Three new species ofPenicillium isolated from soil

Three new species ofPenicillium Linkex Gray nom. cons. prop. are described and illustrated. These species have been recovered from samples of sandy soil under pine trees. They differ from all species of theGenus described so far and are, therefore, considered and proposed as new taxa:Penicillium rubefaciens sp. nov.,Penicillium vaccaeorum sp. nov. andPenicillium michaelis sp. nov.     

Three new species ofPenicillium isolated from soil

Three new species ofPenicillium Linkex Gray nom. cons. prop. are described and illustrated. These species have been recovered from samples of sandy soil under pine trees. They differ from all species of theGenus described so far and are, therefore, considered and proposed as new taxa:Penicillium rubefaciens sp. nov.,Penicillium vaccaeorum sp. nov. andPenicillium michaelis sp. nov.     

Two new species of Neosartorya isolated from soil in Xinjiang, China

Two new species, Neosartorya shendaweii and N. tsunodae, isolated from soil in Xinjing, China and in Pernambuco, Brazil, are described and illustrated. The first species is characterized by its ascospores with two widely separated equatorial crests and tuberculate to verrucose convex surfaces. This species has affinities with several known species of the genus, bearing ascospores with a similar ornamentation, but can be distinguished from these species by other morphological characteristics such as smaller cleistothecia and conidiophores, spathulate vesicles and rather ellipsoidal conidia. The second species is characterized by its unique ascospores with two low equatorial crests, an evident furrow as a deep depression, and finely reticulate convex surfaces. The validation of these new species is supported further by analyses of the β-tubulin, calmodulin and actin gene sequences.     

A new Barnettozyma species forming hat-shaped ascospores isolated from soil in Japan

In the course of a study on yeast diversity in Japan, we isolated 331 yeast strains from natural substrates in Rishiri Island, which belongs to the subarctic zone. Among the isolates from soil, two strains produced hat-shaped ascorspores and showed that reproduction occurred by conjugation of a larger cell and a smaller one. We surveyed strains preserved in our culture collection, NBRC, and found one Barnettozyma strain; thus we examined these three strains. A phylogenetic tree based on the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA (D1/D2) shows that these strains are included in the Barnettozyma clade, but clearly separated from the known Barnettozyma and Candida species within the clade. This group is distinguishable from B. vustinii by the ability to assimilate sucrose and maltose, and from B. populi by the ability to ferment glucose and to assimilate L-sorbose, sucrose, maltose, α-methyl-D-glucoside, and salicin. We propose that the group represent a new species, B. sucrosica sp. nov. (NBRC 105021(T)=CBS 11512(T), Mycobank no. MB515733).     

Phylogenetics of an antibiotic producing Streptomyces strain isolated from soil

Traditional methods of species classification and identification of the organism are based on morphological, physiological, biochemical, developmental and nutritional characteristics. Accurate assignment of taxonomic status to the new biologically active microbial isolates through existing bioinformatics methods is now very essential and also helpful in chemical characterization of the active molecule produced by microorganisms. The bacterial strain M4 (ckm7) was isolated from the pre-treated soil sample collected from the agricultural field of Eastern Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India and was found to be producing antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics. Taxonomic identification of the isolate belongs to the genus Streptomyces which was done with the help of sequence analysis and later confirmed by biological activity. Sequence comparison study of ckm7 showed 98% identical similarity with 16S rRNA gene sequences of Streptomyces spinichromogenes, Streptomyces triostinicus and Streptomyces capoamus. On the basis of both biological activity and phylogenetic analysis of ckm7, it was concluded that the isolated strain is a new variant of S. triostinicus.     

Streptomyces boncukensis sp. nov., isolated from saltern soil

Archives of Microbiology - A novel Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile Actinobacterium, designated strain SB3404T, was isolated from saltern soil collected from Boncuk Saltern,...     

Debaryomyces cantarellii nova species,a new yeast isolated from a Finnish soil

Summary A new species of Debaryomyces is described. It was isolated from Finish soil. This species is named Debaryomyces cantarellii in honor of Prof. Corrado Cantarelli of Agricultural University of Perugia-Italy.     

A new species ofConiochaetidium from soil

A new species ofConiochaetidium isolated from soil of Iraq is described. The speciesC. nuciforme differs fromC. savoryi in the shape and size of the ascospores. A key to differentiate the accepted species of the genus is reported.     

A new species of Lichtheimia (Mucoromycotina,Mucorales) isolated from Brazilian soil

During studies on Mucorales in semiarid and littoral dune areas in the northeast of Brazil, two cultures of an Absidia-like species were isolated from soil. They were characterized based on morphological, physiological and molecular data (5.8S and LSU rDNA sequences). The phylogenetic analyses of the isolates revealed that they belong to the Lichtheimiaceae and are closely related to species of Lichtheimia. The two isolates produced simple or branched, erect and circinate sporophores, occasionally with a septum under the sporangia, characteristics also common in Lichtheimia species. However, different from the described Lichtheimia species, the columellae of our isolates were mainly short hemispherical, never spatulate or elliptical and without projections. Sometimes, a long conical or bell shaped apophysis was found. Both isolates grew better at 30–35 °C, with no development at 42 °C, and giant cells were not observed. Based on the evidence of the analyzed datasets a new species of Lichtheimia is proposed.     

A new species ofScopulariopsis from soil

A new species ofScopularoipsis described from soil is characterized by the conidiophores, branches, and sporogenous cells being distinctly swollen. The conidia have a well-marked germ slit running more or less longitudinally down the spore. TheScopulariopsis state ofMicroascus doguetii is re-examined and evidence is presented which indicates that the striations on the walls of the spores are germ slits.     

Volatiles released by a Streptomyces species isolated from the North Sea

The North Sea Streptomyces strain GWS-BW-H5 was investigated by analyzing headspace extracts of agar-plate cultures (HE) or liquid cultures (LCE), obtained with a closed-loop stripping apparatus (CLSA), by GC/MS (Table 1). The volatile profile of the HE is dominated by the known volatiles (-)-geosmin (4) and 2-methyisoborneol (1). Small amounts of sesquiterpenes occur, which are present in a more-diverse structural variety and in higher quantities in the LCE. The different structures can be rationalized by few cationic intermediates along their biosynthetic pathway. The most-prominent difference between the two culture methods were the presence of the Me-branched gamma- and delta-lactones 31-38, not previously reported from nature, in the LCE. Major components were 10-methyldodecan-5-olide (34), 10-methyldodec-2-en-4-olide (36), and 10-methyldodec-3-en-4-olide (38). The structures of all new lactones were verified by synthesis. Furthermore, more volatiles in higher amounts were produced by the liquid culture than by to the agar plate culture. Since 36 showed inhibitory growth effects against strain GWS-BW-H5, growth inhibition against twelve other strains isolated from the same habitat was tested. Antagonistic activity against four of the strains was observed, with a slightly higher threshold level than found for penicillin G, which was used in control experiments (Table 2).     

Three new species of Chaetomium from soil

Chaetomium macrostiolatum sp. nov., Chaetomium olivicolor sp. nov. and Chaetomium tarraconensis sp. nov. isolated from Nigerian, Indian, and Spanish soils respectively, are described and illustrated. The first species is characterized by ascomata with a very broad ostiole and yellow hairs, and limoniform ascospores; the second by its thermotolerant growth, inconspicuous and short straight ascomatal hairs and fusiform ascospores; and the last by its unusual, irregularly-shaped ascospores and subglobose ascomata with flexuous to undulate, unbranched ascomatal hairs.