冠心病患者血清成纤维细胞生长因子23、碱性磷酸酶及胎球蛋白A水平与冠状动脉钙化的关系及其预测价值分析

摘要 目的：分析冠心病（CHD）患者血清成纤维细胞生长因子23（FGF23）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、胎球蛋白A（FA）水平与冠状动脉钙化（CAC）的关系并探讨其对CAC的预测价值。方法：选取2021年2月～2022年2月本院收治的165例CHD患者,根据是否伴有CAC分为CAC组（n=73）和非CAC组（n=92）。收集患者临床资料,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清FGF23、ALP、FA水平。通过多因素Logistic回归分析CHD患者CAC的影响因素,绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清FGF23、ALP、FA水平对CHD患者CAC的预测价值。结果：CAC组血清FGF23、ALP水平高于非CAC组,血清FA水平低于非CAC组（均P＜0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄（较大）（OR=1.220,95％CI：1.087～1.369）、高血压病（OR=1.461,95％CI：1.062～2.010）、血钙（较高）（OR=1.532,95％CI：1.042～2.251）、血磷（较高）（OR=1.209,95％CI：1.097～1.333）、FGF23（较高）（OR=1.012,95％CI：1.007～1.018）、ALP（较高）（OR=1.046,95％CI：1.023～1.070）为CHD患者CAC的独立危险因素,FA（较高）（OR=0.827,95％CI：0.750～0.912）为独立保护因素（均P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清FGF23、ALP、FA单独与联合预测CHD患者CAC的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.790、0.773、0.786、0.915,联合预测CHD患者CAC的AUC大于各指标单独预测。结论：血清FGF23、ALP水平升高和FA水平降低与CHD患者发生CAC密切相关,可作为CHD患者发生CAC的辅助预测指标,且三个指标联合预测CHD患者CAC发生风险的价值较高。     

重症监护室患者压力性损伤的危险因素及Braden评分和经皮氧分压的预测价值分析

摘要 目的：分析重症监护室（ICU）患者压力性损伤（PI）的危险因素并探讨Braden评分和经皮氧分压（TcPO₂）对其的预测价值。方法：选取2019年12月～2021年12月我院ICU 45例发生PI患者为PI组,另选取ICU 45例未发生PI患者为非PI组,收集患者基线资料、Braden评分及TcPO₂。比较两组患者基线资料和Braden评分、TcPO₂,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析ICU患者发生PI的危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析Braden评分与TcPO₂对ICU患者PI发生风险的预测价值。结果：PI组年龄大于非PI组,机械通气比例和体温高于非PI组,住院时间长于非PI组,血清白蛋白、Braden评分、TcPO₂低于非PI组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄增长（OR=1.100,95％CI：1.003～1.206）、体温上升（OR＝1.217,95％CI：1.014～1.460）、住院时间延长（OR=1.240,95％CI：1.049～1.467）、Braden评分下降（OR=1.950,95％CI：1.312～2.898）、TcPO₂下降（OR=1.128,95％CI：1.053～1.209）为ICU患者发生PI的危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,Braden评分和TcPO₂单独与联合预测ICU患者PI发生风险的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.785、0.794、0.898,Braden评分联合TcPO₂预测ICU患者PI发生风险的AUC大于二者单独预测。结论：年龄增长、体温上升、住院时间延长、Braden评分下降、TcPO₂下降是ICU患者发生PI的危险因素,Braden评分、TcPO₂对ICU患者PI发生风险具有一定的预测价值,二者联合效能更佳。     

术前预后营养指数和血清转铁蛋白与老年髋部骨折患者术后切口愈合的关系及其预测价值分析

摘要 目的：研究术前预后营养指数（PNI）和血清转铁蛋白（TRF）与老年髋部骨折（HF）患者术后切口愈合不良（PWH）的关系及其预测价值。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年3月南京市中医院收治的252例接受手术治疗老年HF患者,根据术后切口愈合情况分为PWH组（n=27）和非PWH组（n=225）。收集患者基础资料、术前PNI和血清TRF水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析老年HF患者术后PWH的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析PNI和血清TRF水平对老年HF患者术后PWH的预测价值。结果：252例老年HF患者术后出现27例PWH,其中24例切口长时间不愈合,3例切口裂开。与非PWH组比较,PWH组体质量指数（BMI）和白蛋白、淋巴细胞计数（LC）、PNI、血清TRF水平更低,糖尿病比例和术中出血量更高（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,BMI≥18.5 kg/m²（OR=0.648,95％CI：0.457～0.919）、PNI（OR=0.954,95％CI：0.932～0.976）、血清TRF（OR=0.484,95％CI：0.307～0.761）升高是老年HF患者术后PWH的保护因素,糖尿病（OR=2.651,95％CI：1.182～5.948）、术中出血量增加（OR=1.013,95％CI：1.005～1.021）是危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,PNI和血清TRF水平单独与联合预测老年HF患者术后PWH的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.808、0.770、0.871,灵敏度分别为70.37％、55.56％、92.59％,特异度分别为80.65％、85.81％、70.32％。二者联合预测老年HF患者术后PWH的AUC大于二者单独预测（P＜0.05）。结论：术前PNI和血清TRF水平降低是老年HF患者术后PWH的危险因素,二者联合对老年HF患者术后PWH的预测价值较高。     

血清白细胞介素6、脑源性神经营养因子、甘油三酯、5-羟色胺与精神分裂症患者认知功能和攻击行为的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨血清白细胞介素6（IL-6）、脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、甘油三酯（TG）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）与精神分裂症（SZ）患者认知功能的关系,并分析SZ患者攻击行为的影响因素,研究血清IL-6、TG、BDNF、5-HT与攻击行为的关系。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年1月我院收治的112例SZ患者作为SZ组,根据有无攻击行为分为有攻击行为组31例和无攻击行为组81例,另选取同期41例体检健康者作为对照组,检测血清IL-6、BDNF、TG、5-HT水平,中文版MATRICS共识认知成套测验（MCCB）评估认知功能。采用Pearson/Spearman相关性分析SZ患者血清IL-6、BDNF、TG、5-HT水平与MCCB评分的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析SZ患者攻击行为的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清IL-6、BDNF、TG、5-HT水平对SZ患者攻击行为的预测价值。结果：SZ组血清IL-6、TG水平高于对照组,BDNF、5-HT水平和MCCB评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）。Pearson/Spearman相关性分析显示,SZ患者血清IL-6、TG水平与MCCB评分呈负相关（r/rs=-0.569、-0.528,均P＜0.001）,BDNF、5-HT水平与MCCB评分呈正相关（r/rs=0.587、0.602,均P＜0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,PANSS总分增加（OR=1.958,95％CI：1.035～3.704）、IL-6升高（OR=1.015,95％CI：1.041～1.172）、TG升高（OR=1.007,95％CI：1.023～1.135）为SZ患者攻击行为的独立危险因素,MCCB评分增加（OR=0.911,95％CI：0.848～0.979）、BDNF升高（OR=0.792,95％CI：0.656～0.955）、5-HT升高（OR=0.979,95％CI：0.965～0.994）为独立保护因素（均P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析发现,血清IL-6、BDNF、TG、5-HT水平单独与联合预测SZ患者攻击行为的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.765、0.754、0.750、0.748、0.920,四项联合预测SZ患者攻击行为的AUC大于各指标单独预测。结论：SZ患者血清IL-6、TG水平升高和BDNF、5-HT水平降低与认知功能障碍和攻击行为有关,血清IL-6、BDNF、TG、5-HT水平可作为SZ患者攻击行为的辅助预测指标。     

贲门癌患者营养风险的危险因素及其与生活质量的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨贲门癌患者营养风险的危险因素,分析其与生活质量的关系。方法：纳入我院2017年8月～2020年8月收治的贲门癌患者102例,采用营养风险筛查2002（NRS2002）将患者分成营养风险组（n=45）、无营养风险组（n=57）,分析患者发生营养风险的危险因素。采用简明生活质量量表（SF-36）评估患者的生活质量,分析NRS2002评分与SF-36评分的相关性。结果：在102例患者中,营养风险发生率为44.12%。Logistic多元回归模型分析显示：年龄≥60岁（OR=3.914,95%CI：1.718-8.917）、术前血红蛋白异常（OR=2.522,95%CI：1.124-5.659）、文化程度小学及以下（OR=3.447,95%CI：1.519-7.822）、家庭月收入≤1000元（OR=2.974,95%CI：1.415-6.251）均是贲门癌患者发生营养风险的危险因素（P＜0.05）,文化程度大专及以上（OR=0.941,95%CI：0.897-0.987）、家庭月收入>5000元（OR=0.947,95%CI：0.901-0.995）均是其营养风险发生的保护性因素（P＜0.05）。营养风险组情绪角色功能、心理健康、躯体功能、躯体疼痛、躯体角色功能、总体健康评分均低于无营养风险组（P＜0.05）。NRS2002评分与情绪角色功能（r=-0.811）、心理健康（r=-0.627）、躯体功能（r=-0.524）、躯体疼痛（r=-0.619）、躯体角色功能（r=-0.587）、总体健康（r=-0.718）评分均呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论：贲门癌患者营养风险发生率较高,其发生与多种因素存在关联,可降低患者生活质量,临床需尽早对患者营养风险进行评估,并采取相应措施,以期改善患者生活质量。     

中老年肩痛患者疼痛及肩关节功能恢复的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探究分析中老年肩痛患者疼痛及肩关节功能恢复的影响因素分析。方法：采用便利抽样法,随机抽取2020年9月至2022年9月期间于我院门诊就诊的2010名中老年患者作为调查对象,对患者进行筛查、复查、确诊、随访等。并对所搜集信息进行疼痛及肩关节功能恢复单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：单因素分析显示,年龄（x²=15.274, P＜0.001）、性别（x²=10.401, P=0.001）、病程（x²=16.410, P＜0.001）和是否进行功能锻炼（x²=6.293, P=0.012）为影响中老年肩痛患者肩关节功能恢复的主要因素;年龄≥70岁（OR=1.292, 95%CI 0.953-1.750）、女性（OR=1.672, 95%CI 1.348-2.074）、病程＞1个月（OR=1.470, 95%CI 1.021-2.116）和未进行功能锻炼（OR=1.844, 95%CI 1.175-2.894）为影响中老年肩痛患者肩关节功能恢复的独立危险因素。结论：年龄≥70岁、女性、病程＞1个月和未进行功能锻炼为影响中老年肩痛患者肩关节功能恢复的独立危险因素,根据上述因素尽早快速甄别高风险患者,及早给予合理有效的康复治疗措施,可显著改善肩痛患者肩关节功能的预后。     

重症急性胰腺炎肠内营养喂养不耐受的影响因素分析及腹内压的预测价值探讨

摘要 目的：分析重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者肠内营养喂养不耐受的影响因素,并探讨腹内压对其的预测价值。方法：选取2018年1月～2021年1月江苏省人民医院ICU收治的80例SAP患者,均经三腔鼻空肠管实施肠内营养治疗,统计肠内营养不耐受发生情况。收集所有患者的临床资料,多因素Logistic回归分析SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析腹内压对SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受的预测价值。结果：80例SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受发生率为53.75%（43/80）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁（OR=4.679,95%CI：1.549～23.078,P=0.026）、肠内营养开始时间≥72 h（OR=7.069,95%CI：1.700～29.395,P=0.007）、腹内压≥15 mmHg（OR=4.495,95%CI：1.137～17.770,P=0.032）为SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受的危险因素,而白蛋白≥3 5 g/L（OR=0.264,95%CI：0.073～0.956,P=0.042）、添加膳食纤维（OR=0.178,95%CI：0.048～0.662,P=0.010）是SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受的保护因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示,腹内压预测SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受的曲线下面积为0.809（95%CI：0.706～0.888）,敏感性为79.07%,特异性为72.97%。结论：SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受与年龄、肠内营养开始时间、腹内压、白蛋白水平、是否添加膳食纤维有关,腹内压对SAP患者肠内营养喂养不耐受具有一定预测价值。     

食管癌住院患者营养风险筛查及营养不良状况对生活质量和预后的影响

摘要 目的：利用营养风险筛查工具（NRS2002）对食管癌住院患者的营养风险进行评估,并分析营养不良情况对患者生活质量及预后的影响。方法：前瞻性选取我院2017年10月～2019年10月收治的食管癌住院患者110例,治疗前经NRS2002分析营养风险,经主观整体营养评估法（PG-SGA）评估营养不良情况,分析营养不良的危险因素。根据PG-SGA评分将患者分成营养正常组、轻度营养不良组、中度营养不良组、重度营养不良组。经简明生活质量量表（SF-36）评估患者生活质量,随访12个月观察预后情况,比较四组SF-36评分与预后。结果：110例患者中,NRS2002分析提示有营养风险者78例,无营养风险者32例。PG-SGA评分提示营养正常37例,轻度营养不良28例,中度营养不良25例,重度营养不良20例。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁（95%CI：1.312-3.374,OR=2.104）、消化道症状数目＞2个（95%CI：1.052-6.701,OR=2.655）、吞咽障碍（95%CI：1.711-13.601,OR=4.824）、术前合并症（95%CI：1.274-10.406,OR=3.641）是食管癌住院患者营养不良的危险因素（P＜0.05）。轻、中、重度营养不良组的躯体疼痛、精力、躯体功能、情绪角色功能、心理健康、社会功能、总体健康评分较营养正常组降低,且中、重度营养不良组低于轻度营养不良组,重度营养不良组低于中度营养不良组（P＜0.05）。营养正常组生存率为94.59%,高于重度营养不良组的70.00%（P＜0.05）。营养正常组、轻度营养不良组、中度营养不良组的生存率比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论：食管癌住院患者营养风险及营养不良发生率较高,其营养状态主要受患者年龄、消化道症状数目、吞咽障碍、术前合并症的影响,对患者生活质量和预后影响较大,营养评估有望成为预测食管癌住院患者生活质量及预后的指标。     

血清klotho、FGF水平与腹膜透析患者颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性

摘要 目的：观察腹膜透析患者颈动脉粥样硬化（As）情况及血清klotho、成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）的表达,分析血清klotho、FGF表达与腹膜透析患者颈动脉As的关系。方法：选取我院2016年12月-2017年10月接受腹膜透析治疗的154例患者作为研究对象,统计颈动脉As发生情况,检测血清klotho、FGF水平。结果：154例腹膜透析患者患者中,颈动脉As发生率为51.16 %;发生颈动脉As患者的血清klotho水平低于未发生患者,血清FGF水平高于未发生患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;采用双变量Pearson直线相关性分析发现,腹膜透析患者血清klotho水平与FGF水平呈负相关（r＜0,P＜0.001）;经多项Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清klotho低表达、血清FGF过表达均是腹膜透析患者发生颈动脉As的影响因素（OR＞1,P＜0.05）; ROC曲线结果显示,血清klotho、FGF预测腹膜透析患者发生颈动脉As风险的AUC均＞0.80。结论：腹膜透析患者颈动脉As的发生可能与血清klotho低表达、血清FGF过表达有关,建议临床通过检测患者血清klotho、FGF水平,预测颈动脉As发生风险。     

Association of circulating selenium concentration with dyslipidemia: Results from the NHANES

BackgroundObservational studies have suggested that selenium levels might associate with the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases, but how circulating selenium is related to dyslipidemia remains inconclusive.ObjectivesTo investigate the association of circulating selenium levels with lipid profiles and dyslipidemia among US adults.MethodsUsing the data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999–2006), we performed multivariate logistic regression to examine the association of circulating selenium levels (in quartiles) with total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, and atherogenic index (AI).ResultsWe included 2903 adults (49.3 % male) (average age: 61.9) for analysis. Circulating selenium had non-linear association with TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and AI (all p < 0.05). When comparing with the lowest quartile, subjects with the highest quartile of circulating selenium (>147.00 μg/L) had the higher odds of elevated TG (OR: 1.75, 95% CI = 1.14, 2.68), TC (OR: 2.47, 95% CI = 1.62, 3.76), LDL-C (OR: 2.52, 95% CI = 1.60, 3.96), non-HDL-C (OR: 2.17, 95% CI = 1.41, 3.33), AI (OR: 1.20, 95% CI = 0.73, 1.97) and low-HDL-C (OR: 2.10, 95% CI = 1.19, 3.72). Similar patterns were observed in subgroup analysis.ConclusionsHigher circulating selenium levels had non-linear association with lipid profiles and the increased odds of dyslipidemia.     

Pericardial fat amount is an independent risk factor of coronary artery stenosis assessed by multidetector-row computed tomography: the Korean Atherosclerosis Study 2

Pericardial fat surrounding the heart and coronary arteries might aggravate vessel wall inflammation and stimulate the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. However, there has been little comprehensive evaluation of the effects of pericardial fat on coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the relationship between pericardial fat volume and the severity of coronary artery stenosis assessed by computed tomography and angiography among patients with suspected CAD. Participants from the cohort of the Korean Atherosclerosis Study 2 (n = 402, mean age of 54 years, 57.0% men) underwent 64-slice multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) to assess pericardial fat amount, coronary artery calcium score (CACS), severity of coronary artery stenosis, and plaque characteristics. Patients with atherosclerotic lesion had significantly larger volume of pericardial fat than patients without atherosclerosis (308 ± 96 cm(3) vs. 251 ± 93 cm(3); P < 0.01). In a multivariate regression analysis adjusting for age, gender and BMI, subjects with more pericardial fat had a higher risk for significant (>50%) stenosed coronary vessels (odds ratio (OR) = 1.012; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.001-1.030; P = 0.017). This association remained after adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, and lipid profiles (OR = 1.007; 95% CI 1.001-1.014; P = 0.042). In conclusion, an increased pericardial fat volume was an independent risk factor for stenotic CAD and could be helpful in assessing subclinical CADs.     

Role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 Glu504lys polymorphism in acute coronary syndrome

This study aimed to investigate the association of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) Glu504Lys polymorphism, which exists in 30-50% of East Asians, and risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We enrolled 1092 unrelated Han Chinese, including 546 with ACS and 546 age- and sex-matched controls. Subjects with ALDH2 mutant genotypes showed significantly higher ACS than did controls (46.7% versus 31.9%, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed the ALDH2 mutant independently associated with ACS (odds ratio [OR] 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-2.92, P = 0.001), but the association was weaker on adjusting for alcohol consumption (OR 1.82, 95% CI: 1.23-2.70, P = 0.003). Similar results were found in a subgroup analysis of patients with primary ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The ALDH2 mutant was significantly associated with level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with ACS (P = 0.002) and in controls (P = 0.009) and number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) (P = 0.032); furthermore, inclusion of hs-CRP level and EPCs number as independent variables in regression analysis reduced the importance of ALDH2 polymorphism in ACS or primary STEMI. However, ALDH2 polymorphism was not associated with number of coronary arteries with significant stenosis, Gensini score or flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery. Our results suggest that ALDH2 mutation is a genetic risk marker for ACS, which is explained in part by alcohol consumption, inflammation and number of circulating EPCs.     

Prognostic Role of Phospho-STAT3 in Patients with Cancers of the Digestive System: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ObjectiveThe definite prognostic role of p-STAT3 has not been well defined. We performed a meta-analysis evaluating the prognostic role of p-STAT3 expression in patients with digestive system cancers.MethodsWe searched the available articles reporting the prognostic value of p-STAT3 in patients with cancers of the digestive system, mainly including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, esophagus cancer and pancreatic cancer. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were used to assess the prognostic role of p-STAT3 expression level in cancer tissues. And the association between p-STAT3 expression and clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated.ResultsA total of 22 studies with 3585 patients were finally enrolled in the meta-analysis. The results showed that elevated p-STAT3 expression level predicted inferior OS (HR=1.809, 95% CI: 1.442-2.270, P<0.001) and DFS (HR=1.481, 95% CI: 1.028-2.133, P= 0.035) in patients with malignant cancers of the digestive system. Increased expression of p-STAT3 is significantly related with tumor cell differentiation (Odds ratio (OR) =1.895, 95% CI: 1.364-2.632, P<0.001) and lymph node metastases (OR=2.108, 95% CI: 1.104-4.024, P=0.024). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the pooled HR was stable and omitting a single study did not change the significance of the pooled HR. Funnel plots and Egger’s tests revealed there was no significant publication bias in the meta-analysis.ConclusionPhospho-STAT3 might be a prognostic factor of patients with digestive system cancers. More well designed studies with adequate follow-up are needed to gain a thorough understanding of the prognostic role of p-STAT3.     

Circulating Omega-6, But Not Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids,Are Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

BackgroundCirculating polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels are associated with clinical outcomes in cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure (HF). However, their clinical implications in acute decompensated HF (ADHF) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical roles of circulating PUFAs in patients with ADHF.MethodsCirculating levels of PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA) and dihomo-gamma linoleic acid (DGLA), were measured on admission in 685 consecutive ADHF patients. Adverse events were defined as all-cause death and worsening HF.ResultsDuring a median follow-up period of 560 days, 262 (38.2%) patients had adverse events. Although patients with adverse events had lower n-6 PUFA (AA + DGLA) level than those without, n-3 PUFA (EPA + DHA) level was comparable between the groups. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that lower n-6 PUFA level on admission was significantly associated with the composite of all-cause death and worsening HF, all-cause death, cardiovascular death and worsening HF (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, p = 0.021, p = 0.019, respectively). In a multivariate Cox model, lower n-6 PUFA level was independently associated with increased risk of adverse events (HR 0.996, 95% CI: 0.993–0.999, p = 0.027).ConclusionsLower n-6 but not n-3 PUFA level on admission was significantly related to worse clinical outcomes in ADHF patients. Measurement of circulating n-6 PUFA levels on admission might provide information for identifying high risk ADHF patients.     

Body size and composition and risk of site-specific cancers in the UK Biobank and large international consortia: A mendelian randomisation study

BackgroundEvidence for the impact of body size and composition on cancer risk is limited. This mendelian randomisation (MR) study investigates evidence supporting causal relationships of body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and height with cancer risk.Methods and findingsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used as instrumental variables for BMI (312 SNPs), FMI (577 SNPs), FFMI (577 SNPs), and height (293 SNPs). Associations of the genetic variants with 22 site-specific cancers and overall cancer were estimated in 367,561 individuals from the UK Biobank (UKBB) and with lung, breast, ovarian, uterine, and prostate cancer in large international consortia. In the UKBB, genetically predicted BMI was positively associated with overall cancer (odds ratio [OR] per 1 kg/m² increase 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.02; p = 0.043); several digestive system cancers: stomach (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06–1.21; p < 0.001), esophagus (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03, 1.17; p = 0.003), liver (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.25; p = 0.012), and pancreas (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.12; p = 0.016); and lung cancer (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04–1.12; p < 0.001). For sex-specific cancers, genetically predicted elevated BMI was associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05–1.15; p < 0.001) and with a lower risk of prostate cancer (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94–0.99; p = 0.009). When dividing cancers into digestive system versus non-digestive system, genetically predicted BMI was positively associated with digestive system cancers (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.06; p < 0.001) but not with non-digestive system cancers (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.02; p = 0.369). Genetically predicted FMI was positively associated with liver, pancreatic, and lung cancer and inversely associated with melanoma and prostate cancer. Genetically predicted FFMI was positively associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and melanoma. Genetically predicted height was associated with increased risk of overall cancer (OR per 1 standard deviation increase 1.09; 95% CI 1.05–1.12; p < 0.001) and multiple site-specific cancers. Similar results were observed in analyses using the weighted median and MR–Egger methods. Results based on consortium data confirmed the positive associations between BMI and lung and uterine cancer risk as well as the inverse association between BMI and prostate cancer, and, additionally, showed an inverse association between genetically predicted BMI and breast cancer. The main limitations are the assumption that genetic associations with cancer outcomes are mediated via the proposed risk factors and that estimates for some lower frequency cancer types are subject to low precision.ConclusionsOur results show that the evidence for BMI as a causal risk factor for cancer is mixed. We find that BMI has a consistent causal role in increasing risk of digestive system cancers and a role for sex-specific cancers with inconsistent directions of effect. In contrast, increased height appears to have a consistent risk-increasing effect on overall and site-specific cancers.

Mathew Vithayathil and colleagues study associations of body mass index and other measures with incidence of specific cancers.     

单胎妊娠早产胎膜早破呼吸窘迫综合征的危险因素分析

目的:探讨单胎妊娠早产胎膜早破发生新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)的危险因素。方法:选择2017年5月至2019年5月在我院产科分娩的2810例产妇为研究对象,其中97例(3.45%)符合未足月胎膜早破(Preterm premature rupture of membranes,pPROM)标准,包括53例RDS。收集以下信息:PROM潜伏期、出生时胎龄、脐动脉搏动指数(Umbilical artery pulsatility index,UAPI)、大脑中动脉搏动指数(Middle cerebral artery pulsation index,MCAPI)、胎儿窘迫、产前使用类固醇、新生儿实验室参数、性别、体重、Apgar评分、分娩类型、妊娠高血压疾病、妊娠期糖耐量异常或糖尿病等信息,通过Logistic回归分析研究变量对RDS的影响。结果:Logistic回归分析结果显示,以下变量与RDS密切相关:新生儿性别女性(OR=0.517;95%CI:0.312-0.107;P=0.042),产前使用类固醇(OR=0.467;95%CI:0.355-0.698;P0.001),异常UAPI(OR=2.830;95%CI:1.783-6.234;P=0.002),异常MCA PI(OR=2.136;95%CI:1.120-4.017;P=0.032),胎儿窘迫(OR=2.420;95%CI:1.287-4.824;P=0.017),母体HGB(OR=0.689;95%CI:0.511-1.013;P=0.221),新生儿HGB(OR=0.752;95%CI:0.645-0.891;P0.001),新生儿RBC(OR=0.311;95%CI:0.201-0.565;P0.001)。结论:单胎妊娠早产胎膜早破发生RDS危险因素主要是性别、胎儿胎盘循环异常和胎儿窘迫。     

Hyperuricemia Inversely Correlates with Disease Severity in Taiwanese Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Patients

MethodsA total of 130 biopsy-proven Taiwanese NASH patients (94 males, age = 43.0 ± 13.0 years) were consecutively enrolled. Their demographic, metabolic profiles and histopathological manifestations were analyzed.ResultsTwenty-four (18.5%) NASH patients were non-obese. Thirty-three (25.4%) patients had significant fibrosis (F2) or more: 22 (16.9%) patients were of F2, whilst 11 (8.5%) patients were of advanced fibrosis (F3-4). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes and hypertension were 60.8%, 39.4%, and 61.5%, respectively. There was a significant inverse correlation between hyperuricemia and fibrosis stages, ranging from 48.4% of F0-1, 33.3% of F2, and 9.1% of F3-4, respectively (P = 0.01, linear trend). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a decreased serum albumin level (OR = 40.0, 95% CI = 4.5–300, P = 0.001) and normal uric acid level (OR = 5.6, 95% CI = 1.5–21.7, P = 0.01) were the significant factors associated with significant fibrosis.ConclusionsHyperuricemia inversely predicts fibrosis stages. Females might carry a more disease severity than males in Taiwanese NASH patients.     

Is endocan a novel potential biomarker of liver steatosis and fibrosis?

BackgroundStudies that evaluated endocan levels in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis are scarce. We aimed to explore endocan levels in relation to different stages of liver diseases, such as NAFLD, as determined with fatty liver index (FLI) and liver fibrosis, as assessed with BARD score.MethodsA total of 147 participants with FLI≥60 were compared with 64 participants with FLI <30. An FLI score was calculated using waist circumference, body mass index, gamma-glutamyl transferase and triglycerides. Patients with FLI≥60 were further divided into those with no/mild fibrosis (BARD score 0-1 point; n=23) and advanced fibrosis (BARD score 2-4 points; n=124). BARD score was calculated as follows: diabetes mellitus (1 point) + body mass index≥28 kg/m2 (1 point) + aspartate amino transferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio≥0.8 (2 points).ResultsEndocan was independent predictor for FLI and BARD score, both in univariate [OR=1.255 (95% CI= 1.104-1.426), P=0.001; OR=1.208 (95% CI=1.029-1.419), P=0.021, respectively] and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis [OR=1.287 (95% CI=1.055-1.570), P=0.013; OR=1.226 (95% CI=1.022-1.470), P=0.028, respectively]. Endocan as a single predictor showed poor discriminatory capability for steatosis/fibrosis [AUC=0.648; (95% CI=0.568-0.727), P=0.002; AUC= 0.667 (95% CI=0.555-0.778), P=0.013, respectively], whereas in a Model, endocan showed an excellent clinical accuracy [AUC=0.930; (95% CI=0.886-0.975), P<0.001, AUC=0.840 (95% CI=0.763-0.918), P<0.001, respectively].ConclusionsEndocan independently correlated with both FLI and BARD score. However, when tested in models (with other biomarkers), endocan showed better discriminatory ability for liver steatosis/fibrosis, instead of its usage as a single biomarker.     

Systemic elevations of free radical oxidation products of arachidonic acid are associated with angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease

Oxidant stress is widely believed to participate in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. However, progress in defining appropriate systemic antioxidant targeted therapies has been hindered by uncertainty in defining clinically relevant systemic oxidant stress measures. In a case control study, 50 subjects with CAD (>50% stenosis in one or more major coronary vessels) and 54 without CAD (<30% stenosis in all major coronary vessels) were tested. Plasma was isolated and stored under conditions designed to prevent artificial lipid peroxidation. Systemic levels of multiple (n=9) specific fatty acid oxidation products including individual hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs), hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), and F(2)-isoprostanes were simultaneously measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with on-line tandem mass spectrometry, along with traditional risk factors and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Of the markers monitored, only 9-HETE and F(2)-isoprostanes, both products of free radical-mediated arachidonic acid oxidation, were significantly elevated in patients with angiographically defined CAD (9-HETE, 8.7 +/- 4 vs 6.8 +/- 4 micromol/mol arachidonate, P = 0.011; and F(2)-isoprostanes, 9.4 +/- 5 vs 6.2 +/- 3 micromol/mol arachidonate, P < 0.001). In multivariable analyses with simultaneous adjustment for Framingham risk score and C-reactive protein, 9-HETE (4th quartile OR = 4.8, 95% CI=1.3 to 17.1; P = 0.016) and F(2)-isoprostanes (4th quartile OR=9.7, 95% CI=2.56 to 36.9; P < 0.001) remained strong and independent predictors of CAD risk. Systemic levels of 9-HETE and F(2)-isoprostanes are independently associated with angiographic evidence of CAD and appear superior to other specific oxidation products of arachidonic and linoleic acids as predictors of the presence of angiographically evident coronary artery disease.