水稻转座子TouristOs6 从sbe1 基因启动区切离的证明

为研究ｓｂｅ１ 基因的表达调控机理,籼稻ＩＲ３６ 品种的ｓｂｅ１ 基因被克隆。经测序后与已报告的ｓｂｅ１ 基因顺序相比,ＩＲ３６ 水稻品种ｓｂｅ１ 基因５’上游区顺序中除了有分散的３２ 个碱基差异外,值得注意的是缺少一段３３５ ｂｐ 长的ＴｏｕｒｉｓｔＯｓ６ 序列,并在缺失的位置上留下转座子切离后的特征性足印顺序,这表明ＩＲ３６ 品种的ＴｏｕｒｉｓｔＯｓ６ 已从ｓｂｅ１ 基因中切离。因而为ＴｏｕｒｉｓｔＯｓ６ 是可移动的转座子提供了一个有力的证据     

水稻转座子Tourist—Os6从sbe1基因启动区切离的证明

为研究ｓｂｅｅ１基因的表达调控机理,籼稻ＩＲ３６品种的ｓｂｅ１基因被克隆。经测序一与已报告的ｓｂｅ１上比,ＩＲ３６水稻品种ｓｈｅ１基因５‘上游区顺序中除了有分散的３２个碱基差异外,值得注意的是缺少一般３３５ｂｐ长的Ｔｏｕｒｉｓｔ－Ｏｓ６序列,并在缺失的位置上留下转座子切离后的特征性足印顺序,这表明ＩＲ３６品种的Ｔｏｕｒｉｓｔ－Ｏｓ６已从ｓｂｅ１基因中切离。因而为Ｔｏｕｒｉｓｔ－Ｏｓ６是可移动的转座     

水稻黄单胞菌hrp基因簇中致病相关基因hpaB的鉴定

由水稻黄单胞菌引起的水稻白叶枯病是水稻最严重的细菌性病害。通过筛选18000个XooTn5转座子插入突变体,得到其中一个致病力缺失的突变体XOG11。TAIL-PCR方法分离该突变体中插入转座子的侧翼序列,发现转座子插入到位于hrp基因簇的hpaB基因中。对该基因进一步的分析表明该基因编码一个含有156个氨基酸,等电点为4.28,亮氨酸含量为14.4%的蛋白HpaB。Southern blot和PCR验证表明Tn5在该突变体中为单拷贝插入且未发生转座子携带侧翼序列的转移。将hpaB克隆到具有广泛寄主的质粒pHM1中,转化重组质粒进入突变体后,突变体恢复了在其寄主水稻IR24上的致病力,而转化空质粒pHM1后的突变体仍然表现为致病力缺失。证实了水稻黄单胞菌中hpaB基因与该细菌的致病力相关,在侵染水稻的过程中起着不可缺失的作用。     

水稻sbe1启动子驱动的反义sbe-GUS融合基因在转基因水稻中的表达

为研究水稻基因启动子对外源基因在转基因水稻中表达的影响,构建了由sbe1启动子引导的反义sbe-GUS融合基因。经农杆菌介导,将不同的融合基因导入水稻中,定量测定转基因水稻植株不同组织中的GUS酶活力。结果表明,sbe1启动子可驱动反义sbe-GUS融合基因在转基因水稻植株的胚乳中高效表达,而在颖壳、胚和茎叶等组织中的表达活性较弱。证实sbe1启动子在驱动外源基因的表达上表现有明显的组织特异性。     

水稻淀粉分支酶基因5′上游区缺失对基因表达的影响

为研究水稻淀粉分支酶基因 (sbe1) 5′上游调控区中存在的顺式作用元件 ,我们将水稻sbe1基因翻译起始点 (ATG) 5′上游区 1.2kb(- 10 96～ 74bp)片段经过不同限制性内切酶消化及外切核酸酶ExoIII部分消化 ,得到 4个 5′端缺失的片段。将这些缺失片段分别与 gus基因编码区连接 ,构建成融合质粒 ,经土壤农杆菌 (Agrobacterium)介导引入水稻 ,定量测定转基因水稻植株未成熟种子中的 gus酶活力。结果表明 ,- 5 16～ 6 4bp的sbe1启动子片段可以驱动gus基因的高表达 ,其它 3个启动子片段 (- 10 96～ 74bp ,- 2 95～ 74bp ,- 146～ 6 4bp)驱动 gus基因表达的能力较低。推测在sbe1基因 5′上游区 - 5 16～ - 2 95bp片段中可能存在能使 gus基因高表达的增强元件     

水稻黄单胞菌hrp基因簇中致病相关基因hpaB的鉴定水稻黄单胞菌 TAIL-PCR hrp基因簇 hpaB基因

由水稻黄单胞菌引起的水稻白叶枯病是水稻最严重的细菌性病害.通过筛选18000个Xoo Tn5转座子插入突变体,得到其中一个致病力缺失的突变体XOG11.TAIL-PCR方法分离该突变体中插入转座子的侧翼序列,发现转座子插入到位于hrp基因簇的hpaB基因中.对该基因进一步的分析表明该基因编码一个含有156个氨基酸,等电点为4.28,亮氨酸含量为14.4%的蛋白HpaB.Southern blot和PCR验证表明Tn5在该突变体中为单拷贝插入且未发生转座子携带侧翼序列的转移.将hpaB克隆到具有广泛寄主的质粒pHM1中,转化重组质粒进入突变体后,突变体恢复了在其寄主水稻IR24上的致病力,而转化空质粒pHM1后的突变体仍然表现为致病力缺失.证实了水稻黄单胞菌中hpaB基因与该细菌的致病力相关,在侵染水稻的过程中起着不可缺失的作用.     

水稻花培品种单209抗病性的遗传学分析

单209是1977年由组合(IR26×农虎_6~2),经花药培养育成的粳稻品种。遗传学研究表明,该品种对稻瘟病和水稻白叶枯病的抗性受不同的单基因控制,而它们是由非轮回亲本IR26导入的。鉴于已发现的具白叶桔病抗性基因X(?)的材料均属籼稻。因此,单209可能是具该抗性基因的第1个粳稻品种。它已作为抗性亲本广泛应用于育种中。     

水稻第4号染色体不同位置的Ds转座子转座行为的分析

使用农杆菌介导的方法转化粳稻品种中花11,构建了在第4号染色体不同位置插入了Ds（dissociation）因子的水稻转化群体和带有Ac（activator）转座酶基因的转化植株。将携带了Ac转座酶基因的植株与不同Ds转化植株杂交,杂交F1代同时带有Ac转座酶和Ds因子（Ac／Ds植株）。用PCR方法检测了杂交F1代Ds的切离频率,结果发现靠近第4号染色体着丝粒附近的Ds转座子切离频率低,而靠近第4号染色体末端区域的Ds转座子切离频率高,这表明Ds转座子的原始插入位置对其杂交后代的切离频率有很大的影响,推测与原始插入位点附近的染色体结构有关。     

转座子标签法突变呋喃丹降解菌CFDS-1*

通过接合使供体大肠杆菌DH5α中的质粒pSC123上的转座子插入到受体菌CFDS1基因组DNA中,以引起该菌株的基因插入突变。利用转座子上的卡那霉素抗性基因和呋喃丹降解过程中红色物质的产生与否初步筛选出6株突变株,分别命名为CFDSM1～CFDSM6。紫外扫描和气谱检测结果进一步证明这些突变子确实失去了对呋喃丹的降解能力。根据转座子的序列设计引物,以6株突变株的基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,并对PCR产物进行限制性酶切分析,结果表明这些突变子中呋喃丹降解基因的失活就是由于转座子的插入而导致的。     

转座子标签法突变呋喃丹降解菌CFDS-1

通过接合使供体大肠杆菌DH5α中的质粒pSC123上的转座子插入到受体菌CFDS-1基因组DNA中,以引起该菌株的基因插入突变。利用转座子上的卡那霉素抗性基因和呋喃丹降解过程中红色物质的产生与否初步筛选出6株突变株,分别命名为CFDS—M1～CFDS—M6。紫外扫描和气谱检测结果进一步证明这些突变子确实失去了对呋喃丹的降解能力。根据转座子的序列设计引物,以6株突变株的基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,并对PCR产物进行限制性酶切分析,结果表明这些突变子中呋喃丹降解基因的失活就是由于转座子的插入而导致的。     

控制水稻胚乳淀粉合成代谢若干关键酶基因对花后高温的响应表达

以稻米品质温度敏感型的早籼稻品种嘉早935为材料,利用人工气候箱控温试验和实时荧光定量PCR技术,探讨了不同灌浆温度(日均温分别为22和32 ℃)处理下胚乳淀粉分支酶(SBE)、淀粉去分支酶(DBE)和淀粉合酶(SS)的10个同工型基因(sbe1、sbe3、sbe4、pul、isa1、isa2、isa3、Wx、sss1和sss2a)的相对表达量差异及动态变化特征.结果表明: 淀粉合成相关功能基因对水稻灌浆期高温胁迫的响应表达方式存在明显差异,而且因同工型的类型而不同.在高温处理下,sbe1和sbe3的相对表达量显著下降,二者属于SBE类基因中对高温胁迫较敏感的主要同工型;DBE基因中,pul属于高表达的同工型,而且其对高温胁迫响应比isa1、isa2和isa3敏感;在Wx、sss1和sss2a中,sss2a的相对表达量显著低于sss1和Wx, 但sss2a和sss1对高温胁迫响应比Wx敏感,因此二者可能也是高温胁迫对胚乳淀粉结构进行调控的重要位点,尤其在水稻灌浆的中后期发挥重要作用.     

Molecular analysis of the gene encoding a rice starch branching enzyme

Summary The sequence of a rice gene encoding a starch branching enzyme (sbe1) shows extreme divergence from that of the rice gene, that is homologous to bacterial glycogen branching enzyme (sbe2). sbe1 is expressed abundantly and specifically in developing seeds and maximally in the middle stages of seed development. This expression pattern completely coincides with that of the waxy gene, which encodes a granule-bound starch synthase. Three G-box motifs and consensus promoter sequences are present in the 5 flanking region of sbe1. It encodes a putative transit peptide, which is required for transport into the amyloplast. A 2.2 kb intron (intron 2) precedes the border between the regions encoding the transit peptide and the mature protein, and contains a high G/C content with several repeated sequences in its 5 half. Although only a single copy of sbe1 is present in the rice genome, Southern analysis using intron 2 as a probe indicates the presence of several homologous sequences in the rice genome, suggesting that this large intron and also the transit peptide coding region may be acquired from another portion of the genome by duplication and insertion of the sequence into the gene.     

水稻蜡质基因5'非翻译区一个与调控有关的内含子

从发育的水稻种子中分离出RNA,经RT－PCR反应并结合顺序测定,在籼稻232蜡质基因编码区5′上游非翻译区中证明确实存在一个长度为1126bp的内含于,其A＋T碱基的含量高达67．4％,它的边界符合真核基因内含子的GT-AG规则。表明该内含子与蜡质基因的表达调控有一定的关系。     

一个新的水稻叶形突变体(tll1)的遗传分析与精细定位

利用甲基磺酸乙酯(ethylmethane sulphonate, EMS)诱变粳稻品种日本晴获得了一个遗传稳定的叶形突变体 thread-like leaf 1 (tll1)。该突变体在杭州表现为矮化、窄叶, 极端时仅剩主脉, 呈细丝状。将该突变体分别与籼稻品种南京6号、浙辐802和9311进行正反交配组, 遗传分析表明该突变体性状由1对隐性单基因控制。通过SSR和STS分子标记对F₂代分离群体进行遗传定位, 将该基因初步定位在第12染色体SSR标记RM247和RM101之间。随后利用已公布的粳稻品种日本晴和籼稻品种9311的基因组序列, 发展了7对有多态的STS标记, 最终将该基因定位在FL13和FL14之间约94.3 kb的区间内, 为进一步克隆TLL1基因奠定了基础。     

一个新的水稻叶形突变体（tll1）的遗传分析与精细定位

利用甲基磺酸乙酯（ethylmethane sulphonate,EMS）诱变粳稻品种日本晴获得了一个遗传稳定的叶形突变体thread-like leaf1（tll1）。该突变体在杭州表现为矮化、窄叶,极端时仅剩主脉,呈细丝状。将该突变体分别与籼稻品种南京6号、浙辐802和9311进行正反交配组,遗传分析表明该突变体性状由1对隐性单基因控制。通过SSR和STS分子标记对F2代分离群体进行遗传定位,将该基因初步定位在第12染色体SSR标记RM247和RM101之间。随后利用已公布的粳稻品种日本晴和籼稻品种9311的基因组序列,发展了7对有多态的STS标记,最终将该基因定位在FL13和FL14之间约94.3kb的区间内,为进一步克隆TLL1基因奠定了基础。     

A Putative Gene sbe3-rs for Resistant Starch Mutated from SBE3 for Starch Branching Enzyme in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Foods high in resistant starch (RS) are beneficial to prevent various diseases including diabetes, colon cancers, diarrhea and chronic renal or hepatic diseases. Elevated RS in rice is important for public health since rice is a staple food for half of the world population. A japonica mutant ‘Jiangtangdao 1’ (RS = 11.67%) was crossed with an indica cultivar ‘Miyang 23’ (RS = 0.41%). The mutant sbe3-rs that explained 60.4% of RS variation was mapped between RM6611 and RM13366 on chromosome 2 (LOD = 36) using 178 F₂ plants genotyped with 106 genome-wide polymorphic SSR markers. Using 656 plants from four F_3∶4 families, sbe3-rs was fine mapped to a 573.3 Kb region between InDel 2 and InDel 6 using one STS, five SSRs and seven InDel markers. SBE3 which codes for starch branching enzyme was identified as a candidate gene within the putative region. Nine pairs of primers covering 22 exons were designed to sequence genomic DNA of the wild type for SBE3 and the mutant for sbe3-rs comparatively. Sequence analysis identified a missense mutation site where Leu-599 of the wild was changed to Pro-599 of the mutant in the SBE3 coding region. Because the point mutation resulted in the loss of a restriction enzyme site, sbe3-rs was not digested by a CAPS marker for SpeI site while SBE3 was. Co-segregation of the digestion pattern with RS content among 178 F₂ plants further supported sbe3-rs responsible for RS in rice. As a result, the CAPS marker could be used in marker-assisted breeding to develop rice cultivars with elevated RS which is otherwise difficult to accurately assess in crops. Transgenic technology should be employed for a definitive conclusion of the sbe3-rs.     

Expression study of five genes involved in floral organ development in multiple seeded rice

Rice cultivar Jugal is a unique floral organ mutant from South Bengal and Odisa, the two sister states of Eastern India, carries more than one kernels in most of its spikelet. Most of the mature florets of this line possess more than one carpal which later developed into more than one kernels within a single grain on maturity. In order to study the role of floral organ development genes commonly involved, expression study of five selected floral organ developmental genes (OsMADS3, OsMADS13, OsMADS21, OsMADS58, and DL) were studied through real time based quantitative PCR for three consecutive flower organ developmental stages (Sp5, Sp6, and Sp7) with reference to a normal rice line (IR36). All the studied genes showed differential relative expression in respect to the reference gene both in mutant and normal rice lines for the studied genes and stages and individual distinct pattern except DL gene which was almost similar in both Jugal and IR36 at early stage of floral organ development viz Sp5 and Sp6 stage. However, after Sp6 stage the expression is reduced in the normal rice (IR36) but in case of the mutant rice (Jugal) the expression started to increase and at Sp7 the expression level was much higher in the mutant line. The information resulted from the investigation form the basic idea on regulatory aspects of floral organ development in rice.