Peptization of the Gel of Konjac Mannan

The addition of 1,8-pyrenequinone into the assay system containing rat liver homogenates (S-9) caused an approximately 10-fold increase in the mutagenicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) in the current Salmonella reversion assay system. Since no chemical reaction between 1,8-pyrenequinone and AAF was observed, the in vitro effects of 1,8-pyrenequinone on the metabolisms of AAF with S-9 mix were studied. The enhancement of mutagenicity by 1,8-pyrenequinone was not dependent on the dose of NADPH under the present assay condition. The mutagenicity of AAF was increased approximately 4-fold by the addition of 1,8-pyrenequinone into microsomes, whereas it remained at the spontaneous level in the presence of cytosol. However, by reconstituting microsomes with cytosol, the mutagenicity enhancing activity was recovered to the original level. Since 1,8-pyrenequinone inhibited the AAF hydroxylase activity, chemical analysis of the incubation mixture of AAF was tried. This indicated that a higher amount of unmetabolized AAF remained and higher amounts of 2-aminofluorene and N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene were accumulated in the presence of 1,8-pyrenequinone compared with those in the absence of 1,8-pyrenequinone. From these results, it seems probable that 1,8-pyrenequinone inhibits C-hydroxylation (the detoxifying pathway) and promotes N-hydroxylation (the activating pathway) as well as deacetylation in the AAF metabolism.     

Relevance of Rheological Properties of Sodium Alginate in Solution to Calcium Alginate Gel Properties

The purpose of this study is to determine whether sodium alginate solutions’ rheological parameters are meaningful relative to sodium alginate’s use in the formulation of calcium alginate gels. Calcium alginate gels were prepared from six different grades of sodium alginate (FMC Biopolymer), one of which was available in ten batches. Cylindrical gel samples were prepared from each of the gels and subjected to compression to fracture on an Instron Universal Testing Machine, equipped with a 1-kN load cell, at a cross-head speed of 120 mm/min. Among the grades with similar % G, (grades 1, 3, and 4), there is a significant correlation between deformation work (L _E) and apparent viscosity (η _app). However, the results for the partial correlation analysis for all six grades of sodium alginate show that L _E is significantly correlated with % G, but not with the rheological properties of the sodium alginate solutions. Studies of the ten batches of one grade of sodium alginate show that η _app of their solutions did not correlate with L _E while tan δ was significantly, but minimally, correlated to L _E. These results suggest that other factors—polydispersity and the randomness of guluronic acid sequencing—are likely to influence the mechanical properties of the resultant gels. In summary, the rheological properties of solutions for different grades of sodium alginate are not indicative of the resultant gel properties. Inter-batch differences in the rheological behavior for one specific grade of sodium alginate were insufficient to predict the corresponding calcium alginate gel’s mechanical properties.     

Rheological Properties of Blood in Athletes

Rheological properties of blood were studied in subjects with high physical activity (athletes). It was found that the whole blood viscosity decreased under conditions of relative rest. The use of the concept of hemorheological profiles made it possible to reveal different profiles in subjects exposed to different courses of training exercise. The relationship between the rheological properties of blood and the total work capacity in humans was established. The typical parameter of profiles in subjects with high physical activity was high erythrocyte deformability associated mainly with erythrocyte form and viscoelastic properties of its membrane.     

果树体细胞无性系变异与品种改良

对果树组织与细胞培养过程中,体细胞无性系变异的普遍性和多样性,影响体细胞无性系变异的因素和调控措施,导致体细胞无性系变异可能的细胞学与分子机制,以及体细胞无性系变异与果树品种改良的关系作了阐述,并对果树体细胞无性系变异的研究前景作了展望。     

Influence of Low Acyl and High Acyl Gellan Gums on Pasting and Rheological Properties of Rice Starch Gel

The pasting, viscoelastic, morphological and retrogradation properties of rice starch as affected by low acyl (LA) and high acyl (HA) gellan gums were studied. The additions of both LA and HA gums increased the peak and trough viscosities, while decreased the final and setback viscosities of rice starch paste. The starch-HA mixed pastes exhibited superior viscoelastic properties to the starch-LA pastes as evidenced by their higher storage modulus and lower loss tangent values. The starch-HA system exhibited higher resistance to the stress and more pronounced recovery rate in in-shear structural recovery test. The creep recovery data were well fitted by a 4-element Burger’s model. The shrinkage measurements showed that the addition of both hydrocolloids, especially the HA gellan gum retarded the retrogradation of rice starch gel during cold storage. It was concluded that the addition of LA and HA gellan gums modified the rheology and textural properties of rice starch gel in different ways and interacted under different mechanisms based on their molecular structures.     

魔芋葡甘聚糖-尼莫地平药膜体外释放性能的初步探讨

本文选用尼莫地平(nimodipine,NMP)作为模型药物,以魔芋葡甘聚糖(Konjac glucom annan,KGM)为材料制备KGM-NMP药膜,对其在体外不同介质和不同温度下的释药特性进行考察,初步探讨魔芋葡甘聚糖-尼莫地平药膜的体外释放性能。采用扫描电子显微镜观察药膜各个释放阶段的形态及表面结构,药膜呈胶束状,表面平整光滑,个别表面有凹凸状;用药物释放动力学方程拟合药物释放数据曲线,推导建立数学模型,同时结合电镜扫描结果分析,KGM-NMP药膜的溶蚀特性更符合零级动力学方程,释放机制为扩散和骨架溶蚀的协同作用。该药膜在体外具有明显的缓控释作用,24 h内释药稳定。     

多子芋3个品种群球茎质量和数量的差异显著性及变异性比较

多子芋3个品种群在水旱生态环境中的栽培比较试验表明(1)多子芋在旱生环境中的单株母芋质量、单株子芋质量、单株孙芋质量、单株子芋孙芋总质量、单个子芋平均质量、单个孙芋平均质量、单个子芋孙芋平均质量都显著地高于在水生环境中的相应值,而单株子芋数量、单株孙芋数量、单株子芋孙芋总数量、单个曾孙芋平均质量差异不显著,仅单株曾孙芋质量和单株曾孙芋数量表现为水生环境极显著地高于旱生环境.因此,多子芋以旱栽为宜.(2)在品种群间,单株球茎质量和单株球茎数量在旱生环境中的差异较小,而在水生环境中的差异较大.红紫柄品种群对水生环境的适应性最强,绿柄品种群的适应性最弱.无论是在水生环境还是在旱生环境,品种群间同级别单个球茎质量的差异都不显著.(3)品种群间单株球茎质量、单株球茎数量、品种群内单个球茎质量的变异系数在水旱生态环境中,一般都表现为曾孙芋＞孙芋＞子芋,水生环境＞旱生环境,单株球茎质量＞单株球茎数量.     

透明质酸溶液的流变性能初步研究

透明质酸是一种酸性粘多糖,其特有的粘弹性使其广泛应用于眼科手术等医药领域。使用高级流变扩展系统研究浓度对于透明质酸溶液流变性能的影响。结果表明,透明质酸溶液的粘度随剪切速率的增加而减小。在任何剪切速率作用下,粘度总是与浓度呈正相关。而随着浓度的增加,溶液粘性与弹性频率交叉点降低。     

魔芋-卡拉胶复配凝胶质构特性研究

以魔芋-卡拉胶复配胶为原料,使用物性测试仪对复配胶的质构参数断裂强度、弹性、粘性等进行了测定,并研究了相关因素对复配胶质构参数的影响。结果表明：增加魔芋精粉比例可以增强卡拉胶的弹性,而凝胶强度在胶比例为0．9：0．1时达到最大;随复配胶浓度增加,凝胶强度和粘度增加;钾离子的添加使复配胶的凝胶强度和脆度增强;低浓度的蔗糖对复配胶的质构影响不大,高浓度蔗糖可以降低凝胶的断裂强度、粘度和弹性;柠檬酸降低了复配胶的凝胶强度和弹性。     

Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Romanian Honeys

The purpose of this work was to investigate the physicochemical and rheological properties of Romanian honey, and particularly to analyze the influence of moisture content, °Brix concentration and temperature. All the samples were characterized to determine their physicochemical (moisture, °Brix, pH, ash, conductivity, colour, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content, sugar content, diastase activity) and bioactive (antioxidant activity, total phenols content and total flavonoids content) parameters. All the investigated honeys displayed Newtonian behaviour at all temperatures. Four experimental viscosity models were checked using the experimental data to correlate the influence of temperature upon honey viscosity; The William-Landel-Ferry model was much suitable than Power Law, Arrhenius and Vogel-Taumman-Fulcher models for temperature-viscosity modelling. By using the polynomial modeling method, it was possible to develop a mathematical model to describe honey viscosity in the function of temperature and chemical composition. The model achieved, developed from the viscosity, temperature and chemical composition allows predicting the evolution of the dynamic viscosity.     

唐菖蒲球茎中抗真菌物质的部分性质研究

本文报道唐菖蒲球茎中抗真菌活性物质的成分及其分子量测定方法和结果。用沸水提取,经过超滤、透析、柱层析,纯化到一种有抗真菌活性的物质。排除了它是蛋白质、核酸、脂类及小分子物质的可能性,确定这是一种多糖,定名为唐菖蒲抗真菌多糖（Gladiolus hntifungal Polysaccharide,简称GAFS）。真空旋转蒸发干燥后,用苯酚-硫酸法测得干燥后的样品糖含量为44．08％,用FPLC（快速蛋白质液相层析仪）测其分子量为15750。     

Effect of Adsorbed Proteins on the Rheological Properties of Erythrocytes

Impedance spectroscopy in the radio-frequency band was used to probe the adsorptive properties of red blood cells. Fluidity assays of concentrated erythrocyte suspensions revealed a close relationship between the protein adsorption on erythrocyte membranes and the extent of cell interaction in the flow. Patients with impaired peripheral circulation displayed an increase in adsorption of high-molecular-weight proteins and a dramatic decrease in fluidity of erythrocyte suspensions. Hence, adsorption was assumed to contribute to rheological disorders.     

测量误差模型中变差系数的性质研究

本文对测量误差模型参数估计的变差系数的性质进行了初步研究.本文结果对参数估计分布性质,特别是分布的离散程度的研究有重要应用价值.     

白芨多糖胶-瓜尔胶复配溶液的流变性

考察了瓜尔胶溶液和白芨多糖胶-瓜尔胶复配溶液的流变特性。两组溶液呈现典型的假塑性,不同浓度下两组溶液表观黏度(ηa)随剪切速率(τ)的变化可以用Ostwald-Dewaele方程描述。白芨多糖胶和瓜尔胶复配产生协同增效作用,复配溶液的ηa大于单一组分的白芨多糖胶溶液或瓜尔胶溶液的ηa。复配溶液中白芨多糖胶与瓜尔胶的最佳配比是质量比为9∶1。     

Rheological Properties of Enzymatically Isolated Tomato Fruit Cuticle

Rheological properties were determined for cuticular membranes (CMs) enzymatically isolated from mature tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Pik Red) fruit. The cuticle responded as a viscoelastic polymer in stress-strain studies. Both CM and dewaxed CM expanded and became more elastic and susceptible to fracture when hydrated, suggesting that water plasticized the cuticle. Dewaxing of the CM caused similar changes in elasticity and fracturing, indicating that wax may serve as a supporting filler in the cutin matrix. Exposure of the cuticle to the surfactant Triton X-100 did not significantly affect its rheological properties.     

Age-Related Erythrocyte Structure and Rheological Blood Properties in Athletes

The relationship between the rheological blood properties and several indices of age-related erythrocyte structure was established in endurance-training athletes (n = 21). Unlike nonathletic subjects, the athletes had a shift in the age-related structure towards younger erythrocyte forms: reticulocytosis, increased erythrocyte resistance, increased percentage of cells with a diameter exceeding 8 m, and decreased percentage of cells with a diameter of less than 7 m. The established correlations between total reticulocyte concentration, mature and immature reticulocyte concentrations, and percentage of cells with a diameter either exceeding 8 m or less than 7 m, on the one hand, and hemorheological parameters (blood viscosity, erythrocyte suspension viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, and surface/volume ratio) and physical work capacity, on the other hand, revealed a significant effect of younger erythrocyte forms on hemorheological indices in athletes.