非粒细胞减少患者肺曲霉病22例回顾性分析

目的提高对非粒细胞减少患者肺曲霉病的认识及诊疗水平。方法回顾性分析22例非粒细胞减少患者肺曲霉病的临床、影像学及实验室资料,随诊其转归。结果22例肺曲霉病（PA）患者,男性12例,女性10例,平均年龄（56．3±21．4）岁。确诊、临床诊断各8例,拟诊6例。侵袭性肺曲霉病（IPA）11例,单纯性曲霉球6例,慢性坏死性肺曲霉病（CNPA）5例。常见基础疾病为继发型肺结核（8／22）、糖尿病或类固醇性糖尿病（6／22）、高血压病（5／22）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（5／22）,4例系原发社区感染。常见临床症状咳嗽咳痰（18／22）、咯血（11／22）、气促（7／22）。影像学表现为肺部渗出或实变病灶9例、空洞改变及典型曲霉球12例,结节或肿块1例。首选药物治疗依次为伏立康唑（10／22）、卡泊芬净（4／22）、伊曲康唑（3／22）。结论非粒细胞减少伴IPA好发于糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病,亦可发生在免疫功能正常患者。单纯曲霉球多继发或并发于肺结核。应注意鉴别CNPA与单纯曲霉球。IPA临床表现缺乏特征性。影像改变未见典型晕征及空气半月征,肺外播散少见,药物治疗首选伏立康唑。     

肺曲霉病40例的临床分析

目的：探讨肺曲霉病的临床表现、影像学特点、诊断和治疗,以提高对本病的认识。方法：回顾性分析本院2002年1月-2009年4月经病理确诊为肺曲霉病住院患者40例,总结其临床表现、影像学特点、诊断及治疗情况。结果：40例肺曲霉病患者中,曲菌球23例、侵袭性肺曲霉病17例。合并有基础疾病者36例（90．0％）：其中,肺结核15例（37．5％）,支气管扩张6例（15．0％）。肺曲霉病的主要症状为咳嗽32例（80．0％）,咳痰25例（62．5％）,咯血24例（60．0％0。影像学表现多样,肿块结节型23例（57．5％）,渗出型12例（30．0％）空洞样病灶12例（30．0％）,“洞中球征”和“晕征”各8例（20．0％）。所有病例均经过病理检出,手术切除后病理检出26例（65．0％）,纤维支气管镜下活检栓出12例（30．0％）,CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检检出2例。本组病例中,26倒在病理诊断前被初诊误诊,误诊率高达65．0％,初诊为肺结核13例（32．5％）,肺癌8例（20．0％）,细菌感染3例,支气管扩张并感染2例。26例（65．0％）经外科手术切除,随访均无复发;10例（25．O％）经抗真菌药物治疗,9例痊愈或显效。结论：肺曲霉病多继发于肺部基础疾病,临床表现以咳嗽、咳痰、反复间断咯血为主,缺乏特异性;影像学表现复杂多样。曲菌球和侵袭性肺曲霉病的发病危险因素、临床表现、影像学以及治疗方法均有不同。肺曲霉病误诊率高,确诊有赖于组织病理学;外科治疗和抗真菌药物治疗有较好的疗效。     

肺曲霉病临床特点及预后转归分析

目的 回顾性分析肺曲霉菌病的临床特征、影像学特点、手术治疗方式、随访资料,以期通过本研究提高对该病的认识水平,为制定更合理的临床治疗方案提供依据.方法 对丽水市中心医院心胸外科及呼吸内科2006年到2011年间确诊的50例肺曲霉菌病住院病例进行回顾性研究,按影像学特征及病理学特征分为27例慢性坏死性肺曲菌病(CNPA)和23例肺曲霉球(PA),并分析其临床及随访资料.结果 慢性坏死性肺曲菌病和肺曲霉球在性别,年龄,临床症状、基础疾病方面差异无统计学意义,都好发于陈旧性肺结核与支气管扩张患者.影像学上,CNPA和PA均可出现空气新月征,均好发于两肺上叶,但前者有胸膜增厚,空洞周围浸润阴影、厚壁空洞和洞壁不规则等特征.病理学上,CNPA和PA都可见锐角分支、有隔膜的曲霉菌丝,但前者有组织出血、坏死、微脓肿和炎性反应细胞浸润等特征.单因素分析后证实大咯血,体重减轻,是术后并发症危险因素.多因素通过COX风险比例回归分析证实年轻,无大咯血是生存预后有利因素.结论 组织病理学是鉴别慢性坏死性肺曲菌病(CNPA)和肺曲菌球(PA)金标准.空气新月征,是二者特征性CT表现,大咯血是术后生存独立的危险因素.手术切除完整的PA患者生存预后优于CNPA患者,提示对于CNPA患者术后需常规预防抗曲菌治疗.     

252例胸膜恶性肿瘤的临床病理分析

目的：探讨胸膜恶性肿瘤的病理类型、肿瘤所占比例、临床病理特征及鉴别诊断。方法：结合病理形态学及免疫组化方法对252例胸膜恶性肿瘤进行诊断及鉴别诊断。结果：252例胸膜恶性肿瘤包括胸膜穿刺活检120例,胸腔镜活检25例,伴有胸膜转移的恶性胸水107例;男性143例,女性109例,年龄19—87岁,平均年龄59．9岁。临床主要症状是胸闷、气短、咳嗽、胸痛等。CT表现为胸膜增厚、胸水（90％）、多发或单发胸膜结节和原发器官占位性病变。活检病例中,转移性癌86例（34．1％）,包括肺腺癌64例（25．4％）,小细胞癌11例（4．4％）,鳞癌11例（4．4％）,恶性间皮瘤47例（18．7％）,滑膜肉瘤9例（3．6％）,非霍奇金淋巴瘤3例（1．2％）;恶性胸水病例病例中转移性癌95例（37．7％）,包括肺腺癌85例（33．7％）,小细胞癌6例（2．4％）,鳞癌2例（0．8％）,乳腺腺癌2例（0．8％）,恶性间皮瘤8例（3．2％）,非霍奇金淋巴瘤4例（1．6％）。结论：胸膜恶性肿瘤中以转移性腺癌多见,其次为恶性间皮瘤,结合形态学及免疫组织化学检测不同标志物的表达有助于诊断胸膜恶性肿瘤的种类。     

128例侵袭性肺曲霉病临床疗效分析

目的 通过回顾性病例分析,加强对侵袭性肺曲霉病的认识,重视对侵袭性肺曲霉病的分级诊断,从而制定合理治疗方案.方法 对四川大学华西医院201 1年1 ～12月128例诊断为侵袭性肺曲霉病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,重点分析基础疾病、临床表现、影像学表现、诊断及治疗方法.结果 确诊17例;依据宿主危险因素、临床表现及反复痰培养阳性拟诊111例.128例患者均伴有基础疾病.治疗方案包括伏立康唑（86例）,两性霉素B脂质体（1例）,伊曲康唑（12例）,米卡芬净（3例）,卡泊芬净（3例）,两性霉素B去氧胆酸盐（10例）,伏立康唑联合米卡芬净（1例）.治愈或好转81例（63.28％）,自动出院24例（18.75％）,死亡23例（17.97％）.结论 侵袭性肺曲霉病患者多数伴有多种感染危险因素,应当重视侵袭性肺曲霉病的分级诊断,据不同情况给予适当抗真菌治疗,以降低患者病死率.     

肺淋巴瘤的CT表现

目的：肺部淋巴瘤可为原发,亦可为其他部位淋巴瘤的肺部浸润,临床上很少见。准确的影像学诊断对于采取及时的治疗措施具有重要意义,然而该病影像学表现复杂多变,容易与多种其他肺部病变混淆,以往文献对于肺部淋巴瘤的CT影像特征性表现报道不多,本文旨在探讨肺部淋巴瘤的特征性CT表现,以提高该痛影像诊断的准确率。方法：回顾性分析17例病理证实的肺淋巴瘤患者CT资料,分析特征性影像表现。结果：17例中多发者13例,单发者4例。叶段性或斑片状实变影13例,多发结节影13例,肿块状实变影8例,具有两种以上病灶的12例。特征性的征象有：病灶密度均匀（88．2％,15／17）、病灶边缘模糊（82．3％,14／17）、支气管气相（64．7％,11／17）、支气管血管柬增厚（58．8％,10／17）和CT血管造影征（41．2％,7／17）,对诊断有较大意义。结论：肺部淋巴瘤CT表现以多发、多形态病变居多,具有一定特征性影像表现,密度均匀、边缘模糊的实变、团块或结节影,具有支气管气相、支气管血管束增厚、增强扫描可见CT血管造影征等表现可高度提示本病的可能,结合病史、临床表现以及实验室检查,可提高本病的诊断准确率,对于及时开展有效的治疗措施、改善患者预后具有重要的临床意义。     

阿泰宁（酪酸梭菌胶囊）治疗慢性结直肠炎的疗效观察

目的通过临床治疗评价阿泰宁对未确定型结肠炎（IC）和溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的疗效,探讨治疗该病的新方法。方法选择21例IC和UC患者,其中UC诊断参考中华医学会消化病分会炎症性肠病协作组提出的炎症性肠病诊断标准,给予阿泰宁口服,1次3粒,1天3次,连用4-8周。观察治疗期间的临床症状改善情况和治疗结束时进行结肠镜复查并判定其疗效。结果患者的腹泻次数由治疗前（3．60±0．94）次／d,减少到（1．5±0．71）次／d（P〈0．001）;异常便（黏液便、脓血便等）由100％下降为9．5％;腹痛由90．5％下降至14．3％;里急后重由66．7％下降至9．5％。结肠镜查,黏膜基本愈合者10例（47．6％）,黏膜炎症有改善者8例（38．1％）,无改善者3例（14．3％）。临床疗效,完全缓解10例（47．6％）;有效8例（38．1％）;无效3例（14．3％）,总有效率为85．7％。12例确诊UC患者中完全缓解6例（50％）,有效4例（33．3％）,无效2例（16．7）,总有效率为83．3％。结论阿泰宁对IC和UC患者有较好的治疗效果,能明显地改善临床症状和促进受损的肠黏膜愈合,值得推广应用。     

宫颈癌治疗后未控或复发135 例分析

目的：探讨宫颈癌治疗后未控、复发的相关因素。方法：回顾性分析2000年8月至2003年8月山东省肿瘤医院妇瘤科收治的135例治疗后复发或未控的宫颈癌患者的临床病理资料,分析初治时的发病年龄、临床分期、病理类型、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤生长形态、肿瘤大小以及初治方法和完成情况。结果：发病年龄最小27岁,最大72岁,平均年龄49．9岁,发病年龄≤35y的患者18例（13．1％）;Ⅰ期3例（2．2％）、Ⅱ期52例（38．5％）、Ⅲ期80例60．0％;鳞癌104（75．6％）、腺癌26例（19．3％）、特殊类型7例（5．1％）;高分化14例（10．4％）、中分化88例（53．6％）、低分化33例（24．4％）;糜烂型Ⅱ例（0．7％）、菜花型33例（24．4％）、结节型69例（51．1％）、空洞型27例（20％）、颈管型5例（3．7％）;肿瘤直径≥4cm患者93例（68．9％）;48例患者首选手术治疗,其中外院手术22例、术中有肿瘤残留的10例、术后病理提示具有预后危险因素而未在4周内补充治疗的17例;87例患者放疗为主,其中37例门诊放疗、21例放疗时间超过3个月。结论：宫颈癌治疗后来控、复发的相关因素有临床期别晚、非鳞癌等多种,应争取早期发现、规范治疗采提高疗效。     

胸部急性创伤的x线诊断

目的：探讨X线对胸部急性创伤的诊断价值及特征,提高对胸部创伤的诊断。方法：回顾分析160例胸部急性创伤的临床病例资料,对X线表现进行分析和讨论。结果：胸部创伤X线上有多种表现,其中肺部渗出性病变61．25％（98／160）,肺血肿3．75％（6／160）,肺囊肿2．5％（4／160）,肺不张2．5％（4／160）,血气胸52．5％（84／160）,气胸31．25％（50／160）,纵隔及皮下气肿40％（64／160）,创伤性隔疝2．5％（4／160）,肋骨骨折86．25％（138／160）。结论：胸部急性创伤的X线表现多种多样,但均具有一定的特征性X线表现,伤后连续的X线复查并紧密结合临床,有助于提高诊断的准确性。     

侵袭性曲霉菌病13例临床特点分析

目的分析侵袭性肺曲霉病(IPA)的临床特点,提高对本病的认识。方法对13例确诊的IPA患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 IPA患者中存在基础疾病或危险因素者占69.2%(9/13);临床表现包括咳嗽、黄痰(13/13)、高热(11/13)、胸闷或呼吸困难(7/13)和咯血(2/13)等;92.3%(12/13)患者有高白细胞血症,WBC大多为(15~30)×109;10例G试验检测的患者中有9例出现阳性;影像学检查:肺内多发空洞及"空气新月征"9例(69.2%),"晕轮征"2例(15.4%),支气管炎表现6例(46.2%),胸腔积液3例(23.1%),颅内播散病灶1例;气管镜检查以粘膜水肿、脓痰、管腔坏死物为主;9例患者痰培养或肺泡灌洗液培养阳性(占69.2%),所有患者病理检查均见曲霉菌丝。所有患者均接受抗真菌药物治疗,4例好转出院,9例恶化放弃治疗或死亡。结论 IPA是临床严峻挑战;掌握该病的临床特点、实验室检查和胸部影像特征,及时的气管镜、组织病理检查有助于IPA确诊。临床医师应高度重视曲霉病。     

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Elderly Patients with an Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of Unknown Origin

Patients with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and non-specific symptoms often pose a diagnostic dilemma. PET/CT visualises infection, inflammation and malignancy, all of which may cause elevated ESR. The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of 18F-fluorodeoxglucose positron emission tomography (PET/CT) in the diagnostic work-up of referred patients with an elevated ESR, in whom initial routine evaluation did not reveal a diagnosis. We conducted a combined retrospective (A) and prospective (B) study in elderly (>50 years) patients with a significantly elevated ESR of≥50 mm/h and non-specific complaints. In study A, 30 patients were included. Malignancy (8 patients), auto-inflammatory disease (8 patients, including 5 with large-vessel vasculitis) and infection (3 patients) were suggested by PET/CT. Two scans showed non-specific abnormalities and 9 scans were normal. Of the 21 abnormal PET/CT results, 12 diagnoses were independently confirmed and two alternative diagnosis were made. Two diagnoses were established in patients with a normal scan. In study B, 58 patients in whom a prior protocolised work-up was non-diagnostic, were included. Of these, 25 PET/CT-scans showed suspected auto-inflammatory disease, particularly large-vessel vasculitis (14 cases). Infection and malignancy was suspected in 5 and 3 cases, respectively. Seven scans demonstrated non-specific abnormalities, 20 were normal. Of the 40 abnormal PET/CT results, 22 diagnoses were confirmed, 3 alternative diagnoses were established. Only one diagnosis was established in the 20 patients with a normal scan. In both studies, the final diagnosis was based on histology, clinical follow-up, response to therapy or additional imaging. In conclusion, PET/CT may be of potential value in the diagnostic work-up of patients with elevated ESR if routine evaluation reveals no diagnosis. In particular, large-vessel vasculitis appears to be a common finding. A normal PET/CT scan in these patients suggests that it is safe to follow a wait-and-see policy.     

Re-evaluation of histological diagnoses of malignant mesothelioma by immunohistochemistry

Background

In order to provide reliable tissue material for malignant mesothelioma (MM) studies, we re-evaluated biopsies and autopsy material from 61 patients with a diagnosis of MM from the period of 1980-2002.

Methods

Basic positive (Calretinin, EMA, Podoplanin, Mesothelin) and negative (CEA, Ber-Ep4) immunohistochemical (IHC) marker reactions were determined. If needed, more markers were used. Histological diagnoses were made by three pathologists. Survival data were calculated.

Results

49 cases (80%) were considered being MM by a high degree of likelihood, five more cases possible MM. Of the remaining seven cases, three were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, three as pleomorphic lung carcinoma, in one peritoneal case a clear entity diagnosis could not be given. One of the possible MM cases and two of the lung carcinoma cases had this already as primary diagnoses, but were registered as MM. With a sensitivity of 100%, Calretinin and CEA were the most reliable single markers. The amount of MM cells with positive immunoreactivity (IR) for Podoplanin and Mesothelin showed most reliable inverse relation to the degree of atypia. In the confirmed MM cases, there had been applied either no IHC or between one and 18 markers. The cases not confirmed by us had either lacked IHC (n = 1), non-specific markers were used (n = 4), IR was different (n = 1), or specific markers had not shown positive IR in the right part of the tumour cells (n = 3). 46 of the 49 confirmed and three of the not confirmed cases had been diagnosed by us as most likely MM before IHC was carried out.

Conclusions

In order to use archival tissue material with an earlier MM diagnosis for studies, histopathological re-evaluation is important. In possible sarcomatous MM cases without any positive IR for positive MM markers, radiology and clinical picture are essential parts of diagnostics. IHC based on a panel of two positive and two negative MM markers has to be adapted to the differential diagnostic needs in each single case. New diagnostic tools and techniques are desirable for cases where IHC and other established methods cannot provide a clear entity diagnosis, and in order to improve MM treatment.     

维持性腹膜透析患者并发真菌性腹膜炎的易感因素和结局分析

目的分析腹膜透析相关性真菌性腹膜炎(FP)发生率、致病菌、治疗情况和预后。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年10月陆军军医大学第二附属医院腹膜透析中心发生的18例FP,选择与同期收治非真菌性腹膜炎113例比较,记录所有FP患者的临床资料,治疗方法和转归,分析FP发生的易感因素和结局。结果腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎共389例次,FP 18例次,占4.6%。其中白念珠菌6例(33.3%)、近平滑念珠菌5例(27.8%)、无名念珠菌3例(16.7%)、光滑念珠菌2例(11.1%)、热带念珠菌1例(5.6%)和克柔念珠菌(5.6%)1例。与非真菌性腹膜炎相比较,FP组腹透时间更长(P<0.001)、既往抗生素使用率高(P<0.001)、血浆白蛋白(ALB)更低(P<0.001)、C反应蛋白(CRP)更高(P<0.001)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)和血磷(P)水平更高(P<0.001)。Logistic回归分析结果显示腹透时间越长、1个月内使用抗生素、低ALB和高CRP是发生FP的危险因素(P<0.05)。18例次FP中,14例患者拔管转血透(77.8%),4例患者死亡(22.2%),FP组腹膜透析技术失败率和死亡率明显高于BP组。结论腹透时间越长、既往使用抗生素、低ALB和高CRP是FP的易感因素。FP是腹膜透析的严重并发症,是导致技术失败的主要原因,确诊后早期拔管可降低死亡率。     

肺隐球菌病12例临床分析

目的 提高对隐球菌病的认识.方法 对确诊为肺隐球菌病的12例病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 12例病例中,男性8例,女性4例,年龄31～68岁,平均年龄(51.8±12.6)岁,6例伴有基础疾病,但无1例有鸟类接触史;有临床症状者10例,其中咳嗽8例,咯痰3例,胸痛4例,发热2例,有体征者仅2例;胸部影像表现为:1...     

支原体肺炎合并胸腔积液、肺不张27例临床分析

目的：探讨肺炎支原体肺炎合并胸腔积液、肺不张的诊断和治疗问题。方法：回顾性分析27例MPP合并胸腔积液、肺不张患儿的临床特征、诊治过程的临床资料,并结合文献进行讨论。结果i在27例MPP患儿中,肺CT表现为胸腔积液17例,肺不张10例;24例治愈,1例胸膜肥厚粘连,2例遗留闭塞性细支气管炎。结论：对MPP合并胸腔积液、肺不张患儿应早诊断,早治疗,除应用大环内酯类药物外,应联合应用头孢菌素,激素及丙种球蛋白,疗效肯定。     

Leptospirotic etiology in pulmonary and upper respiratory tract pathology

A number of 3,200 febrile patients who presented upon admission to hospital primary pulmonary or upper respiratory tract impairment either as single forms of manifestation or associated to other syndromes were tested. The cases were screened by the rapid slide agglutination reaction with heat inactivated Patoc antigen and leptospirotic etiology was confirmed by the ultramicroscopic agglutination reaction with 18 live circulating pathogenic antigens. 64 leptospirosis cases with pulmonary impairment were confirmed and in 52 cases the upper respiratory tract was involved. Particular aspects of leptospirosis with pulmonary impairment: 71.8% of cases had a clinical diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia; 89% of cases presented important chest x-ray modifications; in an approximately equal number of cases the pulmonary involvement was the single manifestation or was associated with other syndromes; icterohaemorrhagiae, wolffi and pomona were the frequently encountered infecting serotypes. Particular aspects for leptospirosis involving the upper respiratory tract: 84.6% of cases had a clinical diagnosis of acute rhino-pharyngotracheitis; in 86.5% of cases the upper respiratory tract impairment was the single feature; the infecting serotypes were in decreasing order of frequency as follows: icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, wolffi, canicola, grippotyphosa.     

Human Cutaneous Protothecosis: A Case Report and Review of Cases from Mainland China,Hong Kong,and Taiwan

We present a case of cutaneous protothecosis caused by Prototheca wickerhamii infection. The patient was a 72-year-old man with hypoalbuminemia. He responded well to fluconazole treatment. We reviewed this case along with 17 other cases of cutaneous protothecosis reported from mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Of the 18 cases, 7 each occurred in mainland China and Taiwan, and 4 occurred in Hong Kong. Thirteen cases were caused by P. wickerhamii (72.2%), and three were caused by P. zopfii (16.7%); in two cases, the species was not identified (11.1%). In all, 9 (50%) patients were immunocompromised, and 10 (55.5%) patients denied having a history of trauma. All patients presented with polymorphic skin lesions, and erythematous papules, plaques, or nodules was the most common presentation (15/18, 83.3%). Genotyping was performed in five cases, mostly by means of small subunit ribosomal DNA amplification (four cases). Susceptibility tests (6 patients) showed that P. wickerhamii was sensitive to amphotericin B and voriconazole but resistant to fluconazole or itraconazole. Treatment succeeded in 15 (83.3%) patients and failed in 3 (16.7%). Our data indicate that the number of cutaneous protothecosis cases is underestimated in China, and the skin lesions have some diagnostic value.     

神经梅毒的诊断与治疗（附23例分析）

观察神经梅毒的临床特点,以提高对神经梅毒的诊断与治疗水平。回顾性分析哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院2005年1月至2010年12月收治的23例神经梅毒患者的临床资料。神经梅毒患者男17例（73.9%）,女6例（26.1%）,男女比约为2.8∶1;年龄27~71岁,平均年龄43.1岁。本组首发症状：麻痹性痴呆（7例）、精神异常（3例）、急性脑梗死（3例）、癫痫（2例）、脊髓病变（2例）、颅高压（2例）、周围神经损害（2例）、脑神经损害（1例）、无症状性神经梅毒（1例）。23例患者血清及脑脊液快速血浆反应素实验及梅毒螺旋体血凝试验均呈阳性反应。颅脑电子计算机断层扫描（CT）和/或磁共振成像（MRI）检查多表现为额叶、顶叶、颞叶、基底节等多发病变。本组患者经大剂量青霉素治疗后病情有显著改善20例,死亡1例,自动出院2例。神经梅毒的临床表现复杂多样,神经系统各部位均可受累,诊断依靠病史及临床表现、实验室血清及脑脊液梅毒抗体检测,误诊率高,应早期诊断,诊断后应进行规范治疗,早期治疗效果较好。