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1.
Amanda Mangeon Claudia Magioli Adriana Dias Menezes-Salgueiro Vanessa Cardeal Cristina de Oliveira Vinícius Costa Galvão Rogério Margis Gilbert Engler Gilberto Sachetto-Martins 《Planta》2009,230(2):253-265
Although several glycine-rich protein (GRP) genes were isolated and characterized, very little is known about their function.
The primary structure of AtGRP5 from Arabidopsis thaliana has a signal peptide followed by a region with high glycine content. In this work, green fluorescent protein fusions were
obtained in order to characterize the sub-cellular localization of the AtGRP5 protein. The results indicated that this protein
is the first described vacuolar GRP. Sense, antisense and RNAi transgenic A. thaliana plants were generated and analyzed phenotypically. Plants overexpressing AtGRP5 showed longer roots and an enhanced elongation of the inflorescence axis, while antisense and RNAi plants demonstrated the
opposite phenotype. The analysis of a knockout T-DNA line corroborates the phenotypes obtained with the antisense and RNAi
plants. Altogether, these results suggest that this vacuolar GRP could be involved in organ growth by promoting cell elongation
processes.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Amanda Mangeon and Claudia Magioli contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
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Stracke R De Vos RC Bartelniewoehner L Ishihara H Sagasser M Martens S Weisshaar B 《Planta》2009,229(2):427-445
Flavonol synthase (FLS) (EC-number 1.14.11.23), the enzyme that catalyses the conversion of flavonols into dihydroflavonols,
is part of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this activity is thought to be encoded by several loci. In addition to the FLAVONOL SYNTHASE1 (FLS1) locus that has been confirmed by enzyme activity assays, loci displaying similarity of the deduced amino acid sequences to
FLS1 have been identified. We studied the putative A. thaliana
FLS gene family using a combination of genetic and metabolite analysis approaches. Although several of the FLS gene family members are expressed, only FLS1 appeared to influence flavonoid biosynthesis. Seedlings of an A. thaliana
fls1 null mutant (fls1-2) show enhanced anthocyanin levels, drastic reduction in flavonol glycoside content and concomitant accumulation of glycosylated
forms of dihydroflavonols, the substrate of the FLS reaction. By using a leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (ldox)
fls1-2 double mutant, we present evidence that the remaining flavonol glycosides found in the fls1-2 mutant are synthesized in planta by the FLS-like side activity of the LDOX enzyme.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Nucleotide sequence database accession numbers: GenBank accession EU287457 and EU287459. 相似文献
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Reduction of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool is known to activate phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins. In the Arabidopsis thaliana mutants psad1-1 and psae1-3, oxidation of photosystem I (PSI) is impaired, and the PQ pool is correspondingly over-reduced. We show here that, under
these conditions, the antenna protein Lhca4 of PSI becomes a target for phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of the mature Lhca4
protein at Thr16 is suppressed in stn7 psad1 and stn7 psae1 double mutants. Thus, under extreme redox conditions, hyperactivation of thylakoid protein kinases and/or reorganization
of thylakoid protein complex distribution increase the susceptibility of PSI to phosphorylation.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Anna Ihnatowicz and Paolo Pesaresi contributed equally to the article. 相似文献
7.
The Contribution of Transposable Elements to Expressed Coding Sequence in Arabidopsis thaliana 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The goal of this study was to assess the extent to which transposable elements (TEs) have contributed to protein-coding regions
in Arabidopsis thaliana. To do this, we first characterized the extent of chimeric TE-gene constructs. We compared a genome-wide TE database to genomic
sequences, annotated coding regions, and EST data. The comparison revealed that 7.8% of expressed genes contained a region
with close similarity to a known TE sequence. Some groups of TEs, such as helitrons, were underrepresented in exons relative to their genome-wide distribution; in contrast, Copia-like and En/Spm-like sequences were overrepresented in exons. These 7.8% percent of genes were enriched for some GO-based
functions, particularly kinase activity, and lacking in other functions, notably structural molecule activity. We also examined
gene family evolution for these genes. Gene family information helped clarify whether the sequence similarity between TE and
gene was due to a TE contributing to the gene or, instead, the TE co-opting a portion of the gene. Most (66%) of these genes
were not easily assigned to a gene family, and for these we could not infer the direction of the relationship between TE and
gene. For the remainder, where appropriate, we built phylogenetic trees to infer the direction of the TE-gene relationship
by parsimony. By this method, we verified examples where TEs contributed to expressed proteins. Our results are undoubtedly
conservative but suggest that TEs may have contributed small protein segments to as many as 1.2% of all expressed, annotated
A. thaliana genes.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
8.
Hua Li Xian Zeng Zi-Qiang Liu Qiu-Tao Meng Ming Yuan Tong-Lin Mao 《Plant molecular biology》2009,69(3):313-324
Nine genes that encode proteins of the MAP65 family have been identified in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. In this study, we reported that AtMAP65-2, a member of the AtMAP65 family, could strongly stabilize microtubules
(MTs). Bacterially-expressed AtMAP65-2 fusion proteins induced the formation of large MT bundles in vitro. Although AtMAP65-2
showed little effect on MT assembly or nucleation, AtMAP65-2 greatly stabilized MTs that were subjected to low-temperature
treatment in vitro. Analyses of truncated versions of AtMAP65-2 indicated that the region that encompassed amino acids 495–578,
which formed a flexible extended loop, played a crucial role in the stabilization of MTs. Analysis of suspension-cultured
Arabidopsis cells that expressed the AtMAP65-2-GFP fusion protein showed that AtMAP65-2 co-localized with MTs throughout the cell cycle.
Cortical MTs that were decorated with AtMAP65-2-GFP were more resistant to the MT-disrupting drug propyzamide and to ice treatment
in vivo. The results of this study demonstrate that AtMAP65-2 strongly stabilizes MTs and is involved in the regulation of
MT organization and dynamics.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
H. Li and X. Zeng have contributed equally to this paper and are considered as joint first authors. 相似文献
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De-etiolation involves a number of phenotypic changes as the plants shift from a dark-grown (etiolated) to a light-grown (de-etiolated)
morphology. Whilst these light-induced, morphological changes are thought to be mediated by plant hormones, the precise mechanism/s
are not yet fully understood. Here we provide further direct evidence that gibberellins (GAs) may play an important role in
de-etiolation, because a similar light-induced reduction in bioactive GA levels was detected in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.). This is indicative of a highly conserved, negative-regulatory role for GAs in de-etiolation, in a range of taxonomically
diverse species. In contrast, we found no direct evidence of a reduction in brassinosteroid (BR) levels during de-etiolation
in any of these species.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
11.
Katharina Lohrig Bernd Müller Joulia Davydova Dario Leister Dirk Andreas Wolters 《Planta》2009,229(5):1123-1134
Protein phosphorylation is a major mode of regulation of metabolism, gene expression, and cell architecture. A combination
of phosphopeptide enrichment strategies based on TiO2 and IMAC in addition to our MudPIT strategy revealed the detection of 181 phosphorylation sites which are located on 125
potentially plastidic proteins predicted by GoMiner, TargetP/Predotar in Arabidopsis thaliana. In our study phosphorylation on serine is favored over threonine and this in turn over phosphorylation on tyrosine residues,
showing a percentage of 67.4% to 24.3% to 8.3% for pS:pT:pY. Four phosphorylated residues (S208, Y239, T246 and T330), identified
by our approach have been fitted to the structure of the activated form of spinach RuBisCO, which are located in close proximity
to the substrate binding site for ribulosebisphosphate. Potentially, these phosphorylation sites exert a direct influence
on the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Such examples show nicely the value of the presented mass spectrometric dataset for
further biochemical applications, since alternative mutation analysis often turns out to be unsuccessful, caused by mutations
in essential proteins which result in lethal phenotypes.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
12.
Kenji Komatsu Yuri Nishikawa Tomohito Ohtsuka Teruaki Taji Ralph S. Quatrano Shigeo Tanaka Yoichi Sakata 《Plant molecular biology》2009,70(3):327-340
We employed a comparative genomic approach to understand protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C)-mediated abscisic acid (ABA) signaling
in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Ectopic expression of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) abi1-1, a dominant mutant allele of ABI1 encoding a PP2C involved in the negative regulation of ABA signaling, caused ABA insensitivity of P. patens both in gene expression of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes and in ABA-induced protonemal growth inhibition. The transgenic
abi1-1 plants showed decreased ABA-induced freezing tolerance, and decreased tolerance to osmotic stress. Analyses of the P. patens genome revealed that only two (PpABI1A and PpABI1B) PP2C genes were related to ABI1. In the ppabi1a null mutants, ABA-induced expression of LEA genes was elevated, and protonemal growth was inhibited with lower ABA concentration compared to the wild type. Moreover,
ABA-induced freezing tolerance of the ppabi1a mutants was markedly enhanced. We provide the genetic evidence that PP2C-mediated ABA signaling is evolutionarily conserved
between Arabidopsis and P. patens.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Accession Numbers: PpABI1A-AB369256, PpABI1B-AB369255, pphn39k21-AB369257. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Michelle Patrick Vourc’h Laurence Mignon Christian R. Andres 《Journal of molecular evolution》2009,68(6):616-628
Ubiquitin (Ub)-conjugating enzymes (E2) are key enzymes in ubiquitination or Ub-like modifications of proteins. We searched
for all proteins belonging to the E2 enzyme super-family in seven species (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Arabidopsis thaliana) to identify families and to reconstruct each family’s phylogeny. Our phylogenetic analysis of 207 genes led us to define
17 E2 families, with 37 E2 genes, in the human genome. The subdivision of E2 into four classes did not correspond to the phylogenetic
tree. The sequence signature HPN (histidine–proline–asparagine), followed by a tryptophan residue at 16 (up to 29) amino acids,
was highly conserved. When present, the active cysteine was found 7 to 8 amino acids from the C-terminal end of HPN. The secondary
structures were characterized by a canonical alpha/beta fold. Only family 10 deviated from the common organization because
the proteins were devoid of enzymatic activity. Family 7 had an insertion between beta strands 1 and 2; families 3, 5 and
14 had an insertion between the active cysteine and the conserved tryptophan. The three-dimensional data of these proteins
highlight a strong structural conservation of the core domain. Our analysis shows that the primitive eukaryote ancestor possessed
a diversified set of E2 enzymes, thus emphasizing the importance of the Ub pathway. This comprehensive overview of E2 enzymes
emphasizes the diversity and evolution of this superfamily and helps clarify the nomenclature and true orthologies. A better
understanding of the functions of these enzymes is necessary to decipher several human diseases.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
14.
De Bolle MF Butaye KM Goderis IJ Wouters PF Jacobs A Delauré SL Depicker A Cammue BP 《Plant molecular biology》2007,63(4):533-543
Many studies in both animal and plant systems have shown that matrix attachment regions (MARs) can increase the expression
of flanking transgenes. However, our previous studies revealed no effect of the chicken lysozyme MARs (chiMARs) on transgene
expression in the first generation transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants transformed with a β-glucuronidase gene (uidA) unless gene silencing mutants were used as genetic background for transformation. In the present study, we investigated why
chiMARs do not influence transgene expression in transgenic wild-type Arabidopsis plants. We first studied the effect of chiMARs
on transgene expression in the progeny of primary transformants harboring chiMAR-flanked T-DNAs. Our data indicate that chiMARs
do not affect transgene expression in consecutive generations of wild-type A. thaliana plants. Next, we examined whether these observed results in A. thaliana transformants are influenced by the applied transformation method. The results from in vitro transformed A. thaliana plants are in accordance with those from in planta transformed A. thaliana plants and again reveal no influence of chiMARs on transgene expression in A. thaliana wild-type transformants. The effect of chiMARs on transgene expression is also examined in in vitro transformed Nicotiana tabacum plants, but as for A. thaliana, the transgene expression in tobacco transformants is not altered by the presence of chiMARs. Taken together, our results
show that the applied method or the plant species used for transformation does not influence whether and how chiMARs have
an effect on transgene expression. Finally, we studied the effect of MARs (tabMARs) of plant origin (tobacco) on the transgene
expression in A. thaliana wild-type plants and suppressed gene silencing (sgs2) mutants. Our results clearly show that similar to chiMARs, the tobacco-derived MARs do not enhance transgene expression
in a wild-type background but can be used to enhance transgene expression in a mutant impaired in gene silencing.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.
Miguel F.C. De Bolle, Katleen M.J. Butaye Contributed equally to this work 相似文献
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Telomeric DNA-binding proteins (TBPs) are crucial components that regulate the structure and function of eukaryotic telomeres and are evolutionarily conserved. We have identified two homologues of AtTBP1 (for Arabidopsis thaliana telomeric DNA binding protein 1), designated as AtTBP2 and AtTRP2, which encode proteins that specifically bind to the telomeric DNA of this plant. These proteins show extensive homology with other known plant TBPs. The isolated C-terminal segments of these proteins were capable of sequence-specific binding to duplex telomeric plant DNA in vitro. DNA bending assays using the Arabidopsis TBPs revealed that AtTBP1 and AtTBP2 have DNA-bending abilities comparable to that of the human homologue hTRF1, and higher than those of AtTRP1 and AtTRP2. 相似文献
17.
rka Schoov Jií Fajkus Lenka Zvesk Drbkov David Honys Petra Prochzkov Schrumpfov 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2019,98(2):195-212
Telomerase maturation and recruitment to telomeres is regulated by several telomerase‐ and telomere‐associated proteins. Among a number of proteins, human Pontin and Reptin play critical roles in telomerase biogenesis. Here we characterized plant orthologues of Pontin and Reptin, RuvBL1 and RuvBL2a, respectively, and show association of Arabidopsis thaliana RuvBL1 (AtRuvBL1) with the catalytic subunit of telomerase (AtTERT) in the nucleolus in vivo. In contrast to mammals, interactions between AtTERT and AtRuvBL proteins in A. thaliana are not direct and they are rather mediated by one of the Arabidopsis thaliana Telomere Repeat Binding (AtTRB) proteins. We further show that plant orthologue of dyskerin, named AtCBF5, is indirectly associated with AtTRB proteins but not with the AtRuvBL proteins in the plant nucleus/nucleolus, and interacts with the Protection of telomere 1 (AtPOT1a) in the nucleolus or cytoplasmic foci. Our genome‐wide phylogenetic analyses identify orthologues in RuvBL protein family within the plant kingdom. Dysfunction of AtRuvBL genes in heterozygous T‐DNA insertion A. thaliana mutants results in reduced telomerase activity and indicate the involvement of AtRuvBL in plant telomerase biogenesis. 相似文献
18.
Emanuela Pedrazzini 《Journal of Plant Biology》2009,52(2):88-101
Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are a class of polypeptides integrated into the membrane by a C-terminally located hydrophobic
sequence which are present in all three domains of life. Proteins of this class lack an N-terminal signal peptide and reach
their destination within the cell by posttranslational mechanisms. TA proteins perform a variety of essential functions on
the cytosolic face of cellular membranes and, in several cases, determine the organelle identity. Some TA proteins insert
directly into the lipid bilayer without the help of molecular machinery, suggesting that they may be ancestral proteins able
to recruit lipids, contributing to the formation of intracellular compartments during cell evolution. Relevant progress has
been made in recent years on the identification of TA protein sorting and the posttranslational translocation machineries.
Interestingly, membrane lipid components were also found to be involved in the insertion mechanism. A bioinformatic approach
is used to produce a catalogue of putative TA proteins encoded by the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, and intracellular localization is predicted based on features of well-characterized TA proteins. A recent strategy
aimed at improving the accumulation of recombinant proteins expressed in transgenic plants is also discussed.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
19.
V. Lång P. Heino E. T. Palva 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1989,77(5):729-734
Summary Exogenously applied abscisic acid (ABA) induced frost hardening of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. The freezing tolerance of A. thaliana plantlets treated with ABA (15 mg/l) at a non-acclimating temperature (20 °C) appeared to increase even more rapidly than following a low temperature (4 °C) acclimation. Analysis of in vivo-labelled soluble proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed several low temperature — or ABA — induced proteins, which where not produced in non-acclimated plants. A subset of these proteins was induced by both low temperature and ABA treatments, suggesting that they might be directly involved in the frost hardening process in A. thaliana. 相似文献
20.
The transposon Mutator was first identified in maize, and is one of the most active mobile elements in plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains at least 200 Mutator-like elements (MULEs), which contain the Mutator-like transposase gene, and often additional genes. We have detected a novel type of MULEs in melon (CUMULE), which, besides
the transposase, contains two ubiquitin-like specific protease-like sequences (ULP1). This element is not present in the observed
location in some melon cultivars. Multiple copies of this element exist in the Cucumis melo genome, and it has been detected in other Cucurbitaceae species. Analysis of the A. thaliana genome revealed more than 90 CUMULE-like elements, containing one or two Ulp1-like sequences, although no evidence of mobility exists for these elements. We detected various putative transposable elements
containing ULP1-like sequences in rice. The discovery of these MULEs in melon and Arabidopsis, and the existence of similar
elements in rice and maize, suggest that a proteolytic function may be important for this subset of the MULE transposable
elements.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.
Nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the GenBank database under the accession number AY524004. 相似文献