高纯度α_1-抗胰蛋白酶的提取、抗血清的制备及其火箭免疫电泳测定

α_1-抗胰蛋白酶(α_1-AT)是肝细胞分泌的一种糖蛋白,是血浆蛋白电泳α_1球蛋白的主要成份。它能抑制多种蛋白酶,如胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶、纤维蛋白溶酶等的活性。α_1-AT在血浆中含量较高,在组织中广泛存在,对维持机体正常生理功能,防止组织过度破坏起重要作用。本文报道经我们改良的高纯度α_1-AT提取方法、抗血清的制备及其火箭免疫电泳定量测量方法。一、材料与方法 1、α_1-AT、蛋白质测定方法α_1-AT按Eriksson法测定胰蛋白酶抑制容量(TIC)。结晶胰蛋白酶为Sigma产品,胰蛋白酶的特异性     

高纯度α_1-抗胰蛋白酶的提取、抗血清的制备及其火箭免疫电泳测定

α_1-抗胰蛋白酶(a_1-AT)是肝细胞分泌的一种糖蛋白,是血浆蛋白电泳α_1球蛋白的主要成份。它能抑制多种蛋白酶,如胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶、纤维蛋白溶酶等的活性。     

猪血浆α1-抗胰蛋白酶的分离纯化

α_1-抗胰蛋白酶(α_1-Antitrypsin,简称α_1-AT)是由肝细胞分泌的一种糖蛋白,是存在于动物血液中的一种重要的蛋白酶抑制剂,它能抑制多种丝氨酸类蛋白水解酶,占血浆胰蛋白酶抑制总活力的90％以上。α_1-AT通过调节蛋白水解酶的活性而参与机体的一系列生理活动,如血液凝固、纤维蛋白溶解、组织激肽释放、细胞融合、大分子装配和免疫反应等过程,对防止组织过度损伤有重要作用。目前国际上对人的α_1-AT研究较多,而对猪α_1-AT的研究甚少,仅见     

α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors in rat corpus striatum

Rat corpus striatum contained α₂-adrenergic receptor which were labelled with [³H]clonidine (95 ± 6 fmol/mg protein). The affinity of these receptors (K_d = 1.3 to 3.6 nM) was similar to that found in cerebral cortex. Five days after kainic lesions, the number of α₂-adrenergic receptors had dropped by half, suggesting that their location might be neuronal. One month after lesions, the number of α₂-adrenergic receptors had risen to that of the controls and was higher after two months. This increase would suggest a glial localization of the α₂-adrenergic receptor. We have previously described the presence of α₂-adrenergic receptors in primary astrocyte cultures (Ebersolt et al., 1981). Rat corpus striatum contained less α₁-adrenergic receptors than α₂-adrenergic receptors. They were labelled with [³H]prazosin (28 ± 1.9 fmol/mg protein) and were only slightly altered 5 days after kainic acid lesions (?20%). In addition to these classical α₁-adrenergic receptors, rat corpus striatum also contained [³H]WB4101 binding sites having high affinity for WB4101 (2–5 nM) and norepinephrine (1 μM) but a very low affinity for prazosin (4.4 μM). The exact nature of these sites remains unknown.     

简便快速纯化人血清α1-酸性糖蛋白的方法

本文采用(NH₄)₂SO₄和CCl₃COOH沉淀,及Cibacron blue F3G-A-SephadexG-100凝胶柱层析,经二步提纯了人血清α₁-酸性糖蛋白。PAGE鉴定,在阳极端仅显示一条蛋白带。Schiff氏试剂染色阳性,证实为糖蛋白。SDS-PAGE测得其分子量为45000。免疫电泳结果表明,纯化的α₁-酸性糖蛋白与兔抗人全血清及免抗人α₁-酸性糖蛋白均呈现单一沉淀弧。氨基酸组成测定亦与文献报告的结果基本一致。本方法简便、省时。     

β2-微球蛋白放射免疫测定的质量控制

放射免疫分析法(RIA)在临床检验中占有重要地位,目前人们越来越重视RIA结果的准确性和可靠性。本文以β₂mG为例阐述建立RIA质量控制方法和制定质量控制指标。采用自制质控血清和国产微机放免仪的数据处理程序,均能满足WHO对质控的要求。     

In brown adipocytes,adrenergically induced β1-/β3-(Gs)-, α2-(Gi)- and α1-(Gq)-signalling to Erk1/2 activation is not mediated via EGF receptor transactivation

Brown adipose tissue is unusual in that the neurotransmitter norepinephrine influences cell destiny in ways generally associated with effects of classical growth factors: regulation of cell proliferation, of apoptosis, and progression of differentiation. The norepinephrine effects are mediated through G-protein-coupled receptors; further mediation of such stimulation to e.g. Erk1/2 activation is in cell biology in general accepted to occur through transactivation of the EGF receptor (by external or internal pathways). We have examined here the significance of such transactivation in brown adipocytes. Stimulation of mature brown adipocytes with cirazoline (α₁-adrenoceptor coupled via G_q), clonidine (α₂ via G_i) or CL316243 (β₃ via G_s) or via β₁-receptors significantly activated Erk1/2. Pretreatment with the EGF receptor kinase inhibitor AG1478 had, remarkably, no significant effect on Erk1/2 activation induced by any of these adrenergic agonists (although it fully abolished EGF-induced Erk1/2 activation), demonstrating absence of EGF receptor-mediated transactivation. Results with brown preadipocytes (cells in more proliferative states) were not qualitatively different. Joint stimulation of all adrenoceptors with norepinephrine did not result in synergism on Erk1/2 activation. AG1478 action on EGF-stimulated Erk1/2 phosphorylation showed a sharp concentration–response relationship (IC₅₀ 0.3 µM); a minor apparent effect of AG1478 on norepinephrine-stimulated Erk1/2 phosphorylation showed nonspecific kinetics, implying caution in interpretation of partial effects of AG1478 as reported in other systems. Transactivation of the EGF receptor is clearly not a universal prerequisite for coupling of G-protein coupled receptors to Erk1/2 signalling cascades.     

激动剂引起的α1-肾上腺素受体下调及其部分机制

用仓鼠全长α_1B - 肾上腺素受体 (α_1B -AR)cDNA转染人胚胎肾细胞(HEK2 93)得到高效稳定表达α_1B - AR的细胞系 ,在此细胞上观察去甲肾上腺素 (NE)持续刺激该细胞对α_1B -AR表达的影响 .用放射配基结合分析测定受体数量 ,用RNA酶保护分析测定mRNA水平 .结果显示细胞与 1 0 μmol/LNE温育 2～ 2 4h时 ,α_1B -ARmRNA水平与对照组相比显著下降 . 4h时下降到最低点 ,约下降了70 % .温育 2 4h时 ,α_1B - AR数与对照组相比约下降了 6 6 % .用 0 .1 μmol/LCalphostinC预处理细胞 30min后再加NE 4h并未引起α_1B - ARmRNA水平下降 ,而 1 μmol/L佛波酯刺激细胞时也能产生与NE所引起的相似结果 .核失控转录分析显示 1 0 μmol/LNE处理细胞 4h后α_1B -AR的转录速度与对照组相比并无显著差异 .在用放射菌素D阻断新的RNA合成的条件下 ,NE并不能加速α_1B - AR的mRNA降解 .上述结果表明NE引起α_1B -AR下调的同时伴有其mRNA水平下降 ,这种作用是通过激活蛋白激酶C途径实现的 .NE并不改变α_1B -AR基因的转录速度 ,也不直接加速其mRNA降解 ,但可能通过诱导某些RNA及其相应蛋白质的合成而间接降低α_1B - ARmRNA的稳定性 .     

分别阻断β1-和β2-AR对小鼠胰岛素低血糖休克的影响

分别阻断小鼠β     

α1-肾上腺素受体介导交感神经对机体调节及针灸效应的研究情况分析

为明确近30年α_1-AR(a1-Adrenoceptor)介导交感神经对机体生理病理变化及针灸效应的研究情况,本文查阅CNKI数据库及Pubmed数据库,对近30年关于α_1-AR介导的交感神经对机体生理病理影响及针灸效应的研究情况进行系统回顾。发现α_1-AR不但介导交感神经对心脏的变力变时效应,以及血管平滑肌、膀胱括约肌和子宫平滑肌的收缩等生理效应的调节,还介导了心律失常、心肌肥大等病理过程,此外,α_1-AR还介导了针刺信号的传导,而且针刺还可以调节交感神经张力。说明机体的许多生理病理改变与α_1-AR及亚型的变化有密切关系,因此,深入研究α_1-AR将有助于阐释机体的生理病理机制,也为有效药物提供理论依据和相应的药理模型;对经脉穴位上α_1-AR的深入研究,有助于经络实质的探讨及针刺效应物质基础研究。     

人骨骼肌α辅肌动蛋白（α—actinin）的提取及其抗血清的制备和鉴定

本文提取人骨骼肌α辅肌动蛋白（α－ａｃｔｉｎｉｎ）是综合了文献报导有关提取兔肌α－ａｃｔｉｎｉｎ的和提取鸡胗α－ａｃｔｉｎｉｎ的方法,稍加修改而确定的。用Ｈａｓｓｅｌｂａｃｈ－Ｓｃｈｎｅｉｄｅｒ缓解液提取骨骼肌中的肌球蛋白后,将残余物经硼酸－缓冲液提取、匀浆及高速离心去掉肌动蛋白和肌原纤维的其它成份,上清加硫酸铵至３０％,３５％饱合度所得的沉淀用２２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｔｒｉｓ－乙酸溶解、透析、离心后     

人骨骼肌α辅肌动蛋白（α－actinin）的提取及其抗血清的制备和鉴定

本文提取人骨骼肌α辅肌动蛋白（α－ａｃｔｉｎｉｎ）是综合了文献报导有关提取兔肌α－ａｃｔｉｎｉｎ的和提取鸡胗α－ａｃｔｉｎｉｎ的方法,稍加修改而确定的。用Ｈａｓｓｅｌｂａｃｈ－Ｓｃｈｎｅｉｄｅｒ缓冲液提取骨骼肌中的肌球蛋白后,将残余物经硼酸－缓冲液提取、匀浆及高速离心去掉肌动蛋白和肌原纤维的其它成份,上清加硫酸铵至３０％,３５％饱合度所得的沉淀用２２０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＴｒｉｓ－乙酸溶解、透析、离心后经ＤＥ－５２柱层析可得电泳纯。α－ａｃｔｉｎｉｎ。将人骨骼肌α－ａｃｔｉｎｉｎ纯化制品免疫了三只大耳白纯种家兔,两个多月后,三只兔子都产生免抗人骨骼肌α－ａｃｔｉｎｉｎ的特异抗血清,用双向免疫扩散法和酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）测定,产生的抗体效价较高,用双扩散法测定效价为１：３２,用ＥＬＩＳＡ测定,用比率法判断结果,效价最高者为１：１００,０００左右,经免疫电镜观察结果证实,上述抗血清可以满足进一步实验要求。     

制备高纯度、高产率总RNA的简易方法1)

异硫氰酸呱和氯化物为最有效的蛋白质变 性剂w10 Cox首先用肌盐氯化物提取RNA['10 Chirgwin用强变性齐U和异硫氰酸呱从富含RNuse 的组织细饱中提取完整RNA [410 Han等 人证明异硫氰酸肌在低温下提取RNA是有效 的，并省去了超速离心['1o Feramisco提出了结 合呱盐与热酚来分离RNA的方法［[61。本文报 道的是一种新的、快速有效的、结合了异硫氰酸 狐、氯仿和酚提取RNA 的方法。它不同于 Feramisc。的肌剖：热酚法的地方是采用了一次 性抽捉，在4小时内制备出高纯度、高产率而未 降解的RNA，由于省略了肌盐一Cscl超速离心 步骤，此方法既适合于从大样本（30g）组织也 适合从微量样本（3mg组织或106个细胞）中分 离RNA     

人β2-微球蛋白基因克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

β₂-微球蛋白(β₂m)是主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)Ⅰ类分子的轻链部分, 为制备MHC-Ⅰ类分子四聚体的必要成分。 根据已报道的序列设计特异引物, 利用RT-PCR方法从人白细胞中克隆了β₂m基因, 并构建了成熟β₂m的原核表达载体, 在大肠杆菌中得到高效表达。 表达的β₂m大部分在包涵体中,经洗涤、变性和复性,并以强阴离子交换柱层析纯化,获得SDS-PAGE纯的人重组β₂m,Western印迹法分析表明该蛋白具有与抗人天然β₂m抗体反应的特性。此工作为制备MHC-Ⅰ类分子四聚体奠定基础。     

大鼠骨骼肌多催化功能蛋白酶的提取、鉴定及其抗血清的制备

为了研究多催化功能蛋白酶（ｍｕｌｔｉｃａｔａｌｙｔｉｃａｌｐｒｏｔｅｉｎａｓｅ,ＭＣＰ）在负氮平衡形成中的作用,以大鼠骨骼肌为原料,提取此酶并制备其抗血清．将大鼠骨骼肌粗提物经４５％～６５％饱和度硫酸铵分级盐析、阴离子交换层析和凝胶过滤,最后从Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ层析柱上获得单一活性洗脱峰．酶活性用Ｃａｒｂｏｂｅｎｚｏｘｙ－Ｖａｌ－Ｇｌｙ－Ａｒｇ－４－ｎｉｔｒｉｎｉｌｉｄｅａｃｅｔａｔｅ作底物检测．非变性ＰＡＧＥ银盐染色显示单一区带的骨骼肌多催化功能蛋白酶,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ银盐染色显示１０条亚基电泳区带,分子量在２５～３２ｋＤ之间．纯化的酶免疫兔８周后,抗血清效价达１３２,用分级盐析和离子交换层析纯化抗血清,显示单一电泳区带的ＩｇＧ．Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ分析显示只在２５～３２ｋＤ之间出现多条亚基区带．这些结果提示已获得电泳纯ＭＣＰ及其较高特异性的多克隆抗体．     

α1-Adrenergic signaling mechanisms in contraction of resistance arteries

Our goal in this review is to provide a comprehensive, integrated view of the numerous signaling pathways that are activated by ₁-adrenoceptors and control actin-myosin interactions (i.e., crossbridge cycling and force generation) in mammalian arterial smooth muscle. These signaling pathways may be categorized broadly as leading either to thick (myosin) filament regulation or to thin (actin) filament regulation. Thick filament regulation encompasses both "Ca²⁺ activation" and "Ca²⁺-sensitization" as it involves both activation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) by Ca²⁺-calmodulin and regulation of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) activity. With respect to Ca²⁺ activation, adrenergically induced Ca²⁺ transients in individual smooth muscle cells of intact arteries are now being shown by high resolution imaging to be sarcoplasmic reticulum-dependent asynchronous propagating Ca²⁺ waves. These waves differ from the spatially uniform increases in [Ca²⁺] previously assumed. Similarly, imaging during adrenergic activation has revealed the dynamic translocation, to membranes and other subcellular sites, of protein kinases (e.g., Ca²⁺-activated protein kinases, PKCs) that are involved in regulation of MLCP and thus in "Ca²⁺ sensitization" of contraction. Thin filament regulation includes the possible disinhibition of actin-myosin interactions by phosphorylation of CaD, possibly by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases that are also translocated during adrenergic activation. An hypothesis for the mechanisms of adrenergic activation of small arteries is advanced. This involves asynchronous Ca²⁺ waves in individual SMC, synchronous Ca²⁺ oscillations (at high levels of adrenergic activation), Ca²⁺ sparks, "Ca²⁺-sensitization" by PKC and Rho-associated kinase (ROK), and thin filament mechanisms.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.Abbreviations 2-APB 2-Aminoethoxydiphenylborate - ABS-1 Actin binding sequence no. 1 - BK Large conductance potassium channel - CaD Caldesmon - CaM Calmodulin - CaMKinase II Calmodulin kinase II - CaP Calponin - CICR Ca²⁺-induced Ca²⁺ release - CPA Cyclopiazonic acid - CPI-17 Protein kinase C-potentiated 17 kDa inhibitor protein - 2,4-DCB 2,4-Dichlorobenzamil - DAG Diacylglycerol - DHP Dihydropyridine - DOG 1,2-Dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol - ERK Extracellular-regulated kinase - FDS Frequent discharge sites - FRAP Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching - FRET Fluorescence resonance energy transfer - GEF Guanine nucleotide exchange factor - GS17C Fluorophore peptide antagonist of caldesmon - HA-1077 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)homopiperazine, Di-HCl Salt - IICR InsP_3-induced Ca²⁺ release - ILK Integrin-linked kinase - InsP₃R 1,4,5-Trisphosphate receptor - IVC Inferior vena cava - jCaTs Junctional calcium transients - LC20 20,000 Da light chain of smooth muscle myosin - M20 Small noncatalytic subunit of myosin phosphatase - M130 Large noncatalytic subunit of myosin phosphatase - MAP kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase - MEK MAPK kinase - ML-9 1-(5-Chloronaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride - MLCK Myosin light chain kinase - MLCP Myosin light chain phosphatase - MLC₂₀ Myosin light chain 20 - MP Myosin phosphatase - MYPT1 Targeting subunit of myosin phosphatase - NCX Na/Ca exchanger - NE Norepinephrine - p160ROCK A rho kinase - PAK P21-activated kinase - PE Phenylephrine - PGF2 Prostaglandin factor 2 - PKC Protein kinase C - PKC- Protein kinase C- - PKN Rho effector, protein kinase C-related kinase - PL Plasmalemma - PLC Phospholipase C - PL-jSR Plasmalemma-junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum - PMA Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate - PP1c Catalytic subunit of myosin phosphatase - PSF Point spread function - PMCA Plasmalemma Ca²⁺ pumping ATPase - PM-SR Plasma membrane-sarcoplasmic reticulum - ROK Rho-associated kinase - RYR Ryanodine receptor - SBB Superficial buffer barrier - SERCA Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ ATPase - Ser/Thr Serine/threonine - SMC Smooth muscle cell - SMPP-1M Smooth muscle phosphatase-1M - SOC Store-operated channels - SR Sarcoplasmic reticulum - STOCs Spontaneous transient outward currents - TnI Inhibitory subunit troponin I - TPEN N,N,NN-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine - Tyr Tyrosine - UTP Uridine 5-triphosphate - VSMC Vascular smooth muscle cells - ZIP kinase Zipper interacting protein kinase The French version of this article is available in the form of electronic supplementary material and can be obtained by using the Springer Link server located at     

刀豆球蛋白A亲和双向免疫电泳对人体α_1-抗胰蛋白酶分子变异体的研究

α_1-抗胰蛋白酶(AAT)是一种低分子量的血清糖蛋白,属于丝氨酸蛋白酶类的蛋白酶抑制剂。由于某些AAT遗传的分子变异体与肺退行性疾病、肝硬化、肝癌及其它炎症性疾病有关,因而受到人们的重视。现已发现AAT含有40多个等位基因,因而所表达的基因产物往往是抗原性一致而分子构型不同的各种蛋白质分子。Fagerhol等曾用酸性淀粉凝胶电