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Ana Cristina Gracia-Rebled Javier Santabárbara Raul Lopez-Anton Concepción Tomas Elena Lobo Guillermo Marcos Antonio Lobo 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2018,53(3):134-140
Introduction
The prevalence of cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND) varies between 5.1% and 35.9%, increasing between 65 and 85 years. The CIND increases the risk of dementia. Factors such as education, occupation, and social activities are associated with the risk of cognitive impairment. The main objective of this study was to analyse the association between the main occupation developed throughout life and CIND in a general population sample of over 55 years.Methods
In wave I of the ZARADEMP Project, a sample (n = 4803) of people over 55 years was interviewed. CIND measurement was obtained through the Mini Mental State Examination. Occupational activity data were recoded into white collar, blue collar, homemakers, and farmers. The association between the occupation variables and CIND was estimated using the odds ratio, and 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression equations.Results
The prevalence of CIND in the sample was 28.2%. As regards white collar workers, the CIND diagnosis odds was 53% higher for blue collar workers, 77% higher for women who were homemakers and almost twice for farmers, after controlling for socio-demographic, behavioural and clinical variables. All results were statistically significant.Conclusions
CIND frequency is influenced by the previous occupation of the subjects. An occupation with higher intellectual requirements can help keep cognitive functions intact for longer. 相似文献3.
Elizabeth da Costa María José Robles María Dolores Sánchez-Rodríguez Olga Vázquez-Ibar Ramón Miralles 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2018,53(2):77-80
Objective
To apply 3 advanced chronic disease evaluation tools in elderly patients admitted to an intermediate and long-term care centre, and evaluate its relationship with mortality.Methods
The NECPAL tool, PROFUND prognostic index, and Charlson comorbidity index were applied to 87 patients.Results
The NECPAL tool identified 31 patients (35.6%) in need of palliative care, and according to the PROFUND index, 45 (54.7%) had high/very high risk of mortality (≥7 points), and according to Charlson index, 31 (35.6%) had high comorbidity (≥4 points).Of the NECPAL positive patients, 80.5% had a PROFUND index score ≥7, and 48.3% a Charlson index ≥ 4. These percentages were 34.4% and 28.5% in negative NECPAL patients (P<.001 and P≤.06, respectively).Correlations between the 3 tools: quantitative (Spearman) number of responses in NECPAL with PROFUND (r=.57; P<.001); with Charlson (r=.214; P<.047) and between PROFUND and Charlson (r=.157; P=.148). Qualitative (kappa) NECPAL (positive/negative) with PROFUND (cut-off 6/7) (0.40; P<.001), and Charlson (cut-off 3/4) (0.19; P=.080) and between PROFUND and Charlson (0.08; P=.399).Mortality prediction (area under the curve): NECPAL 3 months 0.81 (95% CI: 0.62-1.00); 6 months 0.71 (95% CI: 0.53-0.89) and 12 months 0.67 (95% CI: 0.52-0.82). PROFUND 3 months 0.71 (95% CI: 0.50-0.91); 6 months 0.73 (95% CI: 0.58-0.87), and 12 months 0.69 (95% CI: 0.57-0.81). Charlson 3 months 0.72 (95% CI: 0.52-0.91); 6 months 0.62 (95% CI: 0.45-0.80), and 12 months 0.64 (95% CI: 0.50-0.78).Conclusions
The 3 tools were significantly associated with high mortality. A low concordance was found between the results of the different tools. 相似文献4.
In the last few years, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has been introduced in clinical laboratories for routine identification. Initially used for research, MALDI-TOF-MS allows rapid and accurate identification of the main microorganisms isolated from clinical samples, by intact cell mass spectrometry or directly from positive blood culture or urines. Other applications are being in processed as bacterial typing, research and detection of antibiotic resistance or particularly virulent strains. 相似文献
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《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2020,55(1):3-10
Backgrounds and objectivesThe use of physical restraints (PR) is common in the care of the elderly. However, their efficacy and safety are not supported by scientific evidence. The aim of this study was to determine the role of PR in preventing falls.Materials and methodsA retrospective cohort study design was used, in which each fall incident (n = 575) was examined in the residents over 65 years of age who resided at the one nursing homes from February 2009 to September 2013. An analysis was made of the association between the use of PR and risk of falls using a multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for the characteristics of residents that were associated with the use of PR according to a bivariate analysis.ResultsRisk factors for falls after accounting for PR use, include: risk of falling (Tinetti test) (OR 4.57; 95% CI 1.76-11.75); ability to walk (OR 6.40; 95% CI 2.78-14.74); hearing impairment (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.05-4.29); and history of a previous fall (OR 17.81; 95% CI 8.83-35.93). The risk of falls was greater in restrained, ambulatory residents with cognitive impairment (OR 18.95; 95% CI 7.06-50.85). No differences were found in injuries between falls that occurred with and without PR.ConclusionsRestraint use was not significantly associated with fewer falls and injuries. The risk of falls could increase in ambulatory residents with cognitive impairment. The study results suggest the need to consider whether restraints provide adequate protection against the risk of falls. 相似文献
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Luis Romero Rizos Pedro Manuel Sánchez Jurado Pedro Abizanda Soler 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2009
Although the implementation of acute geriatric units (AGUs) in general hospitals has a grade A of evidency, in Spain, only 12% of them have this resource. The estimation of geriatric especializad beds for the care of acute frail elderly people is of 2.6/1000 inhabitants older than 75 years. AGUs have demonstrated to reduce the functional loss associated with the hospitalization and to increase the percentage of older people that can return home, without increases in mortality nor costs. In this review we present the characteristics of patients who benefit from AGUs, the services offered, the structure and functioning of the unit, the role of the professionals that work in it and the quality indicators that must be acomplished. 相似文献
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《Médecine Nucléaire》2014,38(1):11-13
The evaluation kits PSA conducted in 2004 by AFSSAPS resumed in 2012 using the same methodology to update the performance of assays available on the French market. Preference should be given to equimolar and accurate assays of PSA for uniform clinical use and correct kinetic monitoring. 相似文献
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《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2020,55(3):131-136
IntroductionEnd-stage renal disease prevalence is increasing in older adults. Frailty is highly prevalent in older adults with end-stage renal disease. However, there are no prospective studies comparing the performance of the different modalities of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in frail older adults.ObjectiveTo compare clinically relevant outcomes (hospital admission, falls, hip fractures, and mortality) in prefrail and frail older adults according to the modality of RRT: peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis.MethodsA prospective observational study in prefrail and frail older adults (according to FRAIL scale) on peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis was carried out. An evaluation was made using baseline characteristics (age, Charlson, body mass index, time on RRT, compliance with Kt/V dose, haemoglobin, and albumin). The patients were followed-up over 12 months, recording mortality, days and number of hospital admissions, falls, and hip fractures.ResultsA total of 54/65 (83%) older adults on RRT met criteria for prefrailty or frailty, and signed informed consent (27 in each modality). Baseline characteristics were similar, except for serum albumin and time on RRT, both of which were significantly lower in the peritoneal dialysis group. The FRAIL score was similar in both groups. Baseline FRAIL correlated with higher comorbidity, lower albumin levels, and non-compliance of Kt/V dose, while it was independent of age, body mass index, and time on RRT. Days and number of hospital admissions at 12 months were similar in patients on peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis. Survival on peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis was similar. There were no differences in falls or hip fractures.ConclusionsPre-frail and frail older adults on peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis have similar clinical outcomes. 相似文献
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《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2016,33(1):7-12
BackgroundThe soil is a natural reservoir of keratinophilic fungi, which are a small but important group of filamentous fungi, some of which typically develop on keratinized tissues of living animals. There are numerous species of saprophytic fungi with recognized keratinophilic abilities, and several studies have been undertaken in order to link their presence to possible human disease.AimsTo know the biota of geophilic fungi in general and of keratinophilic fungi particularly in soils from two public parks.MethodsSoil samples from two public parks of Corrientes city, Argentina, were studied during two seasons, using the hook technique and serial dilutions for fungal isolation.ResultsUsing the hook technique, 170 isolates were classified into 17 genera and 21 species, among which it is worth mentioning the presence of Microsporum canis. Shannon index for keratinophilic fungi in autumn was 2.27, and 1.92 in spring. By means of the serial dilutions technique, 278 fungi isolated were identified into 33 genera and 71 species. Shannon index in autumn was 3.9, and 3.5 in spring.ConclusionsThe soils studied have particularly favorable conditions for the survival of pathogens and opportunistic geophilic fungi for humans and animals. 相似文献
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