聚球藻Synechococcus sp.PCC7942高CO2需求突变株的筛选及其超？…

以单细胞蓝藻球藻Ｓｙｎｅｃｈｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｓｐ．ＰＣＣ７９４２为材料,利用甲基磺酸乙酯（ＥＭＳ）进行化学诱变获得了一个高ＣＯ２需求突变株。它能在４％ＣＯ２下生长而不能在空气中生长。对突变株的初检表明：其回复突变率约为１０＾－７。该突变株从高ＣＯ２条件下转到空气中后,细胞在２～３ｄ内逐渐趋于死亡;其光合作用对外源无机碳的依赖性高于野生型细胞,碳酸酐酶活性也低于野生型细胞。在超微结构水平,突变株细胞     

盐胁迫对于聚球藻PCC 7942大片段DNA删除突变株的生理效应

在对聚球藻PCC 7942开展基因组简化的过程中, 发现一些非必需大片段的删除可导致耐盐胁迫能力降低。突变株?Synpcc7942_0233-0253和?Synpcc7942_2169-2187, 其基因组中分别删除了18和14 kb的区域, 在BG11培养液中的生长与野生型没有显著差异, 但在含有0.4 mol/L NaCl的培养液中的生长相对于野生型被严重抑制。进一步分析发现, 在盐胁迫下2个突变株的光合放氧速率比野生型显著下降, 光系统Ⅰ和Ⅱ电子传递速率均低于野生型, 呼吸耗氧速率与野生型相比却维持在较高水平。这些结果说明, 蓝藻基因组中有些非必需基因实际上对于适应胁迫条件是需要的。     

蓝藻高CO2需求突变株的研究进展

对蓝藻CO2浓缩机制(CO2 concentrating mechanism,CCM)的认识,最终要揭示其作用的生理生化和分子生物学基础,蓝藻高CO2需求突变株的研究为这个目标的实现提供了一条最为有效的途径,1986年,Marcus等第一次把筛选光合作用突变株的方法加以修改,利用化学诱变筛选到第一个单细胞蓝藻Synechococcus PCC7942的高CO2需求突变株,为这一领域的研究在方法学上开辟了一个新的途径。       

蓝藻聚球藻高二氧化碳需求突变株的研究

利用化学诱变法获得了蓝藻聚球藻１０％ＣＯ２生长需求的突变株Ｎ１５０。突变株Ｎ１５０具较高的无机碳运输速率和无机碳库,表观光合作用对外源无机碳的亲和性与已知的其它高二氧化碳需求突变有显著区别。     

湖泊微拟球藻高含油突变株的构建及筛选

研究旨在建立湖泊微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis)的遗传转化体系, 然后根据外源基因随机插入的特性, 挑取抗性转化子构建突变体库, 并从突变体库中筛选高含油突变株。以湖泊微拟球藻自身β-tublin基因启动子和三角褐指藻fcpA终止子驱动和终止来源于细菌的sh ble抗性选择基因, 构建了一个转化载体pPha-T1-TUB。将线性化后的质粒以电穿孔的方法转化湖泊微拟球藻, 通过1 μg/mL zeocin的抗性平板筛选, 并经液体培养基连续传代后, 得到了可以稳定遗传的转化子。我们从这些转化子中筛选得到了数株油含量高于野生型, 且生长也优于野生型的突变株。其中, 2个突变株K26和G5的总脂中多不饱和脂肪酸含量更低, 其脂肪酸组成更符合作为生物柴油原料的标准。研究通过随机插入构建突变体库的方法为快速获取优良目的性状的高产油突变株提供了一个有效手段。     

聚球藻7942高效泌氨突变种的获得及其泌氨,谷氨酰胺合成酶活性,光合和生

将含有Ａｎａｂａｅｎａｓｐ．ＰＣ７１２０反义ｇｌｎＡ基因片段的穿梭表达质粒ｐＤＣ－ＡＴＧＳ转化单细胞蓝藻聚球藻Ｓｙｎｅ－ｃｈｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｓｐ．ＰＣＣ７９４２,通过同源重组,外源ＤＮＡ定位整合到染色体上。经过抗菌素筛选,获得一种高效泌氨的Ｓｙｎｅｃｈｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｓｐ．７９４２突变种。     

CO2对转基因聚球藻7942生长、表达等的影响

研究了不同浓度CO2 对转基因聚球藻 794 2生长、胸腺素α1表达和光合作用的影响 ,结果表明 :不同浓度的CO2 对藻细胞指数生长期的比生长速率没有明显的影响 ,通入空气与 5 %CO2 空气对藻细胞线性生长速率和最终藻细胞浓度影响也不显著 ;高浓度CO2 会减少NO-3 的吸收 ,提高硝酸还原酶的活性 ,这表明NO-3 的吸收与还原是不偶联的。低浓度CO2 对藻细胞的生化组成和胸腺素α1表达没有影响。而高浓度的CO2 明显降低可溶性蛋白及光合色素叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素和藻蓝蛋白的含量 ,胸腺素α1含量也显著降低。不同CO2 浓度培养的藻细胞P I曲线表明 ,不同浓度的CO2 对藻细胞的光合作用效率没有明显的影响 ,但生长在高浓度CO2 中藻细胞的最大光合速率明显增加。     

聚球藻(Synechococcus leopoliensis 625)藻胆体-类囊体膜光谱特性和光能传递的研究

聚球藻(Synechococcus leopoliensis 625)属于蓝藻。       

A Unique Ascorbate Peroxidase Active Component in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7942 (R2)

Ascorbate peroxidase active component (APAC) was purified and characterized in Synechococcus PCC 9742 (R2) cells. APAC was isolated from freshly harvested cells, by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose, ultrafiltration through a 3000 dalton cut off filter and high pressure liquid chromatography through a reversed phase C-18 column. APAC was found to be extremely stable to harsh treatments of boiling water for 30 min, acidification to pH 2.0 and proteolytic digestion. A close correlation between activity and iron content of APAC was observed throughout the purification steps. E.S.R. spectrum of APAC showed a resonance line at g = 4.3 in the oxidized from. Peroxide reduction by ascorbate decreased the E.S.R. signal, which reappeared upon reoxidation by H₂O₂. The affinities of APAC to H₂O₂ and ascorbate were high (0.38 mM and 0.2 mM, respectively). Amino acid composition analysis of APAC revealed the presence of glutamic acid: glycine: cysteine residues at 2: 1: 1 ratio.     

The first protein map of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942

The first protein map was developed of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942, a model organism for studies of photosynthesis, prokaryotic circadian rhythms, cell division, carbon-concentrating mechanisms, and adaptive responses to a variety of stresses. The proteome was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with subsequent MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy and database analysis. Of the 140 analyzed protein spots, 110 were successfully identified as 62 different proteins, many of which occurred as multiple spots on the gel. The identified proteins participate in the major metabolic and cellular processes in cyanobacterial cells during the exponential growth phase. In addition, 14 proteins which were previously either unknown or considered to be hypothetical were shown to be true gene products in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. These results may be helpful for the annotation of the recently sequenced genome of this cyanobacterium, as well as for biochemical and physiological studies of Synechococcus.     

Phosphate-uptake behaviour of a mutant of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 lacking one protein of the high-affinity phosphate-uptake system

The phosphate-uptake behaviour of a sphX mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis (Raciborski) Komarek, strain PCC 7942 has been studied. This mutant lacks the high-affinity phosphate-binding protein that is abundantly expressed under phosphate-deficient growth conditions. The following observations have been made: (i) The mutant is still capable of utilizing phosphate at nanomolar external concentrations. (ii) Elimination of the sphX gene leads to an increase in the Michaelis constant and the maximum velocity of the initial influx of ³²P-phosphate. (iii) The capacity of the wild type to adapt within a few minutes to a transitory increase in the external phosphate concentration in an energetically efficient way (G. Falkner et al. 1994, C R Acad Sci Paris, Life sciences 317: 535–541) is lost in the mutant. As a result, the mutant can no longer attain pulse-adapted states that reflect in a characteristic way preceding exposures to higher phosphate concentrations. Received: 6 February 1998 / Accepted: 8 May 1998     

Nitrite-Specific Active Transport System of the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Strain PCC 7942

Studies on the nitrite uptake capability of a mutant of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 lacking the ATP-binding cassette-type nitrate-nitrite-bispecific transporter revealed the occurrence of a nitrite-specific active transport system with an apparent K_m (NO₂⁻) of about 20 μM. Similar to the nitrate-nitrite-bispecific transporter, the nitrite-specific transporter was reversibly inhibited by ammonium in the medium.     

聚球藻7942光自养培养的碳代谢和能量代谢

代谢通量分析是研究微藻光自养培养过程中CO2和光能利用的一个非常有用的工具。本研究建立了聚球藻7942光自养培养代谢网络,并通过代谢通量方法分析了不同入射光强下的碳代谢流分布和能量代谢。研究结果表明,CO2固定是代谢能量和还原力消耗的主要途径,分别约占总消耗能量的85%和70%。研究还发现在一定光强范围,基于ATP生成的细胞得率和最大细胞得率基本维持不变,分别约为2.80g/molATP和2.95g/molATP,但基于总吸收光能的细胞得率和对应的光能转换效率则随着光强的增加而降低。     

聚球藻7942混养培养中碳代谢与能量利用

为了考察聚球藻7942在混养条件下的能量利用效率,分别以葡萄糖和乙酸为碳源开展了聚球藻7942的混养培养研究,并在此基础上利用代谢通量分析方法对聚球藻7942混养条件下的碳代谢和能量利用进行了探讨。结果表明:葡萄糖和乙酸均能促进藻细胞生长,且乙酸促进藻细胞生长的作用更为明显;葡萄糖利用可明显增加藻细胞糖酵解途径中碳代谢流量,而乙酸利用则导致糖酵解途径中碳代谢流量减小,两种有机碳源均增加了柠檬酸循环中碳代谢流量;有机碳源导致藻细胞光化学效率下降,而葡萄糖较之乙酸降低藻细胞光化学效率更为明显。虽然混养条件下光能的贡献率要小于光自养,但基于能量的细胞得率和能量转换率均高于光自养,光自养和以葡萄糖、乙酸为碳源的混养中基于ATP生成的能量转换效率分别为6.81%、7.43%和8.77%。     

Exploration of a Possible Partnership among Orphan Two-Component System Proteins in Cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942

The unnatural long-chain OPCs, OPC-9:0 and OPC-10:0, were respectively synthesized from the ethyl esters of OPC-7:0 and OPC-8:0. C₂-carbon elongation was achieved via alkylation of the enolate of tert-butyl acetate. The potato tuber-inducing activity of OPC-10:0, as well as OPC-8:0, -6:0 and -4:0, was similar to that of jasmonic acid. OPC-9:0 also exhibited weak tuber-inducing activity.