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菌寄生真菌(mycoparasites)是一类具重要理论和应用价值的真菌.它们不仅对植物病害有防治潜力,而且对阐明生物间的寄生现象及信号传递有重要意义.近几年,菌寄生真菌的研究有较大进展,重点有两个方面。一个属理论研究领域,研究方向集中在菌寄生真菌与寄主真菌相互识别的分子机制;另一个属应用研究领域,集中在菌寄生真菌产生的细胞壁降解酶的调节、纯化、基因克隆以及外源细胞壁降解酶基因转人菌寄生真菌中等方面.本文论述如下.1菌寄生真菌与寄主真菌相互识别的分子机制生物间相互识别的分子基础是当今生命科学研究的热门,也是生… 相似文献
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冬虫夏草菌侵染及寄生阶段的生长发育研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
冬虫夏草菌侵染进入寄主幼虫血体腔后,断裂形成长梭形的菌体。菌体以顶端出芽的方式增殖,分隔分化,互相质配。质配菌体生长出菌丝充满寄主幼虫血体腔,使幼虫死亡并形成僵虫形的菌核,菌核萌生子座即形成冬虫夏草。 相似文献
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植物内生菌作为生物防治中的天然资源菌,已引起越来越多研究者的关注。从植物内生菌的分布和种类、分离培养、活性筛选、活性物质成分以及防治植物寄生线虫的作用机理几方面内容进行综述,并对植物内生菌防治植物寄生线虫的相关问题及发展趋势进行探讨,以期为今后深入开展相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
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<正>Helicogonium由White(1942)以H.jacksonii W.L.White为模式种建立,初为单种属。Bara(l1999)对该属进行专题研究,认为Myriogonium Cain 相似文献
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华东地区根结线虫寄生真菌调查 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过对5种分离根结线虫寄生真菌的方法的比较,发现通过雌成虫平板分离法和卵平板分离法有较高的成功率,其他三种自幼虫上或土壤中分离的方法很少取得成功。从华东地区104个根结线虫样品中分离得到根结线虫寄生真菌648个菌株,鉴定为14个属22个种,其中Cylindrocarpon destuctans,C.heteronema,Fusarium equiseti,F.lateritium,F.proliferatum,Gliocladium virens,Humicola fuscoatra,Idriella lunata,Trichoderma hamatum,T.harzianum,Verticillium catenulatum,Volutella cilliata为首次报道在根结线虫上寄生。通过种种分析发现Fusarium solani出现频率最高,F.oxysporum,Paceilomyces lilacinus和Acremonium strictum virens和Trichoderma harzianum仅在卵上分离到,而Volutella cilliata,Trichoderma hamatum和Idriella lunata仅在雌成虫分离到,从幼虫上仅分离一次Paecilomyces lilacinus。其它真菌在卵和成虫上均可分离得到,真菌种类三 奶结线虫上和在不同地区有所不同。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌和植物寄生线虫 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文综述了土壤微生物中丛枝菌根真菌和植物寄生线虫的互作关系及其互作机理,并阐述了丛枝菌根真菌在防治植物线虫病害方面的应用前景和实际操作中应注意的技术环节。 相似文献
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衰老是生物学中一个基本的、尚未解决的问题。过去十几年在无脊椎动物方面的研究表明,胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子信号通路发生改变可以增加寿命和延迟衰老。在酵母、线虫、果蝇和小鼠等方面的研究已经勾画出了这个神秘问题的大致轮廓。 相似文献
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前纤维蛋白(profilin)是一种低分子量的肌动蛋白结合蛋白,在目前发现的真核生物中普遍存在。越来越多的实验证明,前纤维蛋白除了能与肌动蛋白结合之外,在分子间相互作用的复杂网络中还起到一个控制中心的作用,而这种相互作用的重要性才刚刚被人们所了解。回顾了最近几年有关前纤维蛋白基因家族、其在信号通路中的作用、配体结合及修饰与调控方面的研究,并对目前提出的假设及存在的问题进行了讨论与展望。 相似文献
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Lucio Cocco Matilde Y. Follo Lucia Manzoli Pann-Ghill Suh 《Journal of lipid research》2015,56(10):1853-1860
Phospholipases are widely occurring and can be found in several different organisms, including bacteria, yeast, plants, animals, and viruses. Phospholipase C (PLC) is a class of phospholipases that cleaves phospholipids on the diacylglycerol (DAG) side of the phosphodiester bond producing DAGs and phosphomonoesters. Among PLCs, phosphoinositide-specific PLC (PI-PLC) constitutes an important step in the inositide signaling pathways. The structures of PI-PLC isozymes show conserved domains as well as regulatory specific domains. This is important, as most PI-PLCs share a common mechanism, but each of them has a peculiar role and can have a specific cell distribution that is linked to a specific function. More importantly, the regulation of PLC isozymes is fundamental in health and disease, as there are several PLC-dependent molecular mechanisms that are associated with the activation or inhibition of important physiopathological processes. Moreover, PI-PLC alternative splicing variants can play important roles in complex signaling networks, not only in cancer but also in other diseases. That is why PI-PLC isozymes are now considered as important molecules that are essential for better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying both physiology and pathogenesis, and are also potential molecular targets useful for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. 相似文献
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Zeng J Fridman M Maruta H Treutlein HR Simonson T 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》1999,8(1):50-64
Binding of the protein Raf to the active form of Ras promotes activation of the MAP kinase signaling pathway, triggering cell growth and differentiation. Raf/Arg89 in the center of the binding interface plays an important role determining Ras-Raf binding affinity. We have investigated experimentally and computationally the Raf-R89K mutation, which abolishes signaling in vivo. The binding to [gamma-35S]GTP-Ras of a fusion protein between the Raf-binding domain (RBD) of Raf and GST was reduced at least 175-fold by the mutation, corresponding to a standard binding free energy decrease of at least 3.0 kcal/mol. To compute this free energy and obtain insights into the microscopic interactions favoring binding, we performed alchemical simulations of the RBD, both complexed to Ras and free in solution, in which residue 89 is gradually mutated from Arg into Lys. The simulations give a standard binding free energy decrease of 2.9+/-1.9 kcal/mol, in agreement with experiment. The use of numerous runs with three different force fields allows insights into the sources of uncertainty in the free energy and its components. The binding decreases partly because of a 7 kcal/mol higher cost to desolvate Lys upon binding, compared to Arg, due to better solvent interactions with the more concentrated Lys charge in the unbound state. This effect is expected to be general, contributing to the lower propensity of Lys to participate in protein-protein interfaces. Large contributions to the free energy change also arise from electrostatic interactions with groups up to 8 A away, namely residues 37-41 in the conserved effector domain of Ras (including 4 kcal/mol from Ser39 which loses a bifurcated hydrogen bond to Arg89), the conserved Lys84 and Lys87 of Raf, and 2-3 specific water molecules. This analysis will provide insights into the large experimental database of Ras-Raf mutations. 相似文献
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Recognition of Ras by its downstream target Raf is mediated by a Ras-recognition region in the Ras-binding domain (RBD) of Raf. Residues 78–89 in this region occupy two different conformations in the ensemble of NMR solution structures of the RBD: a fully α-helical one, and one where 87–90 form a type IV β-turn. Molecular dynamics simulations of the RBD in solution were performed to explore the stability of these and other possible conformations of both the wild-type RBD and the R89K mutant, which does not bind Ras. The simulations sample a fully helical conformation for residues 78–89 similar to the NMR helical structures, a conformation where 85–89 form a 310-helical turn, and a conformation where 87–90 form a type I |iB-turn, whose free energies are all within 0.3 kcal/mol of each other. NOE patterns and Hα chemical shifts from the simulations are in reasonable agreement with experiment. The NMR turn structure is calculated to be 3 kcal/mol higher than the three above conformations. In a simulation with the same implicit solvent model used in the NMR structure generation, the turn conformation relaxes into the fully helical conformation, illustrating possible structural artifacts introduced by the implicit solvent model. With the Raf R89K mutant, simulations sample a fully helical and a turn conformation, the turn being 0.9 kcal/mol more stable. Thus, the mutation affects the population of RBD conformations, and this is expected to affect Ras binding. For example, if the fully helical conformation of residues 78–89 is required for binding, its free energy increase in R89K will increase the binding free energy by about 0.6 kcal/mol. Proteins 31:186–200, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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