On a Basic Assumption in the Line Transect Method

This paper deals with one of the basic assumptions made in estimating population density by the line transect sampling method. Theory has been developed in this paper for estimating, density using a gamma distribution. The results have been applied to data on ruffed grouse.     

In-vitro measurement of static pressure distribution in synovial joints--Part I: Tibial surface of the knee

In this first part of a two-part paper, the results of measurement of static pressure distribution on the tibial surface of the knee are presented. Results with intact menisci have been obtained from 18 specimens. Eight of these specimens were the subject of further measurements following medial meniscectomy. The study has been carried out at various flexion angles of the knee with the joint subjected to a compressive force, with or without an initial passive relative displacement between the joint members. The results indicate that a significant fraction of the joint compressive load is transmitted through the menisci and that total meniscectomy causes a drastic alteration in the pressure distribution on the tibial surface. Clinical implications of these results, in terms of post-meniscectomy degenerative changes and mechanism of meniscal lesions, have been discussed.     

Mycological and FTIR analysis of biotic foxing on paper substrates

The small rusty stains (foxing) frequently found on historic paper documents, books, and prints have generally been analysed in the past by optical microscope through their morphochromatic appearance under visible light and UV radiation. Despite increased research efforts with more sophisticated techniques (mainly SEM and XRF), the biotic or even chemical origin of these stains remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to verify to what extent a simple technique such as FTIR-ATR spectroscopy can be utilised for a clearer understanding of the controversial nature of foxing. Since this technique is sensitive to several organic chemical groups that are in common with both fungi and gelatine-sized ancient paper, some modern cardboards stained by biotic foxing have been selected for the analyses. The results clearly show the importance of FTIR and mycological analyses for the identification of residual microfungal agents, together with the by-products of their activity on paper substrates.     

Continuous production of citric acid in the reciprocating-jet-bioreactor

In a comprehensive study batch and continuous production of citric acid has been investigated. Fermentations in the reciprocation-jet-bioreactor (RJBR) have been carried out with the fungi Aspergillus niger.In the present paper only the results of continuous fermentations are presented. The paper discusses the influence of medium composition in the influent, input of biomass and frequency of reciprocating motion on citric acid production.     

A stereological method for estimating fish fecundity

This paper describes the application and evaluation of a stereological method for counting fish oocytes. The method has been applied to herring, Clupea harengus L., Dover sole, Solea solea L., and mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., and compared with existing volumetric and/or automated particle counter methods. The stereological method has been shown to given similar results and to have a number of distinct advantages over the other methods.     

Estimation of the Relative Sensitivity of qPCR Analysis Using Pooled Samples

The high sensitivity of qPCR makes it a desirable diagnostic method in epidemiological surveillance programs. However, due to high costs, the use of pooling has been suggested. In this paper, an algorithm based on the Montecarlo method has been designed and implemented. The algorithm had been tested in many different situations, and finally it was validated with a real dataset. Moreover, based on the results obtained and depending on pooling conditions, a drastic decrease of sensitivity is observed.     

An individual and dynamic Body Segment Inertial Parameter validation method using ground reaction forces

Over the last decades a variety of research has been conducted with the goal to improve the Body Segment Inertial Parameters (BSIP) estimations but to our knowledge a real validation has never been completely successful, because no ground truth is available. The aim of this paper is to propose a validation method for a BSIP identification method (IM) and to confirm the results by comparing them with recalculated contact forces using inverse dynamics to those obtained by a force plate. Furthermore, the results are compared with the recently proposed estimation method by Dumas et al. (2007). Additionally, the results are cross validated with a high velocity overarm throwing movement. Throughout conditions higher correlations, smaller metrics and smaller RMSE can be found for the proposed BSIP estimation (IM) which shows its advantage compared to recently proposed methods as of Dumas et al. (2007). The purpose of the paper is to validate an already proposed method and to show that this method can be of significant advantage compared to conventional methods.     

Possibilities for confirmatory analysis of some β-agonists using two different derivatives simultaneously

A previously described method for the confirmatory analysis of clenbuterol with chemical ionization GC-MS was extended to fit more β-agonists. The method has been used routinely for about one year and a large number of samples have been analysed according to the described procedure. This paper summarizes the results obtained with this method with regard to clenbuterol and furthermore discussion is focussed on applicability to β-agonists other than clenbuterol with respect to the European Community requirements for confirmatory analysis.     

A comparative study of physico-chemical characteristics of river and lake water in Central India

The present paper deals with a comparative study of the physico-chemical characteristics of river and lake waters in Central India. The surface water has been analysed for pH, turbidity, conductivity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen and chlorides. The results of analyses of river water have been compared with those from lake water.The study reveals that the lake water is highly turbid, rich in organic matter, contains more of chlorides and has a higher pH value as compared to river water.     

Modeling and analysis of gene expression time-series based on co-expression

In this paper a novel approach is introduced for modeling and clustering gene expression time-series. The radial basis function neural networks have been used to produce a generalized and smooth characterization of the expression time-series. A co-expression coefficient is defined to evaluate the similarities of the models based on their temporal shapes and the distribution of the time points. The profiles are grouped using a fuzzy clustering algorithm incorporated with the proposed co-expression coefficient metric. The results on artificial and real data are presented to illustrate the advantages of the metric and method in grouping temporal profiles. The proposed metric has also been compared with the commonly used correlation coefficient under the same procedures and the results show that the proposed method produces better biologically relevant clusters.     

A Modification of the Edgeworth Approximation in the AR (1) Model

This paper considers the sampling distribution problem of the least squares estimator for the parameter of some special autoregressive models. The Edgeworth approximation has been derived and a modification is proposed to improve its accuracy. Comparisons with the exact distribution and the so called Edgeworth-B approximation have been discussed. The results show that the proposed approximation performs more accurately than the Edgeworth-B approximation, especially, when models are close to the non-stationary boundary.     

蛋白质结构成对比较的新方法

介绍一种蛋白质三维结构的快速比较方法.此方法毋需初始联配,而能自动寻找和智能迭代.利用本程序对珠蛋白、丝氨酸蛋白酶、天冬氨酸蛋白酶、钙结合蛋白和溶菌酶作了系统的结构比较,取得了满意的结果.本文也讨论了衡量联配结果好坏的要素问题.     

Evidence that zeaxanthin is not the photoreceptor for phototropism in maize coleoptiles

The photoreceptor that mediates blue-light-induced phototropism in dark-grown seedlings of higher plants has not been identified, although the carotenoid zeaxanthin has recently been proposed as the putative chromophore. In the experiments described in this paper, we analyzed phototropism and a blue-light-induced protein phosphorylation that has been genetically and physiologically implicated in phototropism in wild-type maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings and compared the results with those from seedlings that are either carotenoid deficient through a genetic lesion or have been chemically treated to block carotenoid biosynthesis. The blue-light-dependent phototropism and phosphorylation responses of seedlings deficient in carotenoids are the same as those of seedlings containing normal levels of carotenoids. These results and those in the literature make it unlikely that zeaxanthin or any other carotenoid is the chromophore of the blue-light photoreceptor for phototropism or the blue-light-induced phosphorylation related to phototropism.     

Assessment of the biocontrol potential of a Trichoderma viride isolate: Part I: Establishment of field and fungal cellar trials

A field trial has been set up to assess the biological control potential of a Trichoderma viride isolate, T60. This isolate had been shown in previous laboratory tests to be particularly effective against certain basidiomycete decay fungi. Wood was treated with T60 spores using vacuum pressure impregnation in a pilot preservation plant. Treated stakes were planted in the field site along with CCA-treated and untreated control samples. Replicate samples were also set up in an accelerated decay facility employed to give a comparison to the field trial results. This paper describes the setting up and monitoring of the field and fungal cellar trials, and presents results of moisture monitoring and sapstain assessment which indicate that Trichoderma viride isolate T60 has a marked effect on the rate of sapstain development under certain conditions. The paper also discusses the efficacy of pressure impregnation of spore suspensions for use as biological control agents     

Conversion of the beckman liquid phase sequencer to a gas-liquid phase sequencer

As an effective aid to extend the microsequencing capabilities the Beckman protein/peptide sequenator Series 890C has been successfully converted to a gas-liquid system, in which coupling buffer 25% trimethylamine was employed as a gas, and heptafluorobutyric acid as a liquid. The system has been found to be efficient for microsequencing (less than 100 pmol). The details of mechanical, plumbing, and other minor changes are described in this paper along with the results of sequencing proteins and peptides, directly and from blots.     

三维微波热声成像系统及早期乳腺肿瘤检测研究

本文讨论了正常乳房组织与肿瘤组织的微波吸收差异,从理论上证明了利用微波热声成像技术检测乳腺肿瘤的可能性;建立了一套三维热声扫描系统,并利用此系统对模拟肿瘤和真实离体肿瘤进行成像实验。实验结果表明,三维微波热声成像系统能对乳腺肿瘤高分辨率高对比度成像,有希望应用于早期乳腺肿瘤检测。     

中国对拟除虫菊酯处理蚊帐的研究和应用(英语)

使用拟除虫菊酯浸泡蚊帐或喷洒在蚊帐上,是近年抗疟工作中媒介防治的重大进展.从八十年代起,我国在疟疾防治中就大规模采用这一方法,获得了良好的成效.本文对中国在这方面的实验室研究,实验小屋评价以及现场试验和实际应用,作一综合介绍.作者的结论是,拟除虫菊酯,特别是溴氰菊酯处理蚊帐是可行的蚊虫防治措施,在低度和中度疟疾流行区,可用以代替常规的DDT等杀虫剂室内滞留喷洒.     

Synchronization of two coupled pacemaker cells based on the phase response curve

In this paper, the synchronization of a pair of pacemaker cells as Sino-Atrial (SA) and Atrio-Ventricullar (AV) nodes have been studied and a new approach for synchronization, based on the concept of Phase Response Curve (PRC), has been proposed. The paper starts with presenting the necessary and sufficient conditions for synchronization in terms of the PRC parameters. Such conditions are time dependent and thus, the paper proceeds with deriving some sufficient conditions, which are not time dependent. The time-delay between the firing time of SA node and when it reaches the AV node is also considered. When the conditions for spontaneous synchronization are not valid, the synchronization is achieved by applying pulses to the AV or the SA nodes or to both of the nodes, depending on the accessibility. The subject has been investigated and sufficient conditions were achieved for all three cases. In each case, the dynamical equations of coupled pacemakers have been determined and the stability analyses of delay dynamical equations between discharges of two pacemakers were performed. The number of excitation pulses and the time intervals for applying them to accessible pacemaker(s) were obtained and eventually some numerical examples were simulated to approve the accuracy of the theoretical results and conditions.     

重离子辐射治疗进展

本文简略地回顾了重离子治疗的历史,更多的兴趣集中在重离子治癌的进展上。为了利用重离子的优越特性(例如：剂量局域性和高的生物效率),已经开发了几种技术。在临床试验中获得了令人鼓舞的治疗效果,广泛地提出了物理和辐射生物方面的临床结果和治疗技术,概要地分析了重离子治癌的前景。     

啤酒酵母的开发应用及其制代可可粉的研究

本文介绍了啤酒酵母营养的成分和医用价值,概述了国内外开发应用啤酒酵母的研究功态,研究了用啤酒酵母加工代可可粉的工艺路线和方法,同时回收了啤酒,测定了代可可粉的营养成分,并用之加工巧克力和可可饮料,结果表明,其效果与天然可可粉类同。