纳米医药学基本原理

纳米技术在医药学中的应用,已逐渐成为医药学的一个新的分枝。这一新的分枝称之为纳米医药学。纳米医药学中主要应用纳米粒子的三种基本功能:靶向作用、缓控释作用和跨生物屏障作用。目前对纳米技术应用研究较多的医药学领域包括用纳米材料制备人工生物结构、重大疾病的治疗及诊断。本文就有关方面进行最简要的讨论。     

Nanomedicine in GI

Recent advances in nanotechnology offer new hope for disease detection, prevention, and treatment. Nanomedicine is a rapidly evolving field wherein targeted therapeutic approaches using nanotechnology based on the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal diseases are being developed. Nanoparticle vectors capable of delivering drugs specifically and exclusively to regions of the gastrointestinal tract affected by disease for a prolonged period of time are likely to significantly reduce the side effects of existing otherwise effective treatments. This review aims at integrating various applications of the most recently developed nanomaterials that have tremendous potential for the detection and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.     

Nanomedicine for obesity treatment

Obesity, as a chronic condition, has been a serious public health issue over the last decades both in the affluent Western world and developing countries. As reported, the risk of several serious diseases increases with weight gain, including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, cancer, and respiratory diseases. In addition to lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy has become an important strategy to control weight gain. However, most of the anti-obesity drugs often show poor outcome for weight-loss and cause severe adverse effects. This review surveys recent advances in nanomedicine as an emerging strategy for obesity treatment with an emphasis on the enhanced therapeutic efficiency and minimized side effects. The insights for future development are also discussed.     

新时期医学科研档案管理的特点和问题

随着医学科学研究的迅速发展,医学科研档案管理实践中暴露出了一系列新的问题和矛盾,本文从医学科研档案的特点和现代医学研究发展的要求出发,对医学科研档案管理体制、管理模式、管理技术、全员档案意识、技术平台建设以及档案的开发利用等方面进行了深入的探讨。目的是增强档案意识,提高科研档案管理水平,更好地为医学科研活动服务。     

新时期医学科研档案管理的特点和问题

随着医学科学研究的迅速发展,医学科研档案管理实践中暴露出了一系列新的问题和矛盾,本文从医学科研档案的特点和现代医学研究发展的要求出发,对医学科研档案管理体制、管理模式、管理技术、全员档案意识、技术平台建设以及档案的开发利用等方面进行了深入的探讨。目的是增强档案意识,提高科研档案管理水平,更好地为医学科研活动服务。     

The Mice Drawer System (MDS) experiment and the space endurance record-breaking mice

The Italian Space Agency, in line with its scientific strategies and the National Utilization Plan for the International Space Station (ISS), contracted Thales Alenia Space Italia to design and build a spaceflight payload for rodent research on ISS: the Mice Drawer System (MDS). The payload, to be integrated inside the Space Shuttle middeck during transportation and inside the Express Rack in the ISS during experiment execution, was designed to function autonomously for more than 3 months and to involve crew only for maintenance activities. In its first mission, three wild type (Wt) and three transgenic male mice over-expressing pleiotrophin under the control of a bone-specific promoter (PTN-Tg) were housed in the MDS. At the time of launch, animals were 2-months old. MDS reached the ISS on board of Shuttle Discovery Flight 17A/STS-128 on August 28(th), 2009. MDS returned to Earth on November 27(th), 2009 with Shuttle Atlantis Flight ULF3/STS-129 after 91 days, performing the longest permanence of mice in space. Unfortunately, during the MDS mission, one PTN-Tg and two Wt mice died due to health status or payload-related reasons. The remaining mice showed a normal behavior throughout the experiment and appeared in excellent health conditions at landing. During the experiment, the mice health conditions and their water and food consumption were daily checked. Upon landing mice were sacrificed, blood parameters measured and tissues dissected for subsequent analysis. To obtain as much information as possible on microgravity-induced tissue modifications, we organized a Tissue Sharing Program: 20 research groups from 6 countries participated. In order to distinguish between possible effects of the MDS housing conditions and effects due to the near-zero gravity environment, a ground replica of the flight experiment was performed at the University of Genova. Control tissues were collected also from mice maintained on Earth in standard vivarium cages.     

Nanomedicine Scale-up Technologies: Feasibilities and Challenges

Nanomedicine refers to biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of nanosized cargos of drugs/vaccine/DNA therapeutics including nanoparticles, nanoclusters, and nanospheres. Such particles have unique characteristics related to their size, surface, drug loading, and targeting potential. They are widely used to combat disease by controlled delivery of bioactive(s) or for diagnosis of life-threatening problems in their very early stage. The bioactive agent can be combined with a diagnostic agent in a nanodevice for theragnostic applications. However, the formulation scientist faces numerous challenges related to their development, scale-up feasibilities, regulatory aspects, and commercialization. This article reviews recent progress in the method of development of nanoparticles with a focus on polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, their scale-up techniques, and challenges in their commercialization.KEY WORDS: lipid nanoparticles, nanomedicine, polymeric nanoparticles, scale-up production     

The MOSIX Direct File System Access Method for Supporting Scalable Cluster File Systems

MOSIX is a cluster management system that supports preemptive process migration. This paper presents the MOSIX Direct File System Access (DFSA), a provision that can improve the performance of cluster file systems by allowing a migrated process to directly access files in its current location. This capability, when combined with an appropriate file system, could substantially increase the I/O performance and reduce the network congestion by migrating an I/O intensive process to a file server rather than the traditional way of bringing the file's data to the process. DFSA is suitable for clusters that manage a pool of shared disks among multiple machines. With DFSA, it is possible to migrate parallel processes from a client node to file servers for parallel access to different files. Any consistent file system can be adjusted to work with DFSA. To test its performance, we developed the MOSIX File-System (MFS) which allows consistent parallel operations on different files. The paper describes DFSA and presents the performance of MFS with and without DFSA.     

Nanomedicine targeting ferroptosis to overcome anticancer therapeutic resistance

A potential reason for the failure of tumor therapies is treatment resistance. Resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy continues to be a major obstacle in clinic, resulting in tumor recurrence and metastasis. The major mechanisms of therapy resistance are inhibitions of cell deaths, like apoptosis and necrosis, through drug inactivation and excretion, repair of DNA damage, tumor heterogeneity,or changes in tumor microenvironment, etc. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosi...