香石竹的脱病毒苗与带病毒苗生长发育特征比较

以香石竹（Dianthus caryophyllus L.）,带病毒组培苗和扦插苗作为对照,研究香石竹脱病毒苗在苗期和花期的生长发育特征。实验结果表明,在苗期,香石竹脱病毒苗在株高、叶片数、分枝数、叶面积和根、茎、叶的干重等大多数营养生长发育指标明显优于对照。在花期,脱病毒苗在花苞和花朵直径,花枝高度和粗度等花质量指标明显优于对照,且脱掉病毒显著提高了花产量,缩短了生长发育期。     

香石竹的脱病毒苗与带病毒苗生长发育特性比较

以香石竹(DianthuscaryophyllusL.)带病毒组培苗和扦插苗作为对照,研究香石竹脱病毒苗在苗期和花期的生长发育特性.实验结果表明,在苗期,香石竹脱病毒苗在株高、叶片数、分枝数、叶面积和根、茎、叶的干重等大多数营养生长发育指标明显优于对照.在花期,脱病毒苗在花苞和花朵直径,花枝高度和粗度等花质量指标明显优于对照,且脱掉病毒显著提高了花产量,缩短了生长发育期.     

香石竹斑驳病毒(CarMV)脱除对几种生理指标的影响

感染病毒的香石竹组培苗于(38.5±1)℃条件下热处理29d后,切取0.1～0.2mm的茎尖生长点无菌培养成苗后,经DAS-Elisa检测获得脱除香石竹斑驳病毒(Carnation mottle virus,CarMV)的香石竹脱毒苗,取脱毒苗与非脱毒苗的叶片,测量叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、丙二醛(MDA)、干物质含量几种生理生化指标。结果表明,脱毒苗与非脱毒苗相比:(1)叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量增加,具有较强的光合效率;(2)与抗性生理有关的MDA含量下降,衰老减缓;(3)光合物质的形成与积累增多,干物质含量增加。     

S79株腮腺炎病毒制备纯化抗原用于诊断试剂的研究

以S79株腮腺炎病毒制备纯抗原,用于制备检测腮腺炎抗体(IgG)的ELISA试剂盒。将腮腺炎病毒S79株培养液用中空纤维超滤器进行浓缩,经PEG沉淀后,采用蔗糖密度梯度离心法纯化抗原;以纯化的S79株腮腺炎病毒为包被抗原,制备成ELISA腮腺炎病毒抗体(IgG)诊断试剂,并与SIGMA同类产品进行比较。结果显示,经纯化的S79株抗原的比活力为412.9HAU/mg,杂蛋白清除率为99.5%。应用纯化的S79株腮腺炎病毒抗原制备的ELISA试剂,与SIGMA试剂比较,敏感度为94.4%,特异度为91.7%,一致性为93.3%。结论,以纯化的S79株腮腺炎病毒为包被抗原,可用于大批量ELISA腮腺炎抗体诊断试剂盒的制备。     

砀山酥梨脱病毒苗瓶内生根的研究

以砀山酥梨脱病毒苗作为实验材料,应用正交设计研究了基本培养基、间苯三酚(PG)、IBA和NAA的不同组合对脱病毒苗瓶内直接生根的影响,并进行了瓶内生根培养方式的研究。结果表明:间苯三酚是影响砀山酥梨脱病毒苗瓶内生根的重要因子,瓶内直接生根的最佳培养基组合为ASH 80 mg/L PG 1 mg/L IBA 0.5 mg/LNAA。采用二步生根培养方式,脱病毒苗的综合生根效应优于直接培养生根方式,生根率高达87.5%。     

草莓脱病毒苗的诱导及其光合特性的研究

利用茎尖分生组织(0.2~0.3mm)培养和花药培养, 产生草莓脱病毒苗.茎尖培养脱病毒率在72.7~95.5%间, 花药培养脱病毒率在66.7~79.2%间。进行38℃恒温处理茎尖分生组织组培苗, 可提高脱病毒效果。产量比较试验表明, 不同品种的草毒脱病毒苗比对照增产11.7~26.2%, 花药脱病毒苗和茎尖脱病毒苗的增产效果一致.叶绿素含量和光合作用强度测定表明, 脱病毒苗与对照相比, 叶绿素含量增加2.3~26.9%, 光合作用强度增加6.9~12.1%.     

葡萄试管苗热处理结合茎尖培养脱病毒效果的研究

对７个生食葡萄品种的试管苗热处理结合茎尖剥离培养脱除病毒的方法做了研究,结果表明,从热处理试管苗剥离的茎尖培养成活率为６１．２％,其中有１８．１％的成苗。各品种热处理试管苗剥离的茎尖分化再生能力不同：先形成愈伤组织的成苗率较低,而先分化芽的茎尖成苗率较高。这一方法对扇叶病毒和卷叶病毒的脱除率达９２％以上。     

植物激素对砀山酥梨脱病毒苗增殖生长的影响

砀山酥梨脱病毒苗培养基中添加外源激素能通过调节内源激素的含量,从而控制脱病毒苗的增殖和生长。苄基腺嘌呤(benzyladen ine,BA)处理可提高脱病毒苗内源玉米素核苷(zeatin riboside,ZR)含量,而脱病毒苗的有效增殖芽数与IAA/ZR比值呈显著负相关;1萘-乙酸(1-naphthalene acetic ac id,NAA)处理可显著提高内源吲哚乙酸(indole acetic ac id,IAA)含量,较高的内源IAA含量有利于芽梢的生长;继代组培苗体内含有一定量的内源赤霉素(G iberllic Ac id,GA1 3),适量的外源GA3处理,可提高内源GA1 3含量而显著降低脱落酸(absc isic ac id,ABA)含量,促进芽梢的伸长和叶面积的扩大。     

新型布尼亚病毒抗体检测方法的建立及初步应用简

目的：建立新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体ELISA检测方法。方法：用基因工程重组表达的新型布尼亚病毒NP抗原包被酶联板,建立间接ELISA法检测新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体,并进行特异性和灵敏度评价,健康人群中检测结果计算临界值（均值＋3标准差）。检测70例发热伴血小板减少综合征患者恢复血清和69份健康人血清样品。结果：在70份患者血清样品中,检测出新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体阳性51例,阳性率为72．14％（51/70）;69份健康人血清样品中,检测出1份阳性,特异性为98．6％（1/69）。结论：建立的新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体ELISA检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高,可用于新型布尼亚病毒感染的检测及流行病学调查。     

Polyclonal Antibodies to the Coat Protein of Carnation etched ring virus Expressed in Bacterial System: Production and Use in Immunodiagnosis†

Carnation etched ring virus (CERV), is the most widespread virus in carnation cultivars after Carnation mottle virus. It's incidences has been reported worldwide. It has double stranded DNA genome with the length of ∼8 kbp. Primers were designed for CERV coat protein gene (1482 bp) amplification and directional and inframe cloning in expression vector, pET‐28a(+) (Novagen, USA), using Escherichia coli strain BL 21 strain competent cells. Expression conditions for maximum recovery of soluble recombinant protein was standardized. The in vitro expressed protein was purified and was used as an antigen for raising antisera. Both intramuscular and sub‐cutaneous routes were used separately for antisera production and the antisera was purified. Some of the antisera was used for enzyme conjugate preparation. This antiserum and conjugate were then used for formulation of an ELISA‐based diagnostic kit for CERV detection. Its properties were compared with the commercially available kit. In all cases, with both glasshouse and field material, the antibodies had good detectability and specificity. These antibodies combine specificity to the target protein and versatility with regard to all the more important serological techniques.     

天津近郊番茄病毒类型的研究

应用ELISA间接法检测出天津近郊番茄上至少有9种病毒类型。且首次检测出国内在番茄上尚未报道的番茄黑环病毒(TBRV)、绒毛烟斑驳病毒(VTMoV)。经生物学测定还分离出番茄上表现枯斑型的86-125和在豇豆上产生大红斑的86-95-15均与13种抗血清呈阴性反应的杆状待测病毒。     

香石竹植株再生及基因工程研究进展

本文对香石竹的再生体系、遗传转化体系及其分子育种现状作了较为系统的总结。香石竹的再生体系多以器官直接再生不定芽为主,而通过愈伤组织和体细胞胚途径再生报道较少。用农杆菌介导法和基因枪法均可建立香石竹遗传转化体系,但近年来的研究显示农杆菌介导法应用普遍且比较稳定。近年来以延长香石竹瓶插寿命为目标的分子育种研究已取得较大进展,对其色、香和形等其他重要性状的分子育种也已经起步,而有关香石竹抗性的分子育种有待进一步开拓。     

Incidence of Viruses and Nematode Vectors in Lebanese Vineyards

Surveys for virus diseases and nematode vectors were conducted in 95 commercial vineyards of four different Lebanese districts (Bekaa valley, Mount Lebanon, North and South Lebanon). Out of 915 randomly collected grapevine samples tested by ELISA, 511 (55.8%) were infected by one or more viruses. Grapevine virus A (30.9%) and Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 3 (23.7%) were the prevailing viruses, followed by Grapevine fleck virus (15.1%), Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 1 (10.6%) and Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 2 (8.7%). Arabis mosaic virus was not found whereas Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and Grapevine virus B were little represented. The most important Lebanese grapevine varieties, i.e. Maghdouchi, Tfeifihi and Beitamouni, had average infection rates between 70% and 87%, whereas varieties of foreign origin had a better sanitary status with the exception of cvs Cinsaut and Thompson (c. 83% infection). Grapevine rupestris stem pitting‐associated virus was detected in 79 of 90 (87.8%) samples tested by RT‐PCR and closteroviruses were recorded in seven of 70 (10%) vines tested. One of these viruses was identified as Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 5 by ELISA and partial genome sequencing. No nepoviruses other than GFLV were detected in any of 90 samples tested using three different sets of degenerate primers. Xiphinema index was found in 23 of 89 soil samples collected from vineyards, and in three of 15 samples collected primarily under fig trees in fields where no grapevines were grown.     

多重RT-PCR同时检测鉴别三种对虾病毒的研究与应用

根据基因库中对虾桃拉综合征病毒（TSV）、白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）、传染性皮下和造血器官坏死病毒（IHHNV）的基因序列,分别设计了三对特异性引物,通过对多重RT—PCR扩增条件的优化,研究建立了可同时检测鉴别TSV、WSSV和IHHNV的多重RT—PCR。该技术对同一样品中的TSV RNA、WSSV DNA和IHHNV DNA模板进行扩增,结果均同时得到3条大小与实验设计相符的231bp（TSV）、593bp（WSSV）和356bp（IHHNV）的特异性多重RT—PCR扩增带,对其它对虾病原核酸的扩增结果为阴性。敏感性试验结果表明,该技术最低能检测到10pgTSV RNA、100pg WSSV DNA和100pg IHHNV DNA。临床检测试验结果表明,该技术对TSV、WSSV和I—HHNV的检出率明显高于传统的临床症状观察和组织病理学检查,提示该技术适用于这三种病毒的临床快速检测和鉴别诊断。     

6-苄基腺嘌呤和激动素对香石竹切花衰老的生理效应

6-苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA）和激动素（KT）均能改善香石竹切花体内的水分平衡,增加切花的鲜重,增大花径,提高过氧化物酶（POD）活性,延缓可溶性蛋白质含量下降以及丙二醛（MDA）含量和O2^-·于生成速率的增加,延长切花瓶插寿命2～3d。     

Sweet Potato Virus Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence that Neglect of Seedlings in the Traditional Farming System Hinders the Development of Superior Resistant Landraces

Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) occurs in sweet potato at all localities on the perimeter of Lake Victoria areas surveyed in Uganda and Tanzania, and was particularly common in Kagera District in Tanzania and in Rukungiri District in Uganda. All fields were planted with landraces and the most important control practices, as perceived by farmers, were the planting of cuttings derived from only symptomless parents and destroying diseased plants. Although SPVD-resistant landraces were available, they were perceived by most farmers to have poor and late yields. Most farmers considered that their greatest need was new, more acceptable, SPVD-resistant genotypes. Few farmers had seen either sweet potato seeds (15%) or sweet potato seedlings (11%) and, of those that had, most had ignored them. The lack of seedlings and their neglect by farmers is likely to be hindering the evolution of more acceptable, SPVD-resistant landraces, and is probably responsible for SPVD being a long-term disease problem.     

脂筏在病毒感染中的作用

脂筏是细胞膜上富含鞘脂和胆固醇的微区结构,广泛分布于细胞的膜系统.脂筏中含有诸多信号分子和免疫受体,在细胞的生命活动中扮演非常重要的角色.更为重要的是,脂筏为细胞表面发生的蛋白质-蛋白质和蛋白质-脂类分子间的相互作用提供了平台.研究表明,很多病毒可以利用细胞膜表面的脂筏结构介导其侵入宿主细胞,一些病毒可以借助脂筏结构完成病毒颗粒的组装和出芽.本文将综述不同类型的病毒如SV40、HIV等借助脂筏完成入侵以及流感病毒等利用脂筏完成组装和出芽的证据及机理,并概述目前研究病毒与脂筏相互作用的方法及存在的问题.深入研究脂筏在病毒感染中的作用,将有助于对病毒与宿主细胞的相互作用的理解,从而可能发现新的、有效的对抗病毒的方法。