类球红细菌应用进展

类球红细菌(Rhodobacter Sphaeroides)属光合细菌,是目前研究最深入的光合微生物之一,具有多种代谢方式。不仅能够产生类胡萝卜素、辅酶Q10、超氧化物歧化酶、5-氨基乙酰丙酸和氢气,而且能够降解农药残留、有机废水和多环芳烃等有毒有害物质,应用领域十分广泛。本文综述了类球红细菌在食品、医药、农业、环境、氢气生产等领域中的应用进展,并对类球红细菌的应用前景进行展望。     

提高类球红细菌5-氨基乙酰丙酸产率的措施

5-氨基乙酰丙酸是四吡咯化合物生物合成的必需前体物,它作为一种无公害的绿色除草剂、杀虫剂、植物生长促进剂以及治疗癌症的药物而受到广泛的关注。文章综述了类球红细菌5-氨基乙酰丙酸的发酵生产现状以及提高其发酵产率的策略与措施。     

类球红细菌发酵生产类胡萝卜素条件优化

本文对类球红细菌3757产类胡萝卜素进行了发酵条件优化,结果得到了较优的培养基组成:葡萄糖2%,苹果酸钠0.5%,酵母浸粉1.3%,硫酸铵0.9%,磷酸氢二钾0.09%,磷酸二氢钾0.06%,生长因子溶液1%,p H 8.0;其中,生长因子溶液配方:维生素B1 0.1%,烟酰胺(VPP)0.1%,生物素0.0016%。较优培养条件为:接种量5%,转速200 r/min,种龄24 h,发酵温度32℃,发酵时间40 h。优化后类胡萝卜素产率较优化前提高了76.2%。     

类球红细菌SOD发酵条件优化

本文对类球红细菌3757产SOD进行了发酵条件优化,结果得到了较优的培养基组成(g/L):苹果酸3,胰蛋白胨4,磷酸氢二钾0.9,磷酸二氢钾O.6,硫酸镁0.2,无水氯化钙0.075,硫酸亚铁0.012,EDATA 0.02,微量元素溶液10 mL,生长因子溶液10 mL,pH 7.5。其中,微量元素溶液配方(g/L):硼酸2.8,硫酸锰1.6,钼酸钠0.76,硫酸锌0.24,硫酸铜0.04;生长因子溶液配方(g/L):维生素B_1 1,烟酰胺(VPP)1,生物素0.016,对氨基苯甲酸1。较优培养条件为:接种量5%,转速150 r/min,种龄24 h,发酵温度32℃,发酵时间24 h。优化后酶活力较优化前提高了88.0%。     

类球红细菌的免疫活性评价

目的 :评价类球红细菌的免疫活性。方法 :巨噬细胞吞噬试验、淋巴细胞转化试验、IL- 2的诱生和检测试验。结果 :类球红细菌 1号株具有调节和增强巨噬细胞吞噬功能 ,表现在免疫抑制组小鼠用光合细胞灌胃数周后 ,腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分率提高 6 1% ,吞噬指数提高 5 9% (P<0 .0 1)。在体外实验中 ,光合细菌三种不同抗原 (Ag1 、Ag2 、Ag3 )在一定程度上都有刺激脾淋巴细胞转化功能 ,特别是 Ag3 作用更为明显 ;在正常组 ,刺激指数提高了 6 5 % ;免疫抑制组 ,提高了 38% (P<0 .0 5 )。不管在正常组或免疫抑制组 ,Ag1 、Ag2 、Ag3 都具有诱生脾淋巴细胞产生 IL- 2的活性 ,其中 Ag2 的活性较明显 .结论 :类球红细菌 1号株对机体有一定的免疫活性。     

类球红细菌类胡萝卜素抗氧化活性研究

研究了研磨法、超声波法、酸溶辅助超声波法和菌体浓度对类球红细菌类胡萝卜素抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,不同提取方法和固液比条件下,类球红细菌类胡萝卜素均具有清除DPPH自由基能力、抗脂质过氧化能力和还原能力。酸溶辅助超声波法提取的类胡萝卜素产率最高、抗氧化活性最好。类球红细菌类胡萝卜素具有一定的抗氧化活性,其抗氧化活性随菌体浓度的增加而增加。     

含硒类球红细菌的研究

为了确定类球红细菌转硒培养的最佳条件 ,研究了无机硒的加入浓度、时间以及分批补料培养对菌体生长和转硒效率的影响。实验表明 ,无机硒的浓度低于 1× 10 -5mol/L时 ,对类球红细菌的生长基本没有影响 ,并能将6 3.9%的无机硒转化为有机硒。转硒的最佳时间是在接种后 12h左右 ,此时转硒效率最高。实验还表明 ,分批补料培养可以提高菌体浓度 ,可使转硒效率和绝对量增加。体内试验表明 ,用 5mL/kgbw和 10mL/kgbw剂量的含硒类球红细菌灌养小鼠 ,可以使其全血GSH Px酶活性提高 2 0 .9%和 2 5 .5 % ,使其血清丙二醛 (MDA)含量降低2 1.0 %和 2 3.2 %。     

类球红细菌XR12的分离、鉴定及其解毒效果研究

为丰富敌百虫污染治理的微生物资源, 从养殖污泥中分离筛选了一株优良的敌百虫耐受菌XR12, 综合生理生化特性与16S rRNA序列分析对其进行了鉴定, 采用纸片扩散法分析了其耐药性, 并进一步评价了其安全性与解毒效果。结果显示: 菌株XR12对敌百虫的最大耐受浓度达到了7680 mg/L。通过生理生化特性以及16S rRNA序列分析, 菌株XR12被鉴定为类球红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides), 其16S rRNA序列与GenBank中类球红细菌菌株的16S rRNA序列有98%—100%的同源性, 而且与类球红细菌菌株RSF1 (登录号: KF606891)的亲缘关系最近。此外, 菌株XR12对卡那霉素、罗红霉素、吡哌酸、阿莫西林、氟苯尼考、多黏菌素B、新霉素、庆大霉素、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、链霉素、四环素、奈替米星等抗生素高度敏感, 对多西环素中度敏感, 对杆菌肽、萘啶酸、磺胺异噁唑等抗生素耐药, 对斑马鱼的LC₅₀大于109 cfu/mL, 能够将敌百虫对斑马鱼的LC₅₀从26.06 mg/L增加至59.51 mg/L, 对敌百虫具有良好的解毒效果。研究证实了类球红细菌XR12的安全性及其对敌百虫良好的解毒效果, 对养殖水体中敌百虫的解毒具有潜在的应用价值。     

快速提取类球红细菌中辅酶Q10的方法研究

目的：建立一种从类球红细菌中快速分离纯化辅酶Q10的方法。方法：对影响超声提取辅酶Q10的各因素,包括提取试剂、超声频率、循环次数及工作时间的最佳条件进行正交试验,比较超声破碎法与碱醇皂化法提取辅酶Q10的差异。结果：在超声提取中,提取试剂和循环次数对辅酶Q10提取效果具有显著性影响;在超声频率0.5s、丙酮提取3min、循环3次的条件下提取的辅酶Q10的含量比碱醇皂化法提高了近6倍。结论：超声破碎法是一种简单、迅速、高效的提取辅酶Q10方法。     

酸溶辅助超声波法提取类球红细菌类胡萝卜素条件优化

通过单因素和正交试验,对类球红细菌3757产类胡萝卜素的提取条件进行了研究。先采用超声波法、酸溶法、研磨法、冻融法、酸溶辅助超声波法和冻融辅助超声波法优化了从类球红细菌3757菌株中提取类胡萝卜素的方法,然后开展了酸溶辅助超声波法的单因素和正交实验,最后进行了重复性实验。结果表明,酸溶辅助超声波法是较优的提取方法,丙酮是较好的提取溶剂。最佳提取条件为料液比110、超声波处理总时间20 min、酸浓度3 mol/L、酸溶时间25 min、超声波振幅40%、超声工作/间隔时间2 min/1 min、酸溶温度27℃,实验重现较好。优化后类胡萝卜素的提取率较优化前提高了74.8%,为其产业化创造了条件。     

球形红杆菌L2的生物学特性及其应用

从淀粉废水中分离获得一株光合细菌,经形态特征,培养特征,生理生化特征及Ｇ＋Ｃｍｏｌ％含量等生物学特性分析,确定为球形红杆菌（Ｒｈｏｄｏｂａｃｔｅｒｓｐｈａｅｒｏｉｄｅｓ）Ｌ２。该菌应用于淀粉废水处理,ＣＯＤ去除率达９５．７％发酵产类胡萝卜素,产量达２９５ｍｇ／Ｌ;作为饲料添加剂进行肉鸡饲喂,增重１６．４０％。     

Non-reciprocal regulation of Rhodobacter capsulatus and Rhodobacter sphaeroides recA genes expression

Abstract The Rhodobacter capsulatus recA gene has been isolated and sequenced. Its deduced amino acid sequence showed the closest identity with the Rhodobacter sphaeroides RecA protein (91% identity). However, the promoter regions of both R. capsulatus and R. sphaeroides recA genes are only 64% similar. An Escherichia coli -like LexA binding site was not present in the upstream region of the R. capsulatus recA gene. Nevertheless, the R. capsulatus recA gene is inducible by DNA damage in both hetero- and phototrophically growing conditions. The R. capsulatus recA gene is poorly induced when inserted into the chromosome of R. sphaeroides , indicating that the recA gene of both bacteria possess different control sequences despite their phylogenetically close relationship.     

Identification and characterization of a GroEL homologue in Rhodobacter sphaeroides

A protein closely related to the Escherichia coli GroEL protein has been isolated from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Native and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this protein have shown that it is present in the cell as a multimeric complex of Mr 670,000 which is composed of a monomer of Mr 58,000. Antisera raised against the Mr 58,000 polypeptide have been shown to cross-react with GroEL and the alpha subunit of the pea plastid chaperonin. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the Mr 58,000 polypeptide is identical to that of GroEL at 15 of 19 residues and is also closely related to the alpha subunit of the pea plastid chaperonin, though less so to the beta subunit.     

Light-dependent transformation of anthranilate to indole by Rhodobacter sphaeroides OU5

Rhodobacter sphaeroides OU5 transformed anthranilate (2 mM) to an indole (0.7 mM) in a light-dependent process. Photobiotransformation was enhanced by tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and the indole formed was identified as 2,3 dihydroxy indole. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 219–221. Received 16 September 1999/ Accepted in revised form 20 December 1999     

Chromate reduction by Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Rhodobacter sphaeroides grew in the presence of up to 43 μM chromate and reduced hexavalent chromium to the trivalent form under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Reduced chromium remained in the external medium. Reductase activity was present in cells of R. sphaeroides independent of whether chromate was present or not in the growth medium. The reducing activity was found in the cytoplasmic cell fraction and was dependent on NADH. The chromate-reducing enzyme was purified by anion exchange, hydroxyapatite and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and gel filtration. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 42 kDa as determined by gel filtration. The optimum of the reaction is at pH 7.0 and 30°C. The enzyme activity showed a hyperbolic dependence on the concentrations of both substrates, NADH and chromate, with a maximum velocity at 0.15 mM NADH. A K _m of 15±1.3 μM CrO₄ ²⁻ and a V _max of 420±50 μmol min⁻¹ mg protein⁻¹ was determined for the enzyme isolated from anaerobically grown cells and 29±6.4 μM CrO₄ ²⁻ and 100±9.6 μmol CrO₄ ²⁻ min⁻¹ mg protein⁻¹ for the one from aerobically grown ones. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 198–203. Received 05 January 2000/ Accepted in revised form 27 May 2000     

浑球红假单胞菌（Rhodobacter sphaeroides）谷氨酸合酶的纯化及性质

浑球红假单胞菌菌株601经超声击碎,粗提液通过Triton处理,硫酸铵沉淀,DE—52和DEAE—sephadex A—50柱层析及 Seqhadex G—200凝胶过滤等步骤,将谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)分离纯化,在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上呈现一条带。GOGAT表观分子量约为138 kD。该酶最大光吸收在278,375,450 nm和475 nm处,表明GOGAT可能是一种黄素蛋白。纯化的GOGAT对其底物 Gln,α—酮戊二酸和NADPH的表观K_m值分别为830,150和6μmol/L。反应产物Gln和NADP,几种氨基酸对GOGAT活力有不同程度的抑制作用,Gln类似物DON对GOGAT活力有强烈的抑制作用。     

Inverted behavioural responses in wild-type Rhodobacter sphaeroides to temporal stimuli

Both aerobically and photosynthetically grown wild-type Rhodobacter sphaeroides swarmed through soft nutrient agar. However, individual aerobically and photosynthetically grown tethered cells showed different responses to steps in concentrations of some attractants. Photosynthetically grown cells showed little response to a step-up in attractant, but large response to a step-down. Aerobically grown cells showed a large but opposite response to a step-up of chemoeffectors such as succinate and aspartate. The responses in che operon deletion mutants were also investigated and indicated that the aerobic response may depend on the protein products of che operon 1.