外源1Dx5基因导致小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基表达变异

目的:为了结合基因枪转化和传统杂交方法培育优质小麦品种,对转基因小麦和国内主栽小麦品种杂交后代外源基因遗传表达行为进行了研究。方法:采用SDS-PAGE对2个小麦杂交组合川89-107×B72-8-11b和鄂麦18×B72-8-11b的杂交及回交后代籽粒进行高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基遗传表达分析。结果:在亲本中能够稳定超量表达的外源基因1Dx5在杂交后代中出现了不同的表达量,而且在外源基因的影响下,杂交后代出现了新的、杂交亲本并不表达的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基。结论:多拷贝的外源基因在不同于受体环境的细胞质中的表达发生了变化,且由于外源基因的插入引起了内源高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成的变异。     

杂交后代中转基因小麦外源1Ax1基因的遗传

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基1Ax1基因是决定小麦加工品质的主效基因之一,在小麦胚乳中增加1Ax1基因的表达量可以提高其加工品质,这对于小麦的品质改良具有重要意义。采用外源1Ax1基因超量表达的转基因小麦‘B102-1-2’为父本,常规小麦品种‘鄂麦12’和‘川89-107’为母本进行杂交试验。采用SDS-PAGE技术检测并分析各组合亲本、F1代、F2代的HMW-GS组成,从而研究转基因小麦‘B102-1-2’中外源品质基因1Ax1表达的遗传规律。研究结果表明:外源基因有效地整合进入主栽小麦的基因组中,并且正确表达,在F2代中表现出15∶1的分离比,遵循孟德尔遗传模式,这对于杂交育种策略的选择制订具有指导意义。     

基因枪法获得无选择标记的1Dx5基因表达的转基因小麦

利用基因枪将无选择标记的优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因1Dx5导入新疆耐盐小麦品种新冬26,为利用优质基因进行小麦品质改良奠定基础。构建无选择标记的线性1Dx5表达框。利用基因枪将其转入不含该亚基的小麦品种新冬26幼胚盾片中,经PCR二分法筛选,从转化的1 000块幼胚盾片中共获得3株转基因阳性植株,转化效率0.3%。利用SDS-PAGE分析目的基因在转基因后代籽粒中的表达。转基因植株后代种子分析表明,1Dx5在转基因后代部分种子中表达。本研究成功地将无选择标记的线性1Dx5片段导入普通小麦新冬26中,并在后代部分种子中得到了表达。为利用优质亚基基因改良小麦加工品质奠定基础。     

杂交后代中转基因小麦外源1Ax1基因的遗传

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基1Ax1基因是决定小麦加工品质的主效基因之一,在小麦胚乳中增加1Ax1基因的表达量可以提高其加工品质,这对于小麦的品质改良具有重要意义。采用外源1Ax1基因超量表达的转基因小麦‘B102-1-2’为父本,常规小麦品种‘鄂麦12’和‘川89-107’为母本进行杂交试验。采用SDS-PAGE技术检测并分析各组合亲本、F₁代、F₂代的HMW-GS组成,从而研究转基因小麦‘B102-1-2’中外源品质基因1Ax1表达的遗传规律。研究结果表明:外源基因有效地整合进入主栽小麦的基因组中,并且正确表达,在F₂代中表现出15:1的分离比,遵循孟德尔遗传模式,这对于杂交育种策略的选择制订具有指导意义。     

SDS-PAGE分析转基因小麦与主栽小麦杂交后代的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基

目的:高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)1Ax1、1Dx5是对小麦面包烘烤品质有重要影响的优质亚基。将转基因小麦株系与普通小麦栽培品种常规杂交并快速筛选后代,以选育含有外源优质亚基的主栽小麦品系。方法:将分别含有1Ax1、1Dx5亚基的转基因小麦株系B102-1-2、B73-6-1与3种普通小麦主栽品种鄂恩1号、鄂麦12号、日喀则8号常规杂交,用不连续SDS-PAGE方法鉴定12组杂交组合(正反交)F1代311颗籽粒的HMW-GS。结果:不连续SDS-PAGE分析大量子代带型,能够快速鉴定筛选出具有优质亚基的株系,转基因获得的外源优质HMW-GS基因在大部分F1子代中能够共显性遗传。结论:常规杂交育种能使外源基因有效地整合进主栽小麦的基因组中,进一步分析后代遗传的稳定性和遗传规律就可以培育出优质的新品种;不连续SDS-PAGE快速筛选优质亚基的株系具有可操作性和实用性。     

转基因小麦外源优质亚基基因的杂交转育研究

在获得外源品质基因1Dx5和1Ax1超量表达的转基因小麦的基础上,利用小麦转基因品系‘B72-8-11b’和‘B102-1-2’为父本,主要以湖北省栽培品种‘鄂麦12’为母本,配置杂交组合。杂交后代中采用系谱选择法,结合HMW-GS鉴定,研究了转基因小麦外源品质基因在F1、F2、F3、F4代的传递,并筛选出外源1Dx5或1Ax1基因保持超表达的2个新型转基因株系;同时证明了将外源品质基因向栽培品种转育,是提高小麦优质亚基含量和提高HMW-GS总量的有效方法之一。     

水稻谷蛋白GluA-2基因在小麦胚乳中的表达

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)谷蛋白(Glutelin)约占水稻储藏蛋白总量的80%,谷蛋白赖氨酸含量较高并易于被人体消化吸收.为了提高小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)的营养品质,将水稻谷蛋白GluA-2基因的cDNA序列导人小麦栽培品种Bobwhite(T. aestivum cv.Bobwhite).共轰击了600个小麦幼胚,经PCR和Southern杂交鉴定,共获得4棵转GluA-2基因小麦;SDS-PAGE分析表明,GluA-2基因在3棵转基因植株及其后代中表达,在1棵转基因植株中未表达,但其内源的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基Bx7和By9含量显著降低,并且可遗传至T1代.     

水稻谷蛋白GluA-2基因在小麦胚乳中的表达(英文)

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)谷蛋白(Glutelin)约占水稻储藏蛋白总量的80％,谷蛋白赖氨酸含量较高并易于被人体消化吸收。为了提高小麦(Triticum aestivum L. )的营养品质,将水稻谷蛋白GluA-2基因的cDNA序列导入小麦栽培品种Bobwhite(T. aestivum cv. Bobwhite)。共轰击了600个小麦幼胚,经PCR和Southern杂交鉴定,共获得4棵转GluA-2基因小麦;SDS-PAGE分析表明,GluA-2基因在3棵转基因植株及其后代中表达,在1棵转基因植株中未表达,但其内源的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基Bx7和By9含量显著降低,并且可遗传至T_代。     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基1Dx5启动子驱动外源基因的表达

将小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)基因的胚乳组织特异性表达启动子驱动的外源突变型1Dx5基因和gus基因导入小麦中.对其转基因植株连续3代的跟踪研究表明,突变型1Dx5基因的重复序列导致其表达蛋白分子量增大,并影响其它1Bx17 1By18亚基基因的表达.组织化学分析观察到gus基因在1Dx5基因启动子驱动下的表达表现出胚乳组织特异性,在开花2周后开始表达,表达量呈持续上升,至腊熟期达到最高,其次为籽粒成熟期.     

乌拉尔图小麦(Triticum urartu)1Ay高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因编码区的克隆与鉴定(英文)

应用简并性引物和基因组PCR反应从乌拉尔图小麦(Triticum urartu)不同种质材料中获得并测定了表达型和沉默型1Ay高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因全长编码区的基因组DNA序列。表达型1Ay基因编码区的序列与前人已发表的y型高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因编码区的序列高度同源,由其推导的1Ay亚基的一级结构与已知的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基相似。在细菌细胞中,表达型1Ay基因编码区的克隆序列可经诱导而产生1Ay蛋白,该蛋白与种子中1Ay亚基在电泳迁移率和抗原性上类似,表明所克隆的序列真实地代表了表达型1Ay基因的全长编码区。但是,本研究所克隆的沉默型1Ay基因的编码区序列因含有3个提前终止子而不能翻译成完整的1Ay蛋白。讨论了表达型1Ay基因在小麦籽粒加工品质改良中的潜在利用价值以及1Ay基因沉默的机制。     

Linear transgene constructs lacking vector backbone sequences generate low-copy-number transgenic plants with simple integration patterns

Whole plasmids are used in both Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and direct DNA transfer, generally leading to the integration of vector backbone sequences into the host genome along with the transgene(s). This is undesirable, as vector backbone sequences often have negative effects on transgene or endogenous gene expression, and can promote transgene rearrangements. We, therefore, bombarded rice tissue with two constructs: a plasmid containing the bar gene, and a linear DNA fragment isolated from the same plasmid, corresponding to the minimal bar gene expression cassette (promoter, open reading frame and terminator). We recovered phosphinothricin-resistant plants from both experiments, showing that the selectable marker was efficiently expressed. Transformation with such constructs resulted in predominantly 'simple' integration events (one or two bands on Southern blots), producing low-copy-number transgenic plants with a low frequency of transgene rearrangements. Conversely, transformation with supercoiled or linearized whole plasmids generated plants with 'complex' integration patterns, that is, higher copy numbers and frequent transgene rearrangements. We monitored transgenic lines through to the R4 generation and observed no silencing in plants carrying minimal constructs. We also carried out experiments in which rice tissue was simultaneously bombarded with minimal linear hpt and gusA cassettes. We observed robust GUS activity in hygromycin-resistant plants, confirming co-expression of the selectable and nonselectable markers. Furthermore, the efficiency of cotransformation using minimal constructs was the same as that using supercoiled plasmid cointegrate vectors.     

Molecular analysis of transgene and vector backbone integration into the barley genome following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

We report a large-scale study on the frequency of transgene and T-DNA backbone integration following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of immature barley embryos. One hundred and ninety-one plant lines were regenerated after hygromycin selection and visual selection for GFP expression at the callus stage. Southern blotting performed on a subset of 53 lines that were PCR positive for the GFP gene documented the integration of the GFP gene in 27 of the lines. Twenty-three of these lines expressed GFP in T₁ plantlets. Southern blotting with a vector backbone probe revealed that 13 of the 27 lines possessed one or more vector backbone fragments illustrating the regular occurrence of vector backbone integration following Agrobacterium infection of barley immature embryos.     

Co-transformation of gene expression cassettes via particle bombardment to generate safe transgenic plant without any unwanted DNA

The presence of resistant selectable marker genes and other added DNAs such as the vector backbone sequence in transgenic plant might be an unpredictable hazard to the ecosystem as well as to human health, which have affected the safe assessment of transgenic plants seriously. Using minimal gene expression cassette (containing the promoter, coding region, and terminator) without vector backbone sequence for particle bombardment is the new trend of plant genetic transformation. In the present paper, we co-transformed the selectable marker bar gene cassette and non-selected cecropinB gene cassette into rice (Oryza sativa L.) by particle bombardment, then eliminated the selectable marker bar gene in R₁ generation applying the hereditary segregation strategy and attained two safe transgenic plants only harboring cecropinB gene cassettes without any superfluous DNA. This is the fist report indicating that the combination of minimal gene cassettes transformation with the co-transformation and segregation strategy can generate selectable marker-free transgenic plants, which will promote the advancement in plant genetic engineering greatly.     

Inheritance and Expression of Copies of Transgenes 1Dx5 and 1Ax1 in Elite Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） Varieties Transferred from Transgenic Wheat through Conventional Crossing

To study the inheritance and expression of multiple copies of transgenes from transgenic wheat lines, three crosses between transgenic wheat lines B72-8-11b and B102-1-2 and Chinese elite wheat varieties Chuan89-107 and Email 8 were carried out. Chuan89-107×B72-8-11b, Chuan89-107×B102-1-2 and Email 8×B72-8-11b, and F_1 plants were selfed or backcrossed to obtain different generation populations. Protein analysis in grains of F_1 and F_2 and backcross progenies of BC_1F_1, BC_1F_2, BC_1F_3, BC_2F_1, BC_2F_2 and BC_2F_3 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the transgenes lDx5 and lAx1 were expressed and segregated in the target wheat according to Mendelian laws. A range of lDx5 expression levels were observed in the progenies of Chuan89-107×B72-8-11b and Emai 18×B72-8-11b, but the expression levels of lAx1 in progenies of Chuan89-107×B102-1-2 rarely changed. It suggested that the two foreign genes had different mechanisms of expression in the cross progeny, even though they were produced in the same way and the foreign lDx5 gene of 5-10 copies had the more complicated expression mechanism than the lAx1 gene of 4-5 copies.     

Biolistic transformation of wheat: increased production of plants with simple insertions and heritable transgene expression

The feasibility of map-based cloning in wheat has been demonstrated recently, opening new perspectives for a better understanding of wheat plant biology and for accelerating wheat improvement in the coming decades. To validate the function of candidate genes, an efficient transformation system is needed. Here, we have performed two methods for wheat transformation using particle bombardment that ensures the production of transgenic plants with simple integration patterns for research purposes and stable transgene expression for accurate and rapid validation of gene function. To establish this method, we used the bar and pmi selectable genes either as part of whole plasmids, gene cassettes (obtained by PCR or purified on agarose gels), or as dephosphorylated cassettes. The analysis of about 300 transgenic plants showed that the use of gene cassettes or dephosphorylated gene cassettes leads to a majority (50–60 %) of simple integration events. This is significantly higher than the number of simple events obtained with whole plasmids (9–25 %). Moreover, the decrease of the quantity of DNA from 500 to 5 ng/µl for PCR-amplified cassettes used for transformation increased the number of single integration events. The transformation efficiency remained stable at 2.5 %, and a higher number of plants expressing the transgenes were obtained with the dephosphorylated cassette. No correlation was observed between the complexity of the events and stability of expression of the transgene, suggesting that plasmid sequences could be involved on transgene silencing. The inheritability of the transgene was demonstrated in T1 and T2 generations. These results show that biolistic transformation of dephosphorylated gene cassettes provides an easy and efficient route to produce backbone vector-free transgenic wheat carrying and expressing intact and single transgenes.     

Linear transgene constructs lacking vector backbone sequences generate transgenic rice plants which accumulate higher levels of proteins conferring insect resistance

Biolistic transformation was used to introduce genes encoding the insecticidal proteins snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) and cry1Ac Bt toxin (-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis) into elite rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars. Plant transformation was carried out in parallel experiments simultaneously by using either whole plasmids containing suitable gene constructs, or the corresponding minimal gene cassettes, which were linear DNA fragments lacking vector sequences excised from the plasmids. Both transformation methods generated similar numbers of independent transformation events. Selected R₀ clonal plant lines were further characterised for presence and expression of transgenes. Co-transformation of the unselected genes (cry1Ac and gna) with the selectable marker (hpt) was at least as efficient for transformation with minimal gene cassettes as with whole plasmid DNA, and higher levels of accumulation of the insecticidal gene products GNA and cry1Ac were observed in plants resulting from minimal gene cassette transformation. Insect bioassays with major pests of rice showed that transgenic plants expressing gna showed enhanced resistance to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), and plants expressing cry1Ac were protected against attack by striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis). Expression of both transgenes gave protection against both pests, but did not increase protection against either pest significantly over the levels observed in plants containing a single insecticidal transgene.