moths and plants by infrared radiation (IR) is possible by night-flying moths. The thermal radiation emissivity of green plants is high (0.96) and that of a plowed field low (0.28). Four elements of the biosphere, temperature, atmospheric moisture, CO₂ and O₃ could hinder transmission.Corn earworm flight temperatures rise 3°C above ambient and at 25°C it would be broadcasting a chopped IR frequency of approximately 31 tetracycles. Water vapor is the principal attenuator of IR radiation. Data shows that moth activity decreases sharply with increases in actual water content of the air. Optimum temperatures and humidity are most likely to occur in spring and early summer between 21:00 and 04:00 hr. This coincides with the period of maximum corn earworm activity. Data indicates an inverse relationship between 0₃ and insect activity. Data from 4 sequentially programmed light traps indicate that flight behavior of insects is timed for the period of optimum reception by insect sensors.

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Zusammenfassung Die Entdeckung von Motten und Pflanzen durch Infrarotstrahlung ist nachtfliegenden Motten möglich. Die Wärmestrahlung grüner Pflanzen ist hoch (0,96), die eines gepflügten Feldes gering (0,28). Vier Elemente der Biosphäre, Temperatur, Luftfeuchte, CO₂ und O₃ könnten die Strahlung behindern. Die Flugtemperaturen des Baumwollkapselwurms liegen um 3°C über der Umgebung und bei 25°C würde er eine verkürzte infrarote Frequenz von etwa 31 Tetrazyklen verbreiten.Der Wasserdampf schwächt die Infrarotstrahlung am stärksten. Die Werte zeigen, dass die Mottenaktivität bei einer Zunahme des aktuellen Wassergehalts der Luft stark abnimmt. Die optimale Temperatur und Feuchte existieren im Frühjahr und Frühsommer zwischen 21:00 und 04:00 hr. Dies fällt mit der Periode der maximalen Aktivität des Baumwallkapselwurms zusammen. Die Werte zeigen ferner eine gegensätzliche Beziehung zwischen O₃ und der Aktivität der Insekten. Die Werte von 4 aufeinanderfolgenden Lichtfängen zeigten, dass das Flugverhalten der Insekten abgestimmt ist auf die Zeiten, in denen die Rezeptoren optimal empfänglich sind.

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Resume Les noctuelles peuvent détecter d'autres noctuelles et les plantes par le truchement de rayons infra-rouges (IR).La chaleur rayonnée par les plantes est élevée (0,96) alors que celle émise par un champ labouré est faible (0,28).Quatre éléments de la biosphère peuvent entraver le rayonnement: la température,l'humidité,le gaz carbonique et l'ozone. La température de vol de la noctuelle du maïs et du coton est de 3°C supérieure à celle du milieu ambiant et par 25°C cet insecte émettrait une fréquence infra-rouge réduite de 31 tétracycles. C'est l'humidité qui réduit le plus le rayonnement infra-rouge. L'expérience montre que l'activité des phalènes diminue fortement lorsque la teneur en eau de l'air augments. Les températures et humidités optimales pour le vol sont réalisées entre 21 et 04 heures au printemps et au début de l'été. Ceci correspond à la période de la plus grande activité des noctuelles du maïs et du coton. Les relevés montrent en outre une relation inverse entre l'activité des insectes d'une part, la teneur en ozone de l'air d'autre part. Les captures provenant de quatre pièges lumineux fonctionnant par intermittence montrent que les conditions de vol des insectes sont adaptées aux moments où leurs organes sensibles sont les plus réceptifs.

     

The levonorgestrel intrauterine system: therapeutic aspects

Use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG IUS) is associated with a strong reduction in the number of days of bleeding and menstrual blood loss. This effect is based on the marked local action of the intrauterine release of levonorgestrel (LNG) on the endometrium. In suppressed endometrium the production of many highly active compounds ceases. On the other hand, LNG stimulates the synthesis of some regulatory proteins in the endometrium. Reduction of menstrual blood loss results in improvement of the body iron balance and in an increase in hemoglobin concentration. The LNG IUS has been used in the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Many studies have demonstrated that the LNG IUS is effective in the treatment of menorrhagia. Reduction of excessive blood loss is seen as soon as the first menstruation after insertion, and at 1 year the reduction is more than 90%. The therapeutic effect is maintained for more than 5 years after first placement of the LNG IUS in the uterine cavity. Correct insertion is essential, and complications and side effects are rare; fertility is preserved, and invasive procedures such as endometrial ablation or hysterectomy and hospitalization are avoided. The third major indication for therapeutic use is in protection of the endometrium in estrogen replacement therapy during peri- and postmenopausal years. A fundal position of the system in the uterine cavity results in reduction of bleeding, and an increasing number of women have no bleeding at all during use of the IUS. Acceptance and continuation of use of the LNG IUS in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have been high.     

Adapting protein sequences for optimized therapeutic efficacy

Therapeutic proteins alleviate disease pathology by supplementing missing or defective native proteins, sequestering superfluous proteins, or by acting through designed non-natural mechanisms. Although therapeutic proteins often have the same amino acid sequence as their native counterpart, their maturation paths from expression to the site of physiological activity are inherently different, and optimizing protein sequences for properties that 100s of millions of years of evolution did not need to address presents an opportunity to develop better biological treatments. Because therapeutic proteins are inherently non-natural entities, optimization for their desired function should be considered analogous to that of small molecule drug candidates, which are optimized through expansive combinatorial variation by the medicinal chemist. Here, we review recent successes and challenges of protein engineering for optimized therapeutic efficacy.     

Nanocrystal technology for improving therapeutic efficacy of flavonoids

BackgroundBioflavonoids, secondary metabolites of plants, are beneficial in regulating human physiological mechanisms. Bioflavonoids majorly exist in the dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, pulses, etc. In addition to their cardio-protective and neuroprotective activities, they also possess prominent pharmacological effects including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-thrombogenic actions. However, therapeutic efficacy of the bioflavonoids is hampered by their lipophilic nature, low solubility and variable bioavailability which catch the eyes of formulation scientists.PurposeNanocrystal formulations were studied for many bioflavonoids, although enough attention has not been given to their commercial exploitation, unlike drug nanocrystals. Nanocrystals of bioflavonoid can be prepared by top-down technique, bottom-up technique or combination of both. This review primarily focuses on nanocrystal technology for bioflavonoids, methods of production, critical process parameters, in vitro and in vivo studies conducted to evaluate the efficiency.MethodThe detailed literature survey was systematically carried out using different electronic databases. It includes Scopus, Web of Science, Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Also up-to-date patent search was conducted to understand the prior art and available intellectual properties.Result and conclusionIt was observed that several formulation and process parameters have an impact on flavonoids nanocrystals and their therapeutic efficacy. Also, clinical studies of flavonoid nanocrystals are barely done so far and thus, substantial safety and efficacy data is necessary for its commercial applications. Nevertheless, nanocrystals can be explored as a promising technology platform for improving overall therapeutic performance of flavonoids in future.     

Experimental evaluation of the brucellosis therapeutic vaccine efficacy

Use of antibiotics can't completely solve the problem of brucellosis treatment, especially its chronic forms, because antibacterial preparations do not eliminate main pathogenetic factor of the disease--sensibilization of the macroorganism. It makes actual the question about complex immuno- and antibacterial therapy. Long-term clinical experience proved high effectiveness of a therapeutic brucellosis vaccine. Earlier this preparation was manufactured in Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera in Tbilisi (Georgia). To date new composition of components of the vaccine has been developed, and manufacturing and control methods have been improved. Marked desensitizing effect of the vaccine and its stimulatory action on cellular and humoral immunity has been observed. In 2002 technological normative documentation for manufacturing and use of the vaccine was developed in the Research Institute of Microbiology (Kirov) and production of the vaccine began.     

Lack of efficacy of injectable ketamine with xylazine or diazepam for anesthesia in chickens

Compared to other laboratory animals, little is known about the use of anesthetics in birds, potentially resulting in the use of improper dosing regimens. The authors compared two commonly used ketamine combinations with isoflurane and concluded that the injectable doses were ineffective for induction of surgical anesthesia in chickens.