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1.
Somatic embryos were obtained from callus cultures derived from leaf explants of the winged bean, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. Initiation and development of the somatic embryos occurred with a two-step culture method. Callus cultures initiated on MS medium with NAA and BAP, upon transfer to a new medium with IAA and BAP, produced somatic embryos. Maximum embryogenesis of 60% was obtained on induction medium with 0.5 mg/l NAA plus 1.0 mg/l BAP followed by transfer to a secondary medium with 0.1 mg/l IAA and 2.0 mg/l BAP. Optimal embryo germination and plantlet development was achieved on MS medium with 0.2 mg/l BAP plus 0.1 mg/l IBA. The regenerated plants were successfully transferred to glasshouse conditions.Abbreviations MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
Indole-3-butyric acid
- BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- KN
Kinetin 相似文献
2.
Adventitious shoots were obtained from leaf and stem callus of Eucalyptus tereticornis SM. Callus was induced on B5 medium with 0.1 mg/l benzyladenine (BA) and 3 or 5 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid in the dark. Shoot initiation occurred on modified Woody Plant medium (mWP) containing 0.5 mg/l BA, 500 mg/l polyvinylpyrrolidone and 10% (v/v) coconut milk. Multiple shoots were also regenerated directly from hypocotyl segments of 4 to 6 week old seedlings on B5 medium with 0.5 mg/l BA. Regenerated shoots could be rooted with 100% efficiency on mWP medium containing 0.5 mg/l indolebutyric acid and transferred to soil in the greenhouse. Suspension cultures were obtained from the callus using B5 medium with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Callus clumps grew from less than 1 mm to 4–6 mm in diameter within two weeks on transfer to shoot regeneration medium but failed to form shoots or somatic embryos.Abbreviations BA
Benzyladenine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IBA
Indolebutyric acid
- NAA
Naphthaleneacetic acid
- PVP
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
- mWP
modified Woody Plant medium
Scientific Contribution No. 1689 from New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
3.
Callus was obtained from segments of immature inflorescence of Coix lacryma-jobi cultured on N6 medium containing 1–2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 3–5% sucrose. Plantlets were regenerated when embryogenic calluses were transferred onto MS medium with 0.5 mg/l kinetin and 0.01 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Regenerated plants had the diploid chromosome number (2n=20). 相似文献
4.
Plant regeneration from somatic embryogenic suspension cultures of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John J. Finer 《Plant cell reports》1988,7(6):399-402
Maintainable, highly embryogenic suspension cultures of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Coker 310) have been obtained. Callus cultures were initiated from cotyledonary tissues from aseptically-germinated seedlings. To establish the suspension cultures, callus tissue was placed in a liquid medium containing either 0.5 mg/l picloram or 0.1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. For proliferation of the embryogenic suspension, 5 mg/l of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was used. Embryo development took place when the embryogenic tissue was transferred to an auxin-free liquid medium containing 15 mM glutamine. Early embryo development was fairly synchronous and large numbers of somatic embryos were produced. Regenerated plants were fertile and smaller than seed-derived plants.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid 相似文献
5.
Stem segments of adult plants of Ficus religiosa L. cultured on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D produced callus. Shoots were regenerated when the induced calli were transferred to medium supplemented with 0.05 to 2.0 mg/l BAP. Callus derived shoots produced roots and developed into plantlets when transferred to medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA.Abbreviations MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962)
- BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
6.
An efficient protocol was developed for in vitro plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from cell suspension cultures
of metal tolerant grass Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. Callus was obtained by culturing leaf base on MS medium supplemented
with 0.5 mg dm-3 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2.0 mg dm-3 of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Cell suspensions were initiated and established in MS liquid medium containing 0.5 mg
dm-3 BAP, 1.0 mg dm-3 NAA and 2.0 mg dm-3 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). A reduction in the concentration of 2,4-D to 0.5 mg dm-3 induced formation of somatic embryos. The embryos developed and grew into normal plants in the presence of half strength
MS medium without growth regulators. The regenerated plants were hardened in the greenhouse and subsequently grown in the
open. This system may be also used for isolation and culture of protoplasts as a first step in somatic hybridization.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Callus was induced in different somatic organs of Oryza sativa L. Specific minimum 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) concentrations in the medium were necessary for the induction of callus from different organs while high levels of 2,4-D (6–10 mg/l) induced callus formation in each organ tested. The optimum 2,4-D concentration for callus induction and growth for root-derived calli was 2 mg/l and for leaf-derived 6 mg/l. Root and shoot organogenesis were induced in both root- and leaf-derived calli by sub-culturing to a medium lacking 2,4-D. Root organogenesis occurred at a higher frequency than shoot organogenesis. Shoot organogenesis rarely occurred in calli without differentiated roots. Increased age of callus cultures almost completely inhibited shoot development. The addition of the cytokinin 6-γ,γ-dimethylallyl-amino purine partially restored the potential for shoot organogenesis. Whole plants were easily recovered from the calli and grown to maturity with some plants exhibiting phenotypic abnormalities. 相似文献
8.
Explants for tissue culture were derived from mesocotyl plate tissue of Echinocha crus-galli var. oryzicola and E. muricata seedlings germinated under anaerobic conditions. Callus was initiated in the dark under aerobic conditions on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium plus 10 or 5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2 mg/l of 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP). Transfer of this callus tissue into the light on MS medium containing low auxin (≤ 5 mg/l) readily resulted in the formation of green plantlets. Scanning electron microscopic observations revealed that regeneration occured through the formation of somatic embryros. Capacity for regeneration is maintained after repeated callus subculture. This regenerative capacity via somatic embyros provides a valuable research system for continuing the study of the metabolism and developmental physiology of Echinochloa. 相似文献
9.
《Plant science》1986,47(1):35-43
Plants were regenerated from cotyledonary and root explants of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars and breeding lines of diverse sex type, growth habit, and processing quality and from cotyledonary explants of muskmelon (C. melo L.). Somatic embryogenesis was induced on a medium consisting of Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1.0 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine. Embryos matured on the same medium without 2,4-D, and developed into normal plants on a hormone-free MS medium. Cucumber plants were also regenerated from cotyledonary protoplasts using a modified tomato protocol. 相似文献
10.
Adventitious shoots were formed through callus on leaf explants of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (River red gum) taken from shoot cultures of mature trees. Callus formed in dark on a medium containing 1 g/l casein hydrolysate, 3 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.1 mg/l 6-benzyladenine and 50 g/l sucrose. Shoot initiation occurred in 4 weeks on calli shifted to light on a regeneration medium containing 10% coconut milk, 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyladenine and 20 g/l sucrose. Rooting occured in dark on a liquid medium containing 4 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. Zygotic embryos of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook f. (Lemon scented gum) cultured in dark on a medium containing 3 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 50 g/l sucrose formed somatic embryoids which grew to normal plantlets on the same regeneration medium used for organogenesis.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzyladenine
- CH
Casein hydrolysate
- CM
Coconut Milk
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
NCL Communication no. 4162 相似文献
11.
S. W. Hussain W. M. Williams 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(4):678-690
Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb and T. repens L. are taxonomically related but very difficult to cross. The rare hybrids so far reported between these two species were
obtained only by embryo culture. This difficulty has been overcome in the present research by the creation of a “fertile bridge”
between T. ambiguum and T. repens. Characters of interest can now be transferred from T. ambiguum to T. repens by using this “fertile bridge” without the use of sophisticated techniques. An array of backcross progenies was generated
from crosses between a T. ambiguum×T. repens F1 hybrid (8x H-435) and its parental species. The 8x hybrid was cross-fertile only with T. repens and resulted in 145 seeds from 1578 reciprocal crosses. Eleven of nineteen initially grown BC1F1 plants were all hexaploid with an average pollen stainability of 41.6%. A high frequency of multivalents at metaphase-I indicated
that both autosyndetic and allosyndetic pairing occurred. Backcrosses of 6x BC1F1 plants to T. repens resulted in 5x BC2F1 plants with an average pollen stainability of 59.3%. On the other hand, 6x BC1F1×6x T. ambiguum crosses did not produce any seed and only two pentaploid plants were obtained from 6x BC1F1×4x T. ambiguum crosses. The difficulty encountered in generating 6x backcross progeny with 6x T. ambiguum was overcome by intercrossing the 6x BC1F1 plants and producing 6x BC1F2 plants with an average pollen stainability of 65.8%. One of these 6x BC1F2 plants was cross-compatible as a female with 6x T. ambiguum and resulted in CBC2 plants that were all cross-compatible with 6x T. ambiguum. The 6x BC1F2 plants are likely to be superior to 6x BC1F1 progeny, as they have exhibited better expression of the combined rhizomatous and stoloniferous growth habit, improved fertility,
more frequent nodal rooting and heavier nodulation. Consequently, the 6x BC1F2 plants can either be used directly in the selection programme or as a “fertile bridge” between the two parental species.
The present work has resulted in the development of a series of fertile hybrids by the manipulation of chromosome numbers,
combining the agronomic characteristics of the parent species in varying genome balances and at a range of ploidy levels.
It is concluded that the initial sterility of the primary interspecific hybrids need not be a barrier to successful inter-breeding.
Received: 2 August 1996 / Accepted: 4 April 1997 相似文献
12.
The study was carried out to establish in vitro culture conditions for plant regeneration of tef, Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter. Mature seeds of two Ethiopian varieties, DZ-01-354 and DZ-01-196, were used to initiate callus cultures
on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different auxins. Four- and 8-week-old calli induced on a medium with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D) were subcultured onto various media to induce somatic embryogenesis. Compact, nodulated, embryogenic callus was
observed after transfer onto MS-callus proliferating (CP) medium. Embryogenic tissue appeared on soft and amorphous callus
and developed into somatic embryos during a subsequent subculture to MS embryo-promoting (EP) media. Various growth regulator
combinations were tested in CP and EP media to obtain a high efficiency of somatic embryo formation. The highest frequency
of calli forming somatic embryos (56.1–68.3%) was observed when CP media with 2.0 or 4.0 mg/l 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid were
employed and then cultures were transferred to EP media with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l kinetin followed by 0.5 mg/l indole-3-acetic
acid and 0.5 mg/l N6-benzyladenine. Plant development from somatic embryos was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l gibberellic acid.
On average, 71.2% of calli displaying somatic embryos converted into plants. Regenerated plants were successfully transferred
to soil. Neither chlorophyll-deficient plants nor morphological variants were found among regenerants. All regenerated plants
were fertile.
Received: 9 May 1997 / Revision received: 25 September 1997 / Accepted: 3 January 1998 相似文献
13.
Somatic embryogenesis was obtained from cotyledon and mature zygotic embryo callus cultures of Terminalia chebula Retz. Callus cultures of cotyledon and mature zygotic embryo were initiated on induction medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrients with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) either 0.01 or 0.1 mg/l Kinetin and 30 g/l sucrose. Induction of somatic embryogenesis, proliferation and development was obtained through different culture passages. Embryogenic cotyledon callus with globular somatic embryos was obtained on MS basal medium supplemented with 50 g/l sucrose. Globular somatic embryos were observed from mature zygotic embryo callus on induction medium. Different stages of somatic embryo development from cotyledon and mature zygotic embryo calluses were observed on MS basal medium supplemented with 50 g/l sucrose after 4 weeks of culture. Histological studies have revealed the developmental stages of somatic embryos. A maximum of 40.3±1.45 cotyledonary somatic embryos/callus was obtained from mature zygotic embryo compared to 7.70±0.37 cotyledonary somatic embryos/callus initiated from cotyledons. Germination of somatic embryos and conversion to plants were achieved. Highest frequency of germination (46.66±0.88) of somatic embryos was obtained on MS basal medium containing benzyladenine (0.5 mg/l) with 30 g/l sucrose. 相似文献
14.
The morphogenetic potential of node, internode and leaf explants of Brahmi [Bacopa monniera (L.) Wettst.] was investigated to develop reliable protocols for shoot regeneration and somatic embryogenesis. The explants
were excised from shoots raised from axillary buds of nodal explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. Presence
of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or kinetin influenced the degree of callus formation, from which a large number of shoot buds
regenerated. Leaf explants gave the largest number of shoot buds followed by node and internode explants. BA was superior
to kinetin; BA at 1.5 – 2.0 mg/l appeared to be optimum for inducing the maximum number of shoot buds. MS + 0.1 mg/l BA +
0.2 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid was the most suitable for shoot elongation. Elongated shoots were rooted on full- or half-strength
MS medium with or without 0.5 – 1.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid or 0.5 – 1.0 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid. The rooted plants were successfully established in soil. Calli derived from nodal explants cultured
on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), when subcultured on MS medium containing 0.1 or 0.5
mg/l BA or 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.1 or 0.5 mg/l kinetin, developed somatic embryos. The somatic embryos germinated either on the
same media or on MS basal medium, and the resulting plantlets were successfully transplanted to soil.
Received: 25 September 1996 / Revision received: 23 October 1997 / Accepted: 12 November 1997 相似文献
15.
Ning Zhang Wei Fang Yan Shi Qianqian Liu Haiyun Yang Renyi Gui Xinchun Lin 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,103(3):325-332
In this study, mature zygotic embryos, plant growth regulators, and various media were tested with the aim of developing an efficient regeneration system for plantlets of the bamboo species Dendrocalamus hamiltonii. Callus formation was induced in explants cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0–3.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Optimal shoot differentiation and subsequent shoot growth were also obtained in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l benzyladenine, 1 mg/l kinetin, and 1 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid. Root induction was enhanced by the addition of 5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid to the culture medium. Histological analysis revealed that both somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis were induced during callus initiation, shoot differentiation, and the development of plantlets from the mature zygotic embryos. Our data provide a useful basis for developing culture protocols for the regeneration of bamboo plants. 相似文献
16.
Katharine W. Richards Earlene A. Rupert 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1980,16(11):925-931
Summary Pistils ofTrifolium repens L. andT. ambiguum Bieb. were cultured on an agar-based modified Murashige-Skoog medium. Pistils with and without accessory floral parts were
removed from flowers of selected clones ofT. repens, hand-pollinated under aseptic conditions, and planted on the medium. Pistils cultured without accessory floral parts showed
no evidence of fertilization after 2 weeks. However, 52% of thoseT. repens pistils cultured with calyx lobes and pedicels contained ovules with maturing embryos 12 days after in vitro cross-pollination.
Pistils fromT. ambiguum intraspecific cross-pollinations could not be cultured successfully under the same conditions; however, addition of various
combinations of auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellic acid enhanced embryo growth. Fertilization and partial embryo development
occurred in interspecific crosses betweenT. ambiguum andT. repens orT. hybridum only whenT. ambiguum was used as the pistillate parent. These results indicate that embryological development under in vitro conditions closely
parallels in situ development although growth regulator requirements may vary among species.
This work is Technical Contribution 1785 from the South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station and was supported by SCAES-USDA
Cooperative State Research Agreement No. 616-15-65. 相似文献
17.
Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis was achieved in callus cultures derived from nodal explants of in vitro grown seedlings and excised mature zygotic embryos of three bamboo species on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l kinetin (Kn), 2.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 10 mg/l adenine sulphate (Ads) and 3% (w/v) sucrose incubated in the light or in the dark. Somatic embryos germinated (95–98%) into normal plants and were transferred to soil with 95% success. In vitro flowering was induced on shoots developed from nodal explants taken from somatic embryo regenerated plants of Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus giganteus and Dendrocalamus strictus on half-strength MS basal medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 0.5 mg/l Ads, 0.5 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3) and 3% sucrose.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- Kn
kinetin
- Ads
adenine sulphate
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal medium
- GA3
gibberellic acid 相似文献
18.
Callus cultures were raised from bulb scale segments ofOrinthogalum umbellatum L. (Liliaceae), on a Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) with 8 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Bulbous shoots developed from calli after 2 months using MS medium with 2 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l N6 - benzyladenine (BA). Shoots were also induced directly from scales of regenerated bulb used as secondary explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BA. Shoots developed roots in 1/2 - strength MS medium. Regenerants multiplied rapidly in 1/2-MS liquid medium. Chromosome instability was reduced in callus grown on 2 mg/l NAA compared to callus grown on 8 mg/l NAA. Callus retained regeneration potential for 5 years in this modified MS medium. The chromosome analysis of regenerants dervied from callus, even from long term culture of 5 years, revealed only diploid cells with normal karyotype comprising 2n=46 chromosomes. Stable nature of callus and regenerants were further confirmed by cytophotometry. This procedure can be applied for securing stable regenerants on a mass scale inO. umbellatum. 相似文献
19.
《Plant Science Letters》1979,14(1):63-68
Callus cultures were established from hypocotyls and cotyledons derived from young seedlings of Eucalyptus citriodora. Successful plantlet production from cotyledonary callus was achieved within 6 weeks on Murashige and Skoog's basal medium supplemented with zeatin (1 mg/l) and indoleacetic acid (0.2 mg/l). Leaf and shoot callus obtained from one-year-old plants did not differentiate. Results reported contribute to defining optimal conditions for callus growth and plantlet formation. 相似文献
20.
Callus induction and high frequency plant regeneration in Italian millet (Setaria italica) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Callus was induced from mature seeds of two cultivars of Setaria italica (L.) on Murashige and Skoog's medium (1962) supplemented with 2mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l KN. Regenerating ability of the callus was better in the cultivar 315 compared to 212. Organogenesis was influenced not only by cytokinin, but also by the sucrose concentration in the medium. High frequency (80%) plant regeneration was achieved and quantified on the basis of callus fresh weight. The ability of the callus (cultivar 212) to regenerate whole plants was retained until the 5th passage, but during the 6th passage it declined considerably.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- KN
Kinetin
- BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- MS
Murashige and Skoog basal medium 相似文献