Expression and function of leptin and its receptor in mouse mammary gland

Leptin is an autocrine and paracrine factor which affects the development of duct, formation of gland alveolus, expression of milk protein gene and onset involution of mammary gland. In order to know the function and mechanism of leptin in mammary gland, the protein expression and localization of leptin and its long form receptor (OB-Rb) were detected by a confocal laser scanning microscope. To study the impacts of leptin on mammary gland and leptin signal transduction pathway in pregnancy-, lacta-tion-and involution-stage mammary gland, explants were cultured and Western blotting was used. The results showed that in the whole development cycle of mammary gland, the expression of leptin and OB-Rb was in positive correlation. In virgin the leptin expression was the highest and then decreased in pregnancy. In lactation the expression of leptin was low and upgraded in involution, and recovered to the original level about virgin on involution 13 d. The localization of leptin and OB-Rb revealed that leptin induced the expression of OB-Rb specifically and controlled the development and physiological function of the mammary gland by binding to OB-Rb. In pregnancy stage, leptin stimulated proliferation and differentiation of ductal epithelial cells by JAK-MAPK signal pathway. In lactation, leptin induced gene expression of β-casein by JAK-STAT5 signal pathway, and in involution leptin induced mammary epithelial cell apoptosis and mammary gland restitution by JAK-STAT3 signal pathway.     

山羊β—酪蛋白基因启动子指导人血清白蛋白基因在小鼠组织中的特异性表达

对本所构建的pcDNA3.1-β6.7hALBm表达载体行尾静脉注射直接转染哺乳期母鼠的活体组织。通过RT－PCR检测hALBm基因在小鼠几种组织中的表达来研究该构建体的组织特异性。结果：构建体在受试鼠组织中的表达显示了较好的乳腺组织特异性。说明构建具有较长5'端上游乳蛋白调控区的乳腺特异性表达载体对组织特异性表达是必需的。     

Establishment of La-tPA/G-CSF dual transgenic mice and expression in their mammary gland

Expression vectors of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSG) and long acting tissue plasminogen activator (La-tPA) in mammary gland were constructed using promoters of mouse whey acid protein gene (WAP) and sheep β-lactoglobulin gene (BLG) with sizes of 2.6 and 5 kb respectively. Two kinds of transgenic mice of G-CSF and La-tPA were produced with microinjection. The expression of G-CSF and La-tPA was achieved in mammary glands of transgenic mice, respectively. In order to establish dual transgenic mice of La-tPA/G-CSF, transgenic mice carrying G-CSF and La-tPA gene characterized with specific expression in mammary gland were mated. La-tPA/G-CSF dual transgenic mice were screened out from the hybrid offspring by Once-PCR. The co-expression of La-tPA and G-CSF in mammary gland of the dual transgenic mice was confirmed by the milk assayed and Northern blot analysis. Some parameters about the dual transgenic mice indicated that there were fewer litters than that of normal mice. The ratio of du     

Construction of shRNA of Fulminant Hepatitis Related Gene mfgl2 and Investigation of Its Biological Effects in vitro

This study was designed to explore the RNA interference technique in inhibition of the expression of the mouse fibrinogen like protein 2(mfgl2),which has been reported to be involved in the development a variety of diseases including fulminant viral hepatitis.A plasmid named p-mfgl2shRNA,complementary to the sequence of mfgl2 was constructed,while another short hairpin RNA(shRNA) which was a mutated form of the mfgl2shRNA sequences was used as a control.A plasmid named pEGFP-mfgl2 expressing the mfgl2-EGFP fusion protein was also constructed for the screening of the effect of p-mfgl2shRNA on mfgl2 expression.By cotransfection of p-mfgl2shRNA and pEGFP-mfgl2 or pcDNA3.1-mfgl2 expression construct into CHO cells or HeLa cells,the inhibition of mfgl2 expression by mfgl2shRNA was analyzed by direct observation through fluorescent microscopy,FACS,RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining.The experiments showed the significant inhibitory effect of p-mfgl2shRNA on mfgl2 expression at 48h post-transfection in both CHO and Hela cell lines with the inhibitory efficiency as high as 80.1%.The study demonstrated that the construct of p-mfgl2shRNA successfully interfered with the mfgl2 expression in vitro.     

Molecular cloning of a novel mouse testis-specific spermatogenic cell apoptosis inhibitor gene mTSARG7 as a candidate oncogene

A novel mouse gene, mTSARG7 (GenBank accession No. AY489184), with a full cDNA length of 2279 bp and containing 12 exons and.ll introns, was cloned from a mouse expressed sequence tag (GenBank accession No. BE644543) that was significantly up-regulated in cryptorchidism. The gene was located in mouse chromosome 8A1.3 and encoded a protein containing 403 amino acid residues that was a new member of the acyltransferase family because the sequence contained the highly conserved phosphate acyltransferase (PlsC) domain existing in all acyltransferase-like proteins. The mTSARG7 protein and AU041707 protein shared 83.9% identity in 402 amino acid residues. Expression of the mTSARG7 gene was restricted to the mouse testis. The results of the in situ hybridization analysis revealed that the mTSARG7 mRNA was expressed in mouse spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Subcellular localization studies showed that the EGFPtagged mTSARG7 protein was localized in the cytoplasm of GC-1 spg cells. The mTSARG7 mRNA expression was initiated in the mouse testis in the second week after birth, and the expression level increased steadily with spermatogenesis and sexual maturation of the mouse. The results of the heat stress experiment showed that the mTSARG7 mRNA expression gradually decreased as the heating duration increased. The pcDNA3.1 Hygro(-)/mTSARG7 plasmid was constructed and introduced into GC- 1 spg cells by liposome transfection. The mTSARG7 can accelerate GC-1 spg cells, causing them to traverse the S-phase and enter the G2-phase, compared with the control group where this did not occur as there was no transfection of mTSARG7. In conclusion, our results suggest that this gene may play an important role in spermatogenesis and the development of cryptorchid testes, and is a testis-specific apoptosis candidate oncogene.     

中国株HIV-1外膜蛋白真核表达载体的构建与表达

To construct the eukaryotic expression vector of HIV-1 gp120 gene and observe its expression in vitro, the recombinant expression vector pVAX1GP120 was constructed by inserting the gp120 gene into the eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1. The pVAX1GP120 was transfected into Vero cells by lipofectamine and the expressed product was detected by indirect immunofluore- scence.Restriction enzymes digestion analysis and sequencing results revealed that the recombinant expression vector pVAX1GP120 has been constructed successfully. The indirect immunofluorescence result showed green fluorescence on the membrane of transfected cells. The constructed eukaryotic expression vector of HIV-1 gp120 can be expressed in vitro, which lay the foundation for the further study of HIV-1 DNA vaccine.     

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) somatic nucleus can dedifferentiate in rabbit ooplasm and support early development of the reconstructed egg

The giant panda skeletal muscle cells, uterus epithelial cells and mammary gland cells from an adult individual were cultured and used as nucleus donor for the construction of interspecies embryos by transferring them into enucleated rabbit eggs. All the three kinds of somatic cells were able to reprogram in rabbit ooplasm and support early embryo development, of which mammary gland cells were proven to be the best, followed by uterus epithelial cells and skeletal muscle cells. The experiments showed that direct injection of mammary gland cell into enucleated rabbit ooplasm, combined with in vivo development in ligated rabbit oviduct, achieved higher blastoeyst development than in vitro culture after the somatic cell was injected into the perivitelline space and fused with the enucleated egg by electrical stimulation. The chromosome analysis demonstrated that the genetic materials in reconstructed blastocyst cells were the same as that in panda somatic cells. In addition, giant panda mitochondrial DNA (     

Co-expression and immunity of Legionella pneumophila mip gene and immunoadjuvant ctxB gene

The mip gene of Legionella pneumophila and the ctxB gene of Vibrio cholerae were amplifiedby PCR respectively.The amplified cDNA was ligated to the pcDNA3.1(+)vector.The recombinant plasmidspcDNA3,1-mip and pcDNA3.1-ctxB were identified by restriction analysis and PCR,and further confirmedby sequencing analysis.NIH3T3 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-mip and pcDNA3.1-ctxB accordingto the Lipofection method.Transient and stable products of the co-expression of the mip gene and ctxB genewere detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.The results showed that NIH3T3 cells weresuccessfully transfected,and that the transiently and stably co-expressed products can be detected in thetransfected cells.To detect the humoral and cellular immune response in immunized mice induced by the co-immunization of the mip and ctxB genes,female BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with pcDNA3.1-mip and pcDNA3.1-ctxB.The results showed that the specific antibody titer and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyteresponse for pcDNA3,1-mip immunization and co-immunization were increased compared with that ofpcDNA3.1(+) immunization.Furthermore,the specific antibody titer and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responsefor co-immunization were increased compared with that of pcDNA3.1-mip immunization.Statistical analysisusing one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)showed that there was a significant difference between thegroups(P<0.01).The results indicated that the ctxB gene enhanced the humoral and cellular immune responseto the mip gene immunization.These findings provide experimental evidence to support the development ofthe L.pneumophila DNA vaccine.     

Expression and Identification of a Novel Apoptosis Gene Spata17 （MSRG-11） in Mouse Spermatogenic Cells

In this study,anti-spermatogenesis-associated 17 (Spatal7) polyclonal antibody was preparedby immunizing New Zealand white rabbits with a synthesized peptide corresponding to the amino acid se-quence 7-23 of the mouse Spata17 protein.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Spata17 proteinwas most abundant in the cytoplasm of round spermatids and elongating spermatids within seminiferoustubules of the adult testis.The expression of Spata17 mRNA in cultured mouse spermatogonia (GC-1) cellswas almost undetectable.In an experimental unilateral cryptorchidism model of an adult mouse,the expres-sion of Spata17 mRNA had no obvious difference with the normal testis until postoperation day 1,butgradually decreased from day 3 and was almost undetectable on day 17.Immunohistochemical analysisrevealed that the protein was almost undetectable within seminiferous tubules of an experimental unilateralcryptorchidism model of the adult testis on postoperation day 8.Flow cytometry analysis showed that theexpression of Spatal7 protein in the GC-1 cell line could accelerate GC-1 cell apoptosis.The effect increaseswith the increasing of the transfected dose of pcDNA3.1 (-)/Spata17.By Hoechst 33258 staining,a classicalway of identifying apoptotic cells,we further confirmed that the apoptosis was induced by expression ofSpata17 in transfected GC-1 cells.     

中国仓鼠卵细胞二氢叶酸还原酶基因在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

本工作采用PCR法将哺乳动物表达载体pSVA75上的中国仓鼠卵细胞(CHO)二氢叶酸还原酶基因扩增后插入到原核生物高效表达质料pBV221中,构建成胞内表达载体pDHFR-1,经转化大肠杆菌(E.coli DH5α)后获高效表达,表达量占总蛋白量的12.2%。利用这种方法不仅为深入研究该酶的结构和功能的关系及其新生肽链的折叠提供丰富的实验材料,而且也有希望成为较好的外源DNA原核扩增表达系统。 Abstract:The technique of PCR was used to amplify the Chinese Hamster Ovary DHFR gene in the mammal expression vector pSVA75,and the amplified fragments were inserted into the vector pBV221,to construct the vector pDHFR-1.The CHO dhfr was fransformaed into E.coli DH5α and high-level expressed.The scanning results(scanned by LKB Enhanced Laser Densitometer)showed that the expression level had reached 12.2% of the total cellular proteins.Therefore,this provides an abundant experimental material for studying the relationship between the protein construct and function,and for studying the biology of the nascent peptide chain during biosynthesis.This pathway may be a good expression system of prokaryocyte for amphifing eukaryotic gene.     

人重组白蛋白基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的高效表达

The yeast Pichia pastoris was transformed by the multi\|copy Pichia expression vector that can express secreted human albumin.The high level expression of cell line was selected after screening.The expression of human recombinant albumin in Pichia pastoris induced by different methods were compared.The retio of secreted human albumin is 80% in total secreted proteins and the expression level reaches as high as is 10g/L.     

牛肠激酶轻链基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

为克隆表达牛肠激酶（enterokinase）轻链(EKL)编码基因,以期应用于融合蛋白的切割与纯化,从市售北方黄牛十二指肠组织中提取总RNA,以RT-PCR方法扩增其cDNA片段,将此片段克隆于pUCmT载体中,经过特异性限制性内切酶酶切分析片段正确后,进行全序列分析。结果表明,克隆的cDNA与GenBank上的序列相比完全一致,得到了编码正确的牛肠激酶轻链基因全序列。随后,将目的基因片段插入pET39b中,构建了融合型表达载体pET39b-EKL,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),用IPTG诱导表达。所获得的pET39b-EKL经过酶切鉴定和测序,证实其插入方向、读码框架正确,所表达重组蛋白经SDS-PAGE分析,相对分子量为65 kDa,表达量达28%,通过镍亲和层析纯化得到融合蛋白DsbA-rEKL的单一条带。该粗酶经脱盐后在适宜的缓冲体系中21℃温育过夜,显示出较高的自催化切割活性,为进一步进行重组牛肠激酶活性的研究及应用奠定了基础。 Abstract:The objective of the study was to obtain the gene of bovine enterokinase light chain,which would be used in the cleavage and purification of fusion proteins．The fragment of bovine enterokinase light chain cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR from a sold bovine′s duodenal mucosa, then cloned into the pUCmT cloning vector and sequenced.Compared with the sequence deposited in GenBank,the cloned gene sequence is correct.Then the interested gene fragment was inserted into the pET39b expression plasmid.The recombinant vector pET39b-EKL was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) and induced by IPTG.It was confirmed that the nucleotide sequence was correct on the conjunction site between the recombinant DNA 5′terminal multi-cloning site and recombinant fragment after the analysis of the nucleotide sequence.SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that target product was about 65 kDa which occupied 28% of the total protein.A pure fusion protein was obtained by nickel chelating chromatogram using His*Binding Resin.After desalting and changing buffer,the crude kinase was incubated at 21℃ overnight and demonstrated a high autocatalytic cleavage activity.This investigation would be able to lay a foundation for enterokinase activity research and farther application of expression products on a large scale.