微管与微管蛋白概述及其研究进展

本文综合了近年来有关微管、微管蛋白的研究进展,介绍了 MT 与微管蛋白的形态构造和生化特征;着重讨论了体内和离体条件下MT 的聚合过程,以及影响聚合的各种因素,如 MAP 和 Tau 蛋白等。最后简单地归纳了一下 MT 与其他细胞器的关系,以及 MT 的功能。MT 是如何由微管蛋白聚合成的,是目前MT 研究的关键。     

蛋白磷酸酶2A对微管的调控作用研究进展

微管是细胞骨架的主要成分之一,几乎存在于所有真核生物细胞之中,参与细胞众多生理功能。PP2A是真核生物体内存在最广泛的蛋白磷酸酶之一,可以调控大部分细胞生命活动,其中,包括微管所介导的许多生命活动。该文从以下方面介绍了PP2A在微管功能行使中的重要作用,包括PP2A参与微管蛋白翻译后修饰、调控分子马达和微管相关蛋白的活性、维持细胞周期中微管的动态平衡以及PP2A异常与微管类疾病的相关性。     

植物微管结合蛋白

本文介绍了植物微管结合蛋白MAP65家族的各个成员WVD2、SPR1、EB1、MOR1、MAP200/TMBP200、AtMAP18、PLD、MAP190和SB401的研究进展。     

γ-微管蛋白研究进展

概述了近年来对γ-微管蛋白复合体结构、分子机制以及功能的研究进展.γ-微管蛋白是真核生物体内一种重要的保守性功能蛋白,以γ-微管蛋白小复合体和γ-微管蛋白环式复合体两种形式存在.通过γ-微管蛋白复合体结合蛋白定位于微管组织中心,参与微管的晶核起始以及有丝分裂纺锤体的组装等细胞功能.     

神经元微管蛋白的研究进展

神经元特殊形态的形成及维持主要依赖于神经元细胞骨架中微管的装配,在此过程中,涉及到微管的组成及其动力学性质,而最终形成了稳定的微管结构,在神经元中,这一结构为沿着神经突运输物质提供了基础。本文将主要在神经元微管的结构与功能,神经元微管蛋白异构基因的表达及其翻译后加工形式等方面的研究进展加以综述。     

基于微管蛋白和秋水仙碱结合位点化合物构建3D-药效团新模型及先导物虚拟筛选

基于作用于微管蛋白秋水仙碱结合位点的小分子抑制剂与生物靶标的复合晶体结构,采用分子模拟软件Discovery Studio 3.0的受体-配体药效团产生程序建立了系列3D药效团新模型（M1-M6）,并用20个已知微管抑制剂验证了其可靠性.用新药效团模型对约10000个化合物的数据库进行了虚拟筛选,发现了一些潜在先导物.据此合成的二芳烃胺类新化合物20在抑制人白血细胞K562的初步实验中显示出了明显的细胞形态变化和抑制活性,对多种人癌细胞A549,KB,KBvin和DU145均有较强的抑制活性（GI500.17～1.02μmol/L）,表明以此新构建的药效团模型进行理性设计和寻找新型抗癌先导物的方法具有一定的可行性.     

γ—微管蛋白的研究进展

γ-微管蛋白是微管蛋白超家族(superfam-ily)中新发现的第三个成员。目前已在各类真核生物体中发现这种蛋白质的存在,并相继克隆了这个蛋白的基因。细胞免疫化学定位研究发现这种蛋白质存在于微管组织中心(MTO-C)。γ-微管蛋白与微管的形成有关,并确定微管的极性。     

高等植物微管组织中心及其相关蛋白

就高等植物微管组织中心及其相关蛋白质的研究进展作了简要介绍.     

Docking Study of Ligands into the Colchicine Binding Site of Tubulin

Cancer is a major cause of mortality in developed countries, following only cardiovascular diseases. Death of cancerous cells can be achieved by stopping mitosis and the antimitotic class of drugs formed by the spindle poisons can be used for this purpose. Their role is to disorganize the mitotic spindle by targeting its main constituent, the microtubules, themselves made of heterodimers of α and β-tubulin. They disrupt the dynamics of the microtubules either by stabilizing them, as do paclitaxel or epothilones, or destabilizing them, as do colchicine. The binding site of colchicine seems to lie between the two units of the tubulin dimer. Here, we report on the characterization of this site by the docking of a series of reference compounds, and the subsequent docking of ligands prepared in our laboratory.     

The Novel Microtubule-Destabilizing Drug BAL27862 Binds to the Colchicine Site of Tubulin with Distinct Effects on Microtubule Organization

Microtubule-targeting agents are widely used for the treatment of cancer and as tool compounds to study the microtubule cytoskeleton. BAL27862 is a novel microtubule-destabilizing drug that is currently undergoing phase I clinical evaluation as the prodrug BAL101553. The drug is a potent inhibitor of tumor cell growth and shows a promising activity profile in a panel of human cancer models resistant to clinically relevant microtubule-targeting agents. Here, we evaluated the molecular mechanism of the tubulin–BAL27862 interaction using a combination of cell biology, biochemistry and structural biology methods. Tubulin-binding assays revealed that BAL27862 potently inhibited tubulin assembly at 37 °C with an IC₅₀ of 1.4 μM and bound to unassembled tubulin with a stoichiometry of 1 mol/mol tubulin and a dissociation constant of 244 ± 30 nM. BAL27862 bound to tubulin independently of vinblastine, without the formation of tubulin oligomers. The kinetics of BAL27862 binding to tubulin were distinct from those of colchicine, with evidence of competition between BAL27862 and colchicine for binding. Determination of the tubulin–BAL27862 structure by X-ray crystallography demonstrated that BAL27862 binds to the same site as colchicine at the intradimer interface. Comparison of crystal structures of tubulin–BAL27862 and tubulin–colchicine complexes shows that the binding mode of BAL27862 to tubulin is similar to that of colchicine. However, comparative analyses of the effects of BAL27862 and colchicine on the microtubule mitotic spindle and in tubulin protease-protection experiments suggest different outcomes of tubulin binding. Taken together, our data define BAL27862 as a potent, colchicine site-binding, microtubule-destabilizing agent with distinct effects on microtubule organization.     

有氧运动对阿尔茨海默病认知功能的影响及其机制

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种最常见以Aβ沉积和Tau蛋白高度磷酸化形成神经原纤维缠结为主要病理特征的神经退行性疾病.现有临床AD治疗药物仅能短暂改善认知水平,无法阻止或逆转病理进程.越来越多研究证实,长期适度的有氧运动作为一种健康可行运动方式,可以通过抑制脑内Aβ沉积与高度磷酸化Tau毒性蛋白及改善神经可塑性、炎症反应、氧化应激和能量代谢等多方面影响AD病理进程,因而被视为预防或延缓AD的有效策略.本文从有氧运动改善AD病理机制角度进行综述,以期为有氧运动作为治疗手段用于预防和延缓AD提供的新思路.     

Assembly of GMPCPP-Bound Tubulin into Helical Ribbons and Tubes and Effect of Colchicine

Microtubule assembly and disassembly is a complex structural process that doesnot proceed by simple addition and subtraction of individual subunits to and from ahelical polymer, as would be the case for actin and other helical assemblies. Thedynamic process of microtubule growth and shrinking involves short-lasting polymerforms that differ substantially from the microtubule itself and constitute crucial assemblyand disassembly intermediates. Structural characterization thus depends on thestabilization of these brief intermediates and their preservation as polymericassemblies. This paper gives experimental details on the polymerization of GMPCPPtubulininto low-temperature stable polymers that we propose to correspond to the earlystages in microtubule assembly and includes new data on the effect of colchicine onGMPCPP-tubulin polymerization. Finally, we include our thoughts on the possiblebiological meaning of tubulin polymerization versatility.     

山苍籽油及主要成份抗菌机制研究进展

从山苍籽油药学作用的介绍 ,综述对山苍籽油抗菌主要成份研究现状及对其作用机理研究的新思路和最新成果。     

雷公藤红素抗肿瘤作用及机制研究进展

雷公藤红素是我国传统中药雷公藤中的天然活性成分,具有抗类风湿、抗炎、抗肿瘤等多种生物学活性。近年来,雷公藤红素由于低毒、多靶点、广谱性等优势,在抗肿瘤治疗中备受关注。雷公藤红素可以通过调控PI3K/AKT、NF-κB、MAPK和STAT3等多种信号通路抑制肿瘤增殖、侵袭和转移,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。综述了雷公藤红素的抗肿瘤作用及机制,以期促进雷公藤红素的深入研究与应用。     

RIP3及其生物学功能研究进展

受体相互作用蛋白3(receptor-interacting protein 3,RIP3)是RIP家族成员之一,具有特异的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶活性。其独特的C端结构不具有介导死亡所需要的蛋白结构域却能够感受细胞内环境的变化从而调控细胞的死亡;它具有RIP同型结构域(RIP homotypic interaction motif,RHIM),能与RIP1结合并发生磷酸化从而调控核因子-κB(nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB)的活性变化,这与细胞的存活密切相关。本文对RIP3的结构特性、它与其他信号分子的相互作用、其所具有的生物学功能等方面的研究情况作一综述。     

蜂胶的抗炎作用及其机制研究进展

本文通过查阅近年来蜂胶抗炎活性研究的相关文献,对近年来蜂胶改善炎症效果以及蜂胶和部分抗炎药物之间的相互作用进行了综述,并通过分析蜂胶中抗炎活性成分对蜂胶抗炎的作用途径及机制进行了探讨。指出蜂胶的抗炎活性研究对于探讨蜂胶对心血管疾病、消化系统疾病以及内分泌系统疾病的治疗作用机制有着重要的意义,蜂胶和部分抗炎药物之间呈现的协同作用对于开发复方抗炎药物提供了理论基础。     

Effects of Monensin and Colchicine on Myelin Galactolipids

Monensin and colchicine have been used in a variety of systems to disrupt functioning of the Golgi apparatus and transport of Golgi-derived vesicles to the plasma membrane. In this study the effects of monensin and colchicine on the synthesis of cerebroside and sulfatide and their appearance in myelin were examined to determine whether these myelin components are processed through the Golgi apparatus. Brain slices from rats 17 days old were incubated with [3H]galactose and [35S]-sulfate to label cerebroside and sulfatide. Myelin was isolated on sucrose density gradients. Fractions highly enriched in cerebroside and sulfatide were prepared from homogenates and myelin fractions by lipid extraction, alkaline methanolysis, and in some cases TLC. Monensin at 0.1 microM had no significant effect on synthesis of these galactolipids as measured by incorporation of [3H]-galactose into cerebroside or [35S]sulfate into sulfatide in homogenates. However, appearance of [35S]sulfatide in the myelin fraction was reduced to 49% of control, while appearance of [3H]cerebroside was not significantly reduced. Colchicine from 1 mM to 0.1 microM had effects similar to monensin, that is, appearance of [35S]sulfatide in myelin was depressed, but again [3H]cerebroside was not affected. Incorporation of [35S]sulfate into sulfatide in homogenate was 93% of control, while appearance of [35S]sulfatide in the myelin fraction was depressed to 58% of control. The inhibition of appearance of sulfatide in myelin by colchicine and monensin is consistent with the view that sulfation of cerebroside occurs in the Golgi and that sulfatide is transported via Golgi-derived vesicles to the forming myelin membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)