人前列腺特异抗原分离纯化

本文报道了一种从人精液中提纯前列腺特异抗原的方法,本方法仅需Ａｆｆｉｇｅｌ－Ｂｌｕｅ ｇｅｌ柱和凝胶ＨＰＬＣ二步层析,即可行到均一的ＰＳＡ纯品。这是一个快速,有效的提纯方法。ＰＳＡ是前列腺癌的特异肿瘤标志物。     

抗前列腺特异抗原的单链抗体的克隆和表达

本文克隆了抗前列腺特异抗原(PSA)单抗526的轻、重链可变区基因,构建了在大肠杆菌中表达单链抗体的具有强启动子PR和PL的温度诱导型表达载体,表达了抗前列腺特异抗原的单链抗体。表达产物经ELISA测定证明具有特异结合PSA的能力。     

前列腺特异性抗原在前列腺癌诊断中的应用研究

前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigenPSA)是1979年Wang等首先从前列腺组织内分离和提纯出来的一种特异性糖蛋白,PSA在前列腺腺上皮细胞合成和分泌,其产生和分泌受雄激素的调节,具有组织特异性。正常状态下,PSA存在于     

PSA启动子中RFA调节序列结合蛋白的初步研究

为了确定前列腺特异抗原(PSA)启动子中与雄激素调节相关的序列, 发现PSA启动子ARE上游一段15 bp的区域(-396～-382 bp), 是雄激素受体(AR)对PSA启动子激活所必需的, 将其命名为RFA. 转染和CAT分析显示该序列中某些核苷酸置换可显著降低雄激素对PSA基因启动子的诱导活性, 体外竞争结合实验证实某些前列腺细胞核内的非受体蛋白因子可与其特异结合, 但其突变型则丧失了这种能力, 该序列可能是一个新的辅助性顺式元件. 以RFA为探针, 利用亲和层析分离纯化了RFA结合蛋白, SDS-PAGE和蛋白质初步鉴定结果表明, 该蛋白与已知的多功能蛋白hnRNPA1, A2高度同源. RFA结合蛋白可能作为辅激活因子协同AR对PSA启动子的反式激活作用. 研究结果有助于深入理解PSA启动子的作用机制和组织特异性.     

基于共表达网络挖掘不同前列腺特异抗原水平下的前列腺癌发展相关基因

目的采用权重基因共表达网络分析方法(WGCNA)挖掘不同前列腺特异抗原(PSA)水平下的前列腺癌发展枢纽基因。方法数据来自NCBI的GEO数据库中下载不同PSA水平下的前列腺癌全基因组表达数据集,经过数据预处理后,用WGCNA构建基因共表达网络,识别不同PSA水平下的前列腺癌发展模块与枢纽基因。结果筛选出的差异基因聚集成一个模块,并且找到10个枢纽基因。结论结合文献发现,SNAI2、TRIM29、LAMB3、CYP3A5和SLC14A1这5个基因很可能影响不同PSA水平下前列腺癌的发展。     

一种新的简单有效的斑马鱼胚胎心脏富集和提纯方法

目的:设计一个从斑马鱼胚胎得到大量完整高纯度心脏的新方法,从而用于测定早期心脏的基因表达。方法:收集上百颗心肌特异表达绿色荧光(cmlc2-GFP)的转基因斑马鱼的胚胎放入冰浴的10%胎牛血清L-15培养基中,用一个5 m L注射器反复抽吸迫使胚胎卵黄囊和心包腔破裂,在荧光显微镜下用微量毛细吸管收集游离的心脏,同时用单独的EP管收集身体组织,最后用荧光定量PCR技术(RT-PCR)验证提纯心脏组织的生物活性和特异性。结果:提取的大部分胚胎心脏的形态是完整的,约200颗胚胎心脏中提取了300 ng总RNA。提纯的活性心脏组织不仅高表达心脏特异性基因(cmlc2,myh6),而且几乎不表达非心脏组织的特异基因(six3b,ifabp)。结论:利用这个简便方法富集和提纯斑马鱼胚胎心脏可以得到高度纯化并具有生物活性的心脏组织。     

HSV-1特异转移因子活性成分的分离和鉴定

取单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型(HSV-1)免疫小鼠脾脏制备HSV-1特异转移因子(TF_(HSV-1))。利用亲和色谱法从TF_(HSV-1))分离出能与HSV-1抗原特异结合的成分。TF_(HSV-1)及其成分均可诱导正常鼠淋巴细胞出现抗原依赖的粘附抑制,提纯的TF_(HSV-1)特异成分的免疫活性是TF_(HSV1)的40倍。TF_(HSV-1)及其成分亦可提高HSV-1感染小鼠的存活率,该作用具有剂量依赖性。在保护实验中,TF_(HSV-1)中的特异成分的比活性是_(HSV-1)原有活性的16倍。本文结果表明,我们建立的TF纯化方法实验条件温和,能够迅速有效地分离获得具高免疫活性的TF特异成分。     

酶联免疫吸附反应对猕猴桃溃疡病菌效应子Hopz5多克隆抗体的特性分析

为了建立一种猕猴桃溃疡病菌(Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae,PSA)的血清学检测方法,我们利用致病性极强的PSA3类群特异效应子Hopz5制备的多克隆抗体(PAb-Hopz5),通过酶联免疫吸附反应对样品类型、特异性、灵敏度及田间样品进行检测,全面分析了该抗体的特性。结果表明,PAb-Hopz5不仅能够检测发病组织,还能检测人工培养的PSA;即可利用发病组织蛋白,也可利用发病组织浸泡液进行检测。此外,PAb-Hopz5的检测不受PSA侵染时期的影响。PAb-Hopz5与其他供试菌包括P.syringae pv.tomato、P.fluorescens和P.putida等无交叉反应,具有较好的特异性。ELSIA检测菌悬液的最低浓度为3×105CFU/m L,明显低于PCR检测灵敏度,但对田间发病组织样品的检测效果优于PCR。研究表明,PAb-Hopz5可作为猕猴桃溃疡病菌PSA3类群检测用试剂,进而为猕猴桃溃疡病菌提供新的检测工具。     

血清PSA、EGF在不同类型良性前列腺增生患者中表达意义及其与术后疾病转归的相关性分析

摘要 目的：分析血清前列腺特异抗原（PSA)、表皮生长因子（EGF)在不同类型良性前列腺增生患者中低表达意义及其与术后疾病转归的相关性。方法：选择自2020年1月至2022年12月在我院接受手术治疗的128例良性前列腺增生患者作为研究对象,根据术后病理活检结果进行分组,间质结节组（16例）、腺肌性结节组（32例）、纤维腺瘤性结节组（12例）、腺性结节组（30例）和混合结节组（38例）,其中以间质增生为主60例、以腺体增生为主68例。检测所有患者血清PSA、EGF的表达水平,以术后6个月的国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS评分）<8分判定为预后良好,分析血清PSA、EGF在预后良好组与预后不良组之间的差异性及与IPSS评分的关系。结果：血清PSA、EGF表达水平在间质结节组、腺肌性结节组、纤维腺瘤性结节组、腺性结节组和混合结节组间比较有差异（P<0.05）;以腺体增生为主的良性前列腺增生患者血清PSA、EGF表达水平均明显高于以间质增生为主的患者（P<0.05）;经ROC曲线分析,血清PSA联合EGF预测以腺体增生为主的良性前列腺增生的敏感度为86.42%,特异度为65.34%,AUC为0.930;所有患者均获得随访6个月,预后良好98例、预后不良30例;预后不良组血清PSA、EGF表达水平均明显高于预后良好组（P<0.05）;经Pearson相关性分析,良性前列腺增生患者血清PSA、EGF表达水平均与IPSS评分呈负相关（r值分别为-0.348、-0.417,P值均为0.000）。结论：血清PSA、EGF在不同病理类型良性前列腺增生患者中表达差异显著,以间质增生为主的患者,以腺体增生为主的患者血清PSA、EGF表达水平更高,两者均与术后疾病转归密切相关,值得临床予以重视。     

PSA基因启动子中一个与雄激素调节相关的序列

人前列腺特异抗原（PSA）基因的表达受雄激素的调节,其雄激素应答元件（ARE）位于－170附近.为了确定雄激素对该基因的诱导作用是否受ARE上游序列的影响,把PSA启动子区的不同长度的天然的和变异的DNA片段分别与报告基因CAT相连,构建了不同的pBLCAT3-PSA质粒.用它们转染人前列腺肿瘤细胞PC-3.结果表明15 bp的RF15序列（－340～－326）的缺失和变异可显著降低雄激素的诱导作用.区带转移测定表明人前列腺肿瘤细胞LNcap和PC-3中的某些核内调节蛋白可与RF15结合,而且其结合能力受Zn²⁺的影响.这些结果表明RF15可能是PSA启动子中的一个新的附属调节元件.与之结合的调节蛋白可能是通过与雄激素受体的相互作用促进雄激素对PSA基因的诱导作用.     

血清前列腺特异性抗原与前列腺增生的相关性研究

目的:探讨前列腺增生患者年龄,前列腺体积以及BMI与血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)之间的关系。方法:对224例前列腺增生患者的年龄,前列腺体积以BMI与PSA的相关性进行Spearman相关性分析。结果:224例前列腺增生患者有25%的患者PSA水平高于正常,并且年龄,前列腺体积与血清PSA存在明显的正相关:(r=0.672.P<0.01,r=0.785.P<0.01),而血清PSA与BMI指数存在明显的负相关:(r=-0.873,P<0.01)。结论:前列腺增生患者的血清PSA值随患者年龄增长和体积增大而增加,对于PSA轻度升高的前列腺增生患者,要考率到体重因素对结果的影响。     

Trends in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing and prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Australia: A critical analysis

BackgroundPopulation trends in PSA testing and prostate cancer incidence do not perfectly correspond. We aimed to better understand relationships between trends in PSA testing, prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Australia and factors that influence them.MethodsWe calculated and described standardised time trends in PSA tests, prostate biopsies, treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Australia in men aged 45–74, 75–84, and 85 + years.ResultsPSA testing increased from its introduction in 1989 to a peak in 2008 before declining in men aged 45–84 years. Prostate biopsies and cancer incidence fell from 1995 to 2000 in parallel with decrease in trans-urethral resections of the prostate (TURP) and, latterly, changes in pharmaceutical management of BPH. After 2000, changes in biopsies and incidence paralleled changes in PSA screening in men 45–84 years, while in men ≥85 years biopsy rates stabilised, and incidence fell. Prostate cancer mortality in men aged 45–74 years remained low throughout. Mortality in men 75–84 years gradually increased until mid 1990s, then gradually decreased. Mortality in men ≥ 85 years increased until mid 1990s, then stabilised.ConclusionAge specific prostate cancer incidence largely mirrors PSA testing rates. Most deviation from this pattern may be explained by less use of TURP in management of BPH and consequent less incidental cancer detection in TURP tissue specimens. Mortality from prostate cancer initially rose and then fell below what it was when PSA testing began. Its initial rise and fall may be explained by a possible initial tendency to over-attribute deaths of uncertain cause in older men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer to prostate cancer. Decreases in mortality rates were many fold smaller than the increases in incidence, suggesting substantial overdiagnosis of prostate cancer after introduction of PSA testing.     

血清前列腺特异性抗原与前列腺增生的相关性研究

目的：探讨前列腺增生患者年龄,前列腺体积以及BMI与血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）之间的关系。方法：对224例前列腺增生患者的年龄,前列腺体积以BMI与PSA的相关性进行Spearman相关性分析。结果：224例前列腺增生患者有25％的患者PSA水平高于正常,并且年龄,前列腺体积与血清PSA存在明显的正相关：（r=0．672．P〈0．01,r=0．785．P〈0．01）,而血清PSA与BMI指数存在明显的负相关：（r=-0．873,P〈0．01）。结论：前列腺增生患者的血清PSA值随患者年龄增长和体积增大而增加,对于PSA轻度升高的前列腺增生患者,要考率到体重因素对结果的影响。     

PSA及其相关检测指标在早期前列腺癌诊断中的临床价值

前列腺癌(PCa)是影响老年男性的恶性肿瘤之一,具有较高的发病率和死亡率,我国PCa患者人数逐年升高,因此进行早期的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)对于早期PCa的诊断、治疗和预后具有重要作用,本文分别对PSA相关指标(F/TPSA、CPSA、PSAV、PSAD、PSATZ)应用于早期PCa诊断中的价值进行综述,旨在为临床诊断PCa提供理论依据。     

Expression of human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in a mouse tumor cell line reduces tumorigenicity and elicits PSA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes

 Human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has a highly restricted tissue distribution. Its expression is essentially limited to the epithelial cells of the prostate gland. Moreover, it continues to be synthesized by prostate carcinoma cells. This makes PSA an attractive candidate for use as a target antigen in the immunotherapy of prostate cancer. As a first step in characterizing the specific immune response to PSA and its potential use as a tumor-rejection antigen, we have incorporated PSA into a well-established mouse tumor model. Line 1, a mouse lung carcinoma, and P815, a mouse mastocytoma, have been transfected with the cDNA for human PSA. Immunization with a PSA-expressing tumor cell line demonstrated a memory response to PSA which protected against subsequent challenge with PSA-expressing, but not wild-type, tumors. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes could be isolated from PSA-expressing tumors grown in naive hosts and were specifically cytotoxic against a syngeneic cell line that expressed PSA. Immunization with tumor cells resulted in the generation of primary and memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for PSA. The isolation of PSA-specific CTL clones from immunized animals further demonstrated that PSA can serve as a target antigen for antitumor CTL. The immunogenicity studies carried out in this mouse tumor model provide a rationale for the design of methods to elicit PSA-specific cell-mediated immunity in humans. Received: 4 April 1996 / Accepted: 31 May 1996     

前列腺PI-RADS V2.1评分联合血清PSA相关指标对灰区前列腺癌的诊断价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨前列腺影像报告和数据系统第2.1版（PI-RADS V2.1）评分联合血清前列腺特异抗原（PSA）相关指标对灰区前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年12月的187例经病理证实且PSA为灰区（4-10 ng/mL）的前列腺癌或前列腺增生患者资料。根据病理结果分为前列腺癌（PCa）组与前列腺增生组（BPH）组。由两名经验丰富的MRI诊断医师通过盲法对所有患者MRI图像进行PI-RADS V2.1评分,统计并计算血清PSA相关指标：总前列腺特异抗原（t-PSA）、游离前列腺特异抗原（f-PSA）、游离前列腺特异抗原与总前列腺特异抗原比值（f-PSA/t-PSA）、前列腺特异抗原密度（PSAD）。采用t检验比较各项指标在两组间的差异性,并使用受试者工作曲线（ROC）分析各项指标对灰区前列腺癌的诊断效能。结果：PI-RADS V2.1评分与PSAD在PCa与BPH组之间的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而t-PSA、f-PSA、f-PSA/t-PSA在PCa与BPH组之间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。根据ROC曲线分析,PI-RADS V2.1评分、PSAD、PI-RADS V2.1评分联合PSAD诊断灰区前列腺癌的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.814、0.671及0.838,且PI-RADS V2.1评分联合PSAD的AUC显著高于单独应用PI-RADS V2.1评分（Z=1.989,P＜0.05）与PSAD（Z=3.174,P＜0.05）。结论：PI-RADS V2.1评分与PSAD对诊断灰区前列腺癌具有较高诊断效能,且联合PI-RADS V2.1评分与PSAD能进一步提高诊断效能。     

The use of PSA as biomarker in nutritional intervention studies of prostate cancer

Epidemiological evidence suggests that environmental factors, such as diet, play a role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PC). The number of potential protective dietary compounds or whole dietary products that are indicated to have preventive effects is piling up and demands further evaluation. The number of options urges for a reliable high-throughput screening system. To face this growing field, we suggest a strategy that combines prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based clinical trials with experimental human xenograft studies to evaluate potential chemopreventive agents for PC. This review describes the first results that have come available using this method. In Rotterdam, two nutrition-based tertiary chemoprevention trials were conducted in patients aiming to delay progression of minimal PC. In these studies two different supplements were used both consisting of a (different) mixture of components reported to be related to cancer prevention. PC patients that were locally treated but had rising levels of circulating PSA of unknown origin were randomised into a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a crossover design. PSA kinetics was followed during the two intervention periods. The time frame of the study design was 6 months. Results of these intervention studies showed increased PSA doubling times after dietary supplementation as compared to placebo. The lack of information on tumor burden in these patients requires the need for additional xenograft studies that can provide supplement-induced PSA and tumor responses. Such parallel experimental studies will enable to validate PSA as a biomarker for tumor volume response and may link clinical PSA kinetics to actual tumor response. For one of the clinical study, such an experimental confirmation study was performed. The dietary supplement similar to what was used in the clinical study was administered to animals that were injected intraprostatically with human PC-346C cells. Responses on tumor growth and PSA were recorded over time and allowed to monitor a potential differential effect on PSA or tumor growth. This animal study revealed no difference in response as determined by tumor volume or PSA release between supplemented and placebo mice, and confirmed that PSA levels reflected tumor response under this specific dietary intervention. We propose that the strategy of PSA-based early phase II clinical trials accompanied by experimental human xenograft studies, to assess the reliability of PSA response to reflect tumor response, allows for a concise, relatively fast test system that is able to screen the various treatment options for chemoprevention in a relatively short period of time.     

Human prostate stromal cells stimulate increased PSA production in DHEA-treated prostate cancer epithelial cells

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is commonly used as a dietary supplement and may affect prostate pathophysiology when metabolized to androgens and/or estrogens. Human prostate LAPC-4 cancer cells with a wild type androgen receptor (AR) were treated with DHEA, androgens dihydrotestosterone (DHT), T, or R1881), and E(2) and assayed for prostate specific antigen (PSA) protein and gene expression. In LAPC-4 monocultures, DHEA and E(2) induced little or no increase in PSA protein or mRNA expression compared to androgen-treated cells. When prostate cancer-associated (6S) stromal cells were added in coculture, DHEA stimulated LAPC-4 cell PSA protein secretion to levels approaching induction by DHT. Also, DHEA induced 15-fold more PSA mRNA in LAPC-4 cocultures than in monocultures. LAPC-4 proliferation was increased 2-3-fold when cocultured with 6S stromal cells regardless of hormone treatment. DHEA-treated 6S stromal cells exhibited a dose- and time-dependent increase in T secretion, demonstrating stromal cell metabolism of DHEA to T. Coculture with non-cancerous stroma did not induce LAPC-4 PSA production, suggesting a differential modulation of DHEA effect in a cancer-associated prostate stromal environment. This coculture model provides a research approach to reveal detailed endocrine, intracrine, and paracrine signaling between stromal and epithelial cells that regulate tissue homeostasis within the prostate, and the role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression.     

Expression, purification, and characterization of deglycosylated human pro-prostate-specific antigen

Wild-type and deglycosylated forms of human prostate-specific antigen were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as zymogens. ProPSA was collected from conditioned medium and purified using a single cation-exchange chromatographic step for the deglycosylated form and cation-exchange followed by gel filtration chromatography for the wild-type form. Recombinant wild-type proPSA produced in CHO cells has an average MW of 34.5 kDa, whereas the deglycosylated proPSA has a MW of 32.4 kDa. Both forms of proPSA were activated in vitro and the kinetic properties measured for the deglycosylated PSA are very similar to those of the wild-type recombinant PSA and the native PSA isolated from seminal fluid. These results suggest that deglycosylated PSA is likely to be very similar to native PSA with respect to its three-dimensional structure and will provide a homogeneous protein preparation necessary for X-ray crystallographic analysis.