血液透析机的维修实例浅谈

本文针对NIPRO和费森尤斯针两种不同机型的报警进行了处理并分析,及产生报警故障的原因,提出了合理的检修步骤。     

Drger麻醉呼吸设备的维修与探讨

介绍了Dr／tger麻醉机与呼吸机结构与工作原理。Fabius麻醉机潮气量不准与压力报警故障分析及排除方法;呼吸机FiO2低报警与开机后反复起动自检的故障分析及排除方法。     

鱼类报警物质的研究进展

化学报警信号在鱼类的行为、生态以及与环境的互作中发挥重要作用,直接关系到鱼类的生存。根据释放条件的不同,可将鱼类化学报警信号分为焦虑物质和报警物质两种,两者均具有提醒同种个体躲避捕食风险的作用,功能上相互促进。截至目前,仅在少数几种鱼类中发现了焦虑物质,且化学本质未见报道,关于化学报警信号的研究主要集中在报警物质上。该文从报警物质的作用范畴、来源及化学特性方面,对鱼类报警物质的研究进展进行综述,以期为报警物质的进一步研究提供参考。     

红嘴相思鸟鸣声的初步探讨

2005年4～10月,在四川省屏山县老君山自然保护区通过计算机声谱分析技术对红嘴相思鸟的鸣声进行了初步研究。结果表明：红嘴相思鸟具有报警、联络、警戒和惊叫4种鸣声;其中最常见的鸣声为联络鸣声,报警、警戒和惊叫3种鸣声是一个先后连续的鸣叫过程。通过红嘴相思鸟鸣声特点探讨了与其相应行为的关系。     

[反]-β-法尼烯与氟取代物分子结构叠合差异分析

利用计算机辅助分子叠合法对蚜虫报警信息素［反］-β-法尼烯(EBF)的氟取代系列物与EBF的结构进行比较,初步研究了EBF及其氟取代系列物的结构 活性之间的关系。发现对于1氟、2氟及3氟的取代物来说,在分子骨架共轭双键端进行氟取代修饰,所得取代物结构与EBF最为近似,可能具有生物报警活性。     

报警行为：利己还是利他？

自然界中,许多动物都有天敌,但这些动物不仅没有被天敌消灭,还与它们共存了下来,逐步形成了生态平衡。可见,这些聪明的动物们都有着各自的独门秘笈——一套属于自己的防卫策略。而在这些策略中,最直接而又行之有效的方法就是报警,即一个动物会将危险通过某种通讯行为告之另一个或另一群动物。那么,动物们会采取哪些方式报警呢?是不是只有“发出叫声”这一种方式呢?它们报警是为了提醒其他同伴注意,还是为了保护自已呢?种种问题隐藏在报臀行为的背后,等待人们云发掘。     

芬兰产DALT全自动生化仪故障一例

故障现象 每次开机,自检时出现温度报警,提示比色腔温度未到达设定值,但过半个小时后温度又能达到设定值,以后一直正常。该现象均在开机时出现。 故障分析与检查 根据该加热电路原理,比色腔为一长方体,供比色条比色。比色腔的温度是由二组晶体管发热提供。每组有二个晶体管,受控于一只热敏电阻。工作原理:开机时二组晶体管同时工作,其中一组温度高,一组温度低。高温一组是快速升温,当温度升到一定     

红嘴山鸦青藏亚种鸣声的初步探讨

2006 年10月,在四川省若尔盖县铁布自然保护区,对红嘴山鸦鸣声进行了记录并将其主要鸣声进行了声谱分析.非繁殖期红嘴山鸦具有联络、呼唤、应答、报警、惊叫和集群觅食鸣声6种叫声,其中联络和报警声最为常见,呼应声和应答声是一个连续的过程;获得了联络、呼唤、应答、报警、惊叫和集群觅食鸣声6种叫声的语谱图及其频谱特征.初步探讨了红嘴山鸦的鸣声与其相应行为之间的关系.     

蚜虫报警信息素类似物的结构与生物活性关系

利用AccuModel和PowerFit软件比较了蚜虫报警信息素［反］-β-法尼烯（EBF）的氟取代类似物与EBF的结构相似性,并对非EBF系列物结构活性关系进行了研究。结果发现对于一氟取代化合物来说,在分子骨架两端进行取代修饰,所得化合物EBF04, EBF05, EBF12与EBF结构最相似;非EBF系列化合物的扭转角(H25-C4-C5-C1和C5-C6-C7-C8)数值的正负取向对报警活性有明显影响。     

不同种类微生物血培养阳性报警时间分析

目的分析不同病原菌在Bact/Alert 3D血培养仪中的阳性报警时间。方法收集浙江大学医学院附属第一医院2012年10月到2013年8月血培养阳性报警时间,分析病原菌种类,算出各常见病原菌阳性报警的中位时间。结果总共1 472份阳性标本:革兰阳性菌占55.2%,革兰阴性菌占37.5%,真菌占7.3%。对血培养阳性报警时间进行分析:≤12 h、≤24 h、≤48 h报警的病原菌分别为420株(28.5%)、956株(64.9%)、1290株(87.6%)。血培养阳性病原菌仪器报警中位时间分别为肠杆菌科细菌(10.8 h)、非发酵菌属(13.9 h)、链球菌属(14.6 h)、肠球菌属(14.5 h)、葡萄球菌属(22.3 h)、真菌(43.4 h)。大肠埃希菌(10.1 h)、鲍曼不动杆菌(10.8 h)、阴沟肠杆菌(10.8 h)、肺炎克雷伯杆菌(11.1 h)阳性报警中位时间相近,都≤12 h。结论根据全自动血培养仪对不同种类微生物阳性报警时间的差别,可初步判断病原菌的生长和类型,第一时间指导临床医师准确、合理选择抗菌药物。     

A new ambulatory foot pressure device for patients with sensory impairment. A system for continuous measurement of plantar pressure and a feed-back alarm

Abnormal and excessive plantar pressure is a major risk factor for the development of foot ulcers in patients with loss of protective pain sensation. Repeated pressure with each step can result in inflammation at specific points, followed by ulcer formation. Patients with peripheral nerve disease are unable to prevent the development of such lesions, which often lead to amputation. For this reason, it has been suggested that a fundamental therapeutic intervention should be the reduction of high plantar pressure. We have developed a portable, battery-operated ambulatory foot pressure device (AFPD) which has two important functions: (1) to determine the areas of high plantar pressure, and (2) to provide an acoustic alarm, adjusted to a specific pressure load, which is triggered when weight-bearing exceeds the predetermined plantar pressure. A memory of plantar pressure parameters allows for downloading of the data and sequential analysis during the investigation period. Such an alarm device could replace the lack of pain sensation and may play an important role in the prevention of ulcer development and lower extremity amputation.     

Epidermal 'alarm substance' cells of fishes maintained by non-alarm functions: possible defence against pathogens, parasites and UVB radiation

Many fishes possess specialized epidermal cells that are ruptured by the teeth of predators, thus reliably indicating the presence of an actively foraging predator. Understanding the evolution of these cells has intrigued evolutionary ecologists because the release of these alarm chemicals is not voluntary. Here, we show that predation pressure does not influence alarm cell production in fishes. Alarm cell production is stimulated by exposure to skin-penetrating pathogens (water moulds: Saprolegnia ferax and Saprolegnia parasitica), skin-penetrating parasites (larval trematodes: Teleorchis sp. and Uvulifer sp.) and correlated with exposure to UV radiation. Suppression of the immune system with environmentally relevant levels of Cd inhibits alarm cell production of fishes challenged with Saprolegnia. These data are the first evidence that alarm substance cells have an immune function against ubiquitous environmental challenges to epidermal integrity. Our results indicate that these specialized cells arose and are maintained by natural selection owing to selfish benefits unrelated to predator-prey interactions. Cell contents released when these cells are damaged in predator attacks have secondarily acquired an ecological role as alarm cues because selection favours receivers to detect and respond adaptively to public information about predation.     

Vocal signals in a tropical avian species, the redvented bulbulPycnonotus cafer: their characteristics and importance

Acoustic signals play an important role in the lives of birds. Almost all avian species produce vocal signals in a variety of contexts either in the form of calls or songs or both. In the present study different types of vocal signals of the tropical avian speciesPycnonotus cafer were characterized on the basis of their physical characteristics and context of production. This species used six types of vocal signals: contact signals, roosting signals, alarm signals, twittering signals, distress signals and begging signals. Two types of alarm signals are produced based on predation pressure. These signals are dissimilar in all physical characteristics except for dominant frequency. Although alarm signal type I and roosting signals are phonetically similar, they have completely different sonogram characteristics.     

Automatic gas tank switching system for CO2 incubators.

The use and construction of an automatic gas tank switching system are described. This device monitors the gas pressure in a CO2 incubator gas system and automatically switches to a reserve tank when the main supply tank is depleted. The unit contains an alarm system that signals either loss of power or gas pressure in the supply system.     

Do aphids infected with entomopathogenic fungi continue to produce and respond to alarm pheromone?

The response of pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, to aphid alarm pheromone was not modified by infection with Beauveria bassiana. Approximately 50% of uninfected and infected aphids responded to synthetic alarm pheromone. The simulated attack of aphids infected with B. bassiana did not elicit a response in uninfected aphids. Preliminary air entrainment experiments of both uninfected aphids and aphids at different stages of B. bassiana (generalist pathogen) or P. neoaphidis (obligate pathogen of aphids) demonstrated that B. bassiana infected aphids produced less alarm pheromone than uninfected aphids and, conversely, P. neoaphidis infected aphids produced more alarm pheromone than uninfected aphids. These results are discussed with particular emphasis on the different life history strategies of these two pathogens. We hypothesise that the obligate, specialist pathogen, P. neoaphidis, is under greater selection pressure to increase pathogen transmission and survival resulting in modified host behaviour, than the generalist pathogen, B. bassiana.     

Alate production in an aphid in relation to ant tending and alarm pheromone

1. Winged dispersal is vital for aphids as predation pressure and host plant conditions fluctuate. 2. Ant‐tended aphids also need to disperse, but this may represent a cost for the ants, resulting in an evolutionary conflict of interest over aphid dispersal. 3. The combined effects of aphid alarm pheromone, indicating predation risk, and ant attendance on the production of winged aphids were examined in an experiment with Aphis fabae (Homoptera: Aphididae) (Scopoli 1763) aphids and Lasius niger (Formicidae: Formicinae) (Linné, 1758) ants. 4. This study is the first to investigate the joint effects of alarm pheromone and ant attendance, and also the first to detect an influence of alarm pheromone on the production of winged morphs in A. fabae. 5. After a period of 2 weeks, it was found that aphid colonies exposed to intermittent doses of alarm pheromone produced more winged individuals, whereas ant tending had the opposite effect. The effects were additive on a log scale, and ant attendance had a greater proportional influence than exposure to alarm pheromone. A tentative conclusion is that ants have gained the upper hand in an evolutionary conflict about aphid dispersal.     

创新型单手操作新生儿复苏器的研制

该复苏器操作简便、安全。只要把面罩盖住新生儿口鼻,用一只手即可对手泵吸球进行加压给氧。加压过高时能排余气并发声报警,避免发生气胸,提高抢救效果。另外,该手泵吸球可一物两用,按瘪后将长嘴放人新生儿口内或鼻孔口,放松时可吸羊水等黏液。节约原材料,降低成本,大有利于新生儿窒息复苏的推广普及。     

Conspecific alarm cue sensitivity by the estuarine calanoid copepod,Paracartia longipatella

Sensitivity to chemical cues associated with predation threat has been well observed in many freshwater zooplankters, yet few studies have highlighted such sensitivity in eury‐ and stenohaline metazoans. We aimed to assess sensitivity to conspecific chemical alarm cues in the estuarine copepod, Paracartia longipatella. Alarm cues associated with predation have been shown to have population level effects on certain zooplanktonic species. As such, we assessed the occurrence of such effects on population dynamics of P. longipatella over a 12 day period. Using experimental in situ mesocosms, we compared P. longipatella adult, copepodite and nauplii numbers between three treatments; one inoculated with conspecific alarm cues, one containing direct predation pressure (zooplanktivorous fish), and a control treatment containing no predation threat. Trends in population abundances were similar between the direct predation and alarm cue treatments for the six days of the experiment, decreasing in abundance. During the latter half of the study, however, P. longipatella abundances in the alarm cue treatment increased, while those in the presence of direct predation continued to decrease. In the treatment absent of any predation threat, P. longipatella abundances increased consistently over time for the duration of the study. We suggest that P. longipatella are indeed sensitive to conspecific alarm cues associated with predation threat. Furthermore, we propose that prolonged exposure to conspecific alarm cues in the absence of any real threat results in a reduction in sensitive to these cues.     

Automatic gas tank switching system for CO2 incubators

Summary The use and construction of an automatic gas tank switching system are described. This device monitors the gas pressure in a CO₂ incubator gas system and automatically switches to a reserve tank when the main supply tank is depleted. The unit contains an alarm system that signals either a loss of power or of gas pressure in the supply system. This research was supported by National Cancer Institute Contract No 1-CP-33226, grants CA 13058 and CA 14680 and an institutional grant to the Michigan Cancer Foundation by the United Foundation of Greater Detroit.