党参多糖对双歧杆菌和大肠埃希菌体外生长的影响

目的探讨党参多糖体外对双歧杆菌和大肠埃希菌生长的影响。方法每隔12 h采用分光光度法测600 nm细菌培养液A值,气相色谱法测培养48 h后的双歧杆菌培养液中乙酸含量。结果党参多糖体外对大肠埃希菌没有促进或抑制生长的作用,对双歧杆菌有促进生长的作用,在中药作用下,双歧杆菌代谢的乙酸含量与其数量呈正相关关系。结论党参多糖能够通过促进双歧杆菌的生长,从而增加乙酸的代谢,增强双歧杆菌的定植抗力,对肠道一些致病菌发挥生物拮抗作用。     

阿胶,五味子,刺五加,枸杞对双歧杆菌生长的影响

本文选用１５种传统抗衰老中药对双歧杆菌进行了体外生长促进实验。结果发现刺五加、五味子、宁夏枸杞子及阿胶对婴儿双歧杆菌有明显的促进作用。     

几丁聚糖对双歧杆菌体外生长的影响

目的观察几丁聚糖对双歧杆菌是否有增菌作用。方法应用分光光度比色法分析几丁聚糖对双歧杆菌体外生长作用的影响,并与中药黄芪对该菌的作用进行比较。结果与对照组比较,几丁聚糖和黄芪浓度分别为2.5 mg/mL和62.5 mg/mL时,对双歧杆菌有明显的增殖作用（P〈0.05）。比较两种药物在该浓度时对双歧杆菌的生长作用,虽然黄芪的增殖作用高于几丁聚糖,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 2.5 mg/mL剂量的几丁聚糖体外能够促进双歧杆菌的生长。     

双歧杆菌及中药对小鼠血中抗氧化酶,T3,TSH和吞噬细胞功能的影响

本文用双歧杆菌、中药及复方双歧杆菌制剂饲喂ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠,发现中药及复方双歧杆菌制剂对老龄鼠血中ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ活性有明显增高作用,而对ＬＰＯ含量有明显减低作用,双歧杆菌及复方双歧杆菌能增强ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠内分泌功能及免疫功能,本试验中尚发现双歧杆菌与中药制成的复方双歧杆菌制剂能明显协同促进ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ及吞噬细胞功能。说明双歧杆菌与一些传统补益类中药具有协同抗衰老作用。     

海带对双歧杆菌促生长作用的研究

探讨海带对双歧杆菌生长的促进作用。选用海带以平板打洞法、试管法对青春双歧杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌进行了体外生长促进实验。结果发现,两种双歧杆菌在含有海带汁洞口周围,菌苔生长均较为茂盛;随着离洞口的距离渐近,菌苔逐渐增厚;随着海带汁浓度的增加,菌苔茂盛程度增加,活菌数亦增多;在海带培养基中,双歧杆菌增殖１２ 小时基本达到稳定期,与对照管比较,增殖速度快而稳定。结果表明海带对双歧杆菌增殖有稳定的促进作用。     

不同浓度的中药合剂对双歧杆菌增殖的影响

本实验测定了２１种不同浓度的中药合剂对双歧杆菌增殖的影响,结果显示：①其中１１种中药对双歧杆菌具有不同程度的促增殖作用。②某些药物对各个浓度虽均有一定的促双歧作用,但在其中某一个浓度下作用最强。③有些药物在不同浓度,对双歧杆菌增殖的影响截然不同,分别表现出促进、无影响或抑制。从此提示：在测试中药对细菌的作用时,应尽可能多选择几个浓度。     

中药91—4对抗生素相关性腹泻小鼠肠道膜菌群及腔菌群的影响

本实验以肠道菌检测与电镜观察法,初步研究了中药９１－４对抗生素相关性腹泻小鼠肠道菌群的影响。结果表明,盐酸林可霉素对小鼠肠道膜菌群、腔菌群干扰显著、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌及肠杆菌等比正常对照组明显减少,致小鼠腹泻或肠炎;中药９１－４能够促进肠道乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌等生长繁殖,对肠道膜菌群、腔菌群均具有调整作用,加速肠粘膜病变的愈合及修复,可有效地控制ＡＡＤ模型小鼠的腹泻症状。     

木棉花对乳酸菌生长及保存活力的影响

通过实验研究木棉花对与人类关系密切的植物乳杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌、嗜热链球菌的生长及保存活力的影响。结果表明:木棉花对植物乳杆菌和两歧双歧杆菌的生长及保存活力有较大促进作用,而且此促进作用随着木棉花浓度的增大而增大。木棉花对嗜热链球菌的生长和保存活力的促进作用很小。因此,可考虑将木棉花适当添加到含有植物乳杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌的食品中,用以促进菌体的生长及保存活力,还可考虑利用木棉花制微生态制剂。     

藻类中多糖对双歧杆菌的促生长作用

目的 探讨藻类中提取多糖对双歧杆菌的促生长作用。方法 以时间和多糖浓度为影响因素，了解不同藻类中多糖对双歧杆菌的促生长作用，对其量效关系进行分析。结果 温度在37℃，多糖浓度在0％～2％，双歧杆菌数随多糖浓度的增加而上升；多糖浓度继续升高，则反而下降。结论 不同藻类中多糖在一定浓度下能很好地促进双歧杆菌生长。     

中药91－4对抗生素相关性腹泻小鼠肠道膜菌群及腔菌群的影响

本实验以肠道菌群检测与电镜观察法,初步研究了中药９１－４对抗生素相关性腹泻（ＡＡＤ）小鼠肠道菌群的影响。结果表明,盐酸林可霉素对小鼠肠道膜菌群、腔菌群干扰显著,乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌及肠杆菌等比正常对照组明显减少,致小鼠腹泻或肠炎;中药９１－４能够促进肠道乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌等生长繁殖,对肠道膜菌群、腔菌群均具有调整作用,加速肠粘膜病变的愈合及修复,可有效地控制ＡＡＤ模型小鼠的腹泻症状。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism