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1.
Kazuo Iwai Tetsuya Suzuki Kap-Rang Lee Masahiro Kobashi Sinzaburo Oka 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(10):1877-1882
Dihydrocapsaicin, one of pungent principles in Capsicum fruits, was formed and accumulated in sweet pepper fruits after 6 days’ post-harvest ripening under continuous light in a medium containing vanillylamine and isocapric acid. No capsaicinoids were formed in sweet pepper fruits ripened in the dark even in the presence of both vanillylamine and isocapric acid. The capsaicinoid newly formed during the ripening was almost exclusively dihydrocapsaicin, as much as 92.8% of the total capsaicinoids. Dihydrocapsaicin was also formed by cell-free extracts prepared from the sweet pepper fruits in a reaction mixture containing vanillylamine and isocapric acid. Dihydrocapsaicin formed was quantified by TLC, GLC, GC-MS and MF. 相似文献
2.
In sweet pepper, the portion of tapetum toward the interior of the anther comprising large cells is derived from cells of connective of anther whereas the remaining tapetum on the outside of the anther comprising comparatively small cells is derived from the parietal layer. Those ceils of the former prosessing large vacuoles and large nuclei are stained weaker than the cells of the latter by methyl green-pyronin and mercuric-bromophenol blue staining. Large spherical grains which contain acid phosphatase appear in the vacuoles in both kinds of tapetum at sporogenesis stage. During meiosis of pollen mother cells, DNA, RNA and protein sysntheses increase in tapetum. The tapetum derived from connective accumulates more DNA than that derived from parietal layer. The activity of acid phosphatase becomes higher in tapetum when it degenerates. The degeneration of two kinds of tapetum is similar. There are no starch grains in tapetum through its whole course of development. 相似文献
3.
Evolution of Capsaicinoids in Peter Pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) During Fruit Ripening
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Gerardo F. Barbero Ana C. de Aguiar Ceferino Carrera Ángel Olachea Marta Ferreiro‐González Julian Martínez Miguel Palma Carmelo G. Barroso 《化学与生物多样性》2016,13(8):1068-1075
The evolution of individual and total contents of capsaicinoids present in Peter peppers (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) at different ripening stages has been studied. Plants were grown in a glasshouse and the new peppers were marked in a temporal space of ten days. The extraction of capsaicinoids was performed by ultrasound‐assisted extraction with MeOH. The capsaicinoids nordihydrocapsaicin (n‐DHC), capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, and homodihydrocapsaicin were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)‐fluorescence and identified by UHPLC‐Q‐ToF‐MS. The results indicate that the total capsaicinoids increase in a linear manner from the first point of harvest at ten days (0.283 mg/g FW) up to 90 days, at which point they reach a concentration of 1.301 mg/g FW. The evolution as a percentage of the individual capsaicinoids showed the initial predominance of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and n‐DHC. Dihydrocapsaicin was the major capsaicinoid up to day 50 of maturation. After 50 days, capsaicin became the major capsaicinoid as the concentration of dihydrocapsaicin fell slightly. The time of harvest of Peter pepper based on the total capsaicinoids content should be performed as late as possible. In any case, harvesting should be performed before overripening of the fruit is observed. 相似文献
4.
根系温度对甜椒生理特性的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
甜椒苗期的最适根温为25-30℃。根温不适宜时,叶片生长明显减慢,光合速率下降,以致干物质积累减少。根温低的甜椒气孔呈前反馈式反应,根温高的气孔则呈反馈式反应,部分关闭和导度降低,胞间CO2分压减小,净光合速率降低。 相似文献
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6.
High Efficiency Organogenesis in Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Tissues from Different Seedling Explants 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In vitro plant regeneration was achieved from eightsweet pepper varieties (Capsicum annuum L.). The effect ofvarious explant types (cotyledons, leaves, cotyledonary nodes and shoot-tip from25-day-old seedlings and embryonic cotyledons, embryonic hypocotyls and woundedseedlings) on bud and shoot regeneration and shoot elongation was evaluated.Differences in ability for in vitro shoot regeneration andelongation depended on the variety and explant type. In general, highregeneration frequency was obtained from all varieties. Agridulcedisplayed the highest regeneration response: an average of 3.45 elongated shootsper explant using embryonic cotyledons. Elongated shoots were excised and rootedon Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium either without plant growth regulatorsor with 0.5 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) or 0.05 NAA (-naphthaleneacetic acid). Plantlets weretransplanted to soil and acclimatised in the greenhouse showing normaldevelopment and growing to maturity bearing normal fruits with seeds. 相似文献
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Growth Analysis of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): 1. The Influence of Irradiance and Temperature under Glasshouse Conditions in Winter 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A growth analysis was carried out with sweet pepper grown ina glasshouse. The plants received natural daylight or additionalillumination applied either during or after the natural photopenod.All irradiance conditions were applied at three temperatureregimes. Additional illumination increased leaf number, leaf area andtotal dry weight. At all temperatures the long-day treatmentsshowed a smaller number of leaves, but a larger leaf area whencompared to the short-day treatments with the same daily radiationsum. A lower temperature progressively reduced leaf area. The derived growth analysis quantities showed strong ontogenetictrends. When comparing both methods of applying additional illuminationhigher mean relative growth rates were observed for the long-daytreatments, especially at the lowest temperature. No differencesin mean net assimilation rate were found, but the short-daytreatments showed a reduced mean leaf area ratio. A lower nighttemperature decreased RGR and NAR but did not affect LAR, alower day temperature increased NAR and decreased LAR. Changesin LAR were largely mediated by changes in specific leaf weight. Capsicum annuum L., sweet pepper, growth analysis, irradiance, temperature 相似文献
10.
A. A. Agranovsky 《Journal of Phytopathology》1993,138(2):89-97
Viruses occurring in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Ethiopia during 1984–1986 were identified and their symptomatology, host range, serology, morphology and transmission described. Potyviruses were found to cause severe infections of pepper wherever the crop was observed. Disease incidence and yield loss in most surveyed areas were estimated at 40–100 % and 15–50 %, respectively. Besides potato Y and pepper veinal mottle viruses, a new potyvirus with distinctive properties was found widely distributed in Shewa and Welega Provinces. The virus, tentatively designated Ethiopian pepper mottle virus (EPMV), was shown to have an unusually narrow experimental host range and filamentous particles about 700–750 nm in length, and to be nonpersis-tently transmitted by aphids but not transmissible through pepper seeds. Cucumber mosaic virus was detected in some locations, but appeared to be of minor significance. 相似文献
11.
Teruhiko Yoshihara Katsuyoshi Yamaguchi Seiji Takamatsu Sadao Sakamura 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):2593-2598
Two new phenolic amides, grossamide (7) and N-cis-feruloyl tyramine (2), have been isolated from the roots of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) together with p-aminobenzaldehyde (1), N-trans-feruloyl tyramine (3), N-trans-p-coumaroyl tyramine (4), N-trans-feruloyl octopamine (5), and N-trans-p-coumaroyl octopamine (6). 相似文献
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Treating the leaves of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) with an aqueous solution of cellulase resulted in a four-fold increase in the salicylic acid level compared to a control plant. The level of endogenous azelaic acid was also elevated by the cellulase treatment. Azelaic acid has recently been reported to act as a mobile "priming" agent to arm plants against pathogenic attack. Our results are consistent with this and that the cellulase treatment enhanced the ability of sweet pepper to withstand viral attack. 相似文献
13.
辣椒株高遗传分析 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
以辣椒矮秆自交系B9431(P1)和高秆自交系‘吉林长椒’(P2)为双亲,构建P1、F1、P1、B1、B2和F2 6个家系世代群体,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对该6个世代群体株高进行多世代联合分析,结果显示:株高遗传符合1对主基因+多基因遗传模型,高秆对矮秆表现为不完全显性,F1代株高的势能比值为0.39,显性程度为0.91。B1、B2和F2群体主基因遗传率分别为20.35%、17.20%和35.29%,多基因遗传率分别为5.08%、19.75%和0;主基因效应表现为负向加性效应,其值为-6.43,显性效应为0;多基因加性效应值和显性效应值分别为-8.89和9.77。研究还表明,主基因与多基因间的基因效应存在一定差异,主基因加性效应值相当于多基因加性效应值的72.33%,主基因无显性效应,显性效应是由多基因控制遗传。 相似文献
14.
Tetsuya Suzuki Teruo Kawada Kazuo Iwai 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(2):535-537
The effects of tropomyosin and troponin on the heat-induced gelation of myosin were investigated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, scanning electron microscopy and gel rigidity assay, in comparisons with natural and desensitized actomyosin. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretograms revealed that tropomyosin was almost completely removed from each desensitized actomyosin samples while it was retained in natural actomyosin samples. In spite of this, no significant differences were found in rigidity between natural and desensitized actomyosin gels. No differences could be observed in the microstructure of either actomyosin gel. It may, therefore, be concluded that tropomyosin does not affect the gel texture of the actomyosin system. 相似文献
15.
The effects of seed number on set, development and growth ofa fruit, and on inhibition of later-developed fruits were studiedby varying the pollen load on the stigma of sweet pepper flowers(Capsicum annuum L.). Despite much variation, a linear increasein individual fruit weight with seed number could be observed.Seed number affected the growth rate rather than the growingperiod of fruit. When seed numbers were low, the probabilityof fruit setting was positively related to seed number. However,a relatively low seed number (50100 seeds/fruit: 2030%of the maximum seed number) was sufficient for maximal fruitset. An increase in seed number increased the inhibitory effect ofa fruit on set and growth of later-developing fruits. As a result,when pollination treatments were applied to all the flowersof a plant, results could be quite different to those obtainedwhen only a limited number of flowers were treated. Fruit setof the second fruit was reduced by the application of a highpollen load to the first flower, even when the first fruit abortedbefore it had accumulated much dry matter. Our results suggestthat growth inhibition of the second fruit by seed number ofthe first fruit is controlled both by competition for limitedassimilates, as well as by dominance due to the production ofplant growth regulators by the developing fruit. Sweet pepper; Capsicum annuum L.; pollination; fruit set; abortion; abscission; fruit growth; first-fruit dominance; sink strength 相似文献
16.
Growth Analysis of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): 2. Interacting Effects of Irradiance, Temperature and Plant Age in Controlled Conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A growth analysis was carried out with sweet pepper plants grownin a phytotron. Irradiance conditions were: 0.84 or 3.25 MJm2 in 8 h, 1.67 MJ m2 in 16 h and 2.51 MJ m2in 24 h. Temperatures applied were 25 or 21 °C during thephotoperiod in combination with 25, 21 and 17 or 21, 17 and13 °C respectively during the nyctoperiod. Highest values for leaf area and total dry weight were foundwhen applying 1.67 MJ m2 in 16 h, followed by 3.25 MJm2 in 8 h, irrespective of the temperature regime. Continuousirradiance ultimately resulted in leaf drop. A reduction inthe day temperature decreased leaf area and total dry weight.At a day temperature of 25 °C the dry weight increased withdecreasing night temperature when applying 3.25 MJ m2in 8 h. At a day temperature of 21 °C leaf area and dryweight were reduced when 17 or 13 °C were applied duringa 16 h nyctoperiod. Values for relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leafarea ratio and leaf weight ratio strongly decreased with advancingplant age. The effects of irradiance treatment on RGR and NARwere analogous to those on total dry weight while the reversepattern was observed for the LAR. A decrease in day temperaturedecreased the RGR. The effects of night temperature exhibitedstrong interactions with day temperature and photoperiod. Theinfluence of temperature on RGR was largely mediated throughchanges in the LAR. The latter parameter was highly correlatedwith the specific leaf weight. Capsicum annuum L., sweet pepper, growth analysis, irradiance, temperature, plant age 相似文献
17.
用辣椒(Capsicam annuum L.)6个亲本,按(1/2)n(n-1)双列杂交法配制15个杂交组合,用Hayman双列杂交分析法估算了5个植株性状的遗传参数。Wr对Wr的回归分析结果表明,侧枝数、株高、株幅、主茎高和首花节位的遗传都符合加性-显性模型。Wr+Vr与Yr间相关分析表明,侧枝数、株高、株幅、主茎高呈负相关,说明含有更多显性基因的亲本具有较小的Wr+Vr值;首花节位呈正相关,且达到极显著水平,说明含有更多显性基因的亲本具有较大的Wr+Vr值。遗传参数估算表明侧枝数、株幅、主茎高和首花节位性状的遗传以加性效应为主,加性效应比显性效应更加重要。株高的遗传中加性效应和显性效应都很重要。 相似文献
18.
不同辣椒材料离体再生及其影响因素的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以8个辣椒(Capsicum annuumL.)纯系为材料,对不同材料、外植体种类和激素组合等因素对辣椒植株离体再生的影响进行了研究。结果表明,较高的6-BA/IAA值有利于辣椒外植体的分化再生,而6-BA/IAA值较低则适合于再生芽的伸长;不同辣椒材料的再生能力差别较大;辣椒带柄子叶再生能力比下胚轴强,是较好的外植体材料;12~16 d苗龄的外植体分化频率较高;在供试的8个辣椒材料中‘2096’、‘B4’和‘B7’的再生能力较强。高频率的不定芽分化培养基为MB(MS无机成分 B5有机成分) 0.8 mg/L IAA 5.0 mg/L 6-BA 4.0 mg/L Ag-NO3;不定芽伸长的培养基为MB 0.8 mg/L IAA 2.0 mg/L 6-BA 2.0 mg/L GA3 4.0 mg/L AgNO3;高效生根诱导培养基为MB 0.2 mg/L IAA 0.1 mg/L NAA。 相似文献
19.
The study of reproductive organs and their developmental stages during sporogenesis and gametogenesis is an important step for basic and applied sciences. In this order and to develop knowledge about Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae), flower buds in different developmental stages were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. The bell pepper bisexual flowers have homoantherous stamens with tetrasporangiate anthers. The pattern of anther wall formation is basic type, while previously described as dicotyledonous type. Microspore mother cells meiosis has simultaneous cytokinesis and tetrads are tetrahedral. Two-celled mature pollen grains are tricolporate with scabrate ornamentation. The gynoecium is bicarpellate and epigynous, with hemianatropous, unitegmic and tenuinucellate ovules. After megaspore mother cell meiosis, cytokinesis is simultaneous. The chalazal megaspore of the linear tetrad functions as the functional megaspore. Embryo sac development is of monosporic Polygonum type and consists of seven cells. We give the first reproductive calendar for the species that allows prognostication of gametogenesis on the basis of sporophytic parameters related to reproductive organ development and floral bud form and size. Some of these developmental characteristics should be useful for comparative studies and investigation of phylogenetic relationships within Solanaceae family. 相似文献
20.
甜椒胞质雄性不育雄配子发育的解剖学和超微结构研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用石蜡切片和电子显微镜超薄切片方法观察了甜椒(Capsicum annuum L.)细胞质雄性不育系8A和保持系8B雄配子发育过程。结果表明:不育系和保持系都能正常进行减数分裂,绒毡层细胞无明显差异,形成了正常的四分孢子。在四分体单核居中期后,不育系的绒毡层细胞异常膨大并伸进药室,挤压花粉粒,同时绒毡层细胞提前降解,不育系单核晚期花粉粒开始崩出内含物。致使不育系的雄配子在双核花粉粒形成之前就完全裂解,不能发育成正常的花粉粒。此外,超薄切片还观察到不育系花粉粒在单核早期绒毡层细胞线粒体空泡化,这种变化表明雄性不育的遗传缺陷包括在花药发育早期发生的线粒体结构变化。 相似文献