NGAL基因在永生化食管上皮细胞恶性转化中过表达的研究

为研究NGAL（neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin）基因在永生化食管上皮细胞恶性转化中的表达情况,以永生化食管上皮细胞系SHEE和食管癌细胞系SHEEC互为对照,用cDNA微列阵进行筛选,用RNA印迹和RT-PCR进行鉴定,cDNA克隆测序后与GenBank进行BLAST分析比较.结果表明NGAL基因在SHEEC中出现显著差异过表达,其cDNA序列与小鼠24p3、大鼠NRL（neu-related lipocalin）、人中性粒细胞NGAL和卵巢癌NGAL具有较高的相似性.这提示NGAL基因在永生化食管上皮细胞恶性转化中可能发挥着重要作用,可能是一种新的癌基因或促癌基因.     

鼻咽癌组织cDNA文库的构建及抗原基因的筛选

构建人鼻咽癌组织cDNA文库,以SEREX方法从cDNA文库中筛选鼻咽癌抗原基因。采用确诊鼻咽癌患者新鲜活检癌组织构建cDNA文库,测定原始文库滴度,进行蓝白筛选以确定文库的重组率。以建库组织来源患者的自身血清,采用“一对一” 的血清学方法筛选所构建的cDNA文库,阳性克隆经PCR检测鉴定后进行序列分析。经测定原始文库滴度为7.28×10⁶pfu/mL,含3.64×10⁶个重组子,重组率为94%,扩增文库滴度为3.8×10⁹pfu/mL,cDNA插入片段大小在0.5～3.0kb之间。文库经三轮血清学筛选共获得23个阳性克隆,分别代表了16个独立的cDNA插入片段（抗原基因）。其中10个与已知基因高度同源,另外6个基因与GenBank中已知基因的部分同源,其中有3个是新基因。利用SMART技术构建了高质量的人鼻咽癌组织cDNA表达文库,有利于以cDNA文库为基础的进一步的实验研究。应用SEREX技术初步筛选鼻咽癌组织cDNA文库,共得到16个鼻咽癌相关抗原基因,其中有3个是新基因,可能为鼻咽癌的免疫学研究提供新的研究分子。     

携带Paenibacillus polymyxa WLY78固氮基因簇(nif)的重组大肠杆菌Escherichia coli78-7转录组分析

[目的]来自Paenibacillus polymyxa WLY78的固氮基因簇（nifBHDKEfNXhesAnifV）可以转化入Escherichia coli中表达并使重组大肠杆菌合成有固氮活性的固氮酶。本文拟通过对重组大肠杆菌E.coli 78-7的转录组分析以提高其固氮能力。[方法]对固氮条件（无氧无NH₄⁺）和非固氮条件（空气和100 mmol/L NH₄⁺）培养的重组大肠杆菌E.coli 78-7进行转录组分析。[结果]nif基因在两种培养条件下显著表达,说明在重组大肠杆菌中可规避原菌中氧气和NH₄⁺对nif基因的负调控。对于固氮过程必需的非nif基因,如参与钼、硫、铁元素转运的mod、cys和feoAB,这些基因在两种培养条件下表达水平有差异。而参与铁硫簇合成的suf和isc基因簇在两条件下表达水平差异巨大。此外,参与氮代谢的基因在固氮条件下显著上调。[结论]重组大肠杆菌中与固氮相关的非nif基因在该菌的固氮过程中具有较大影响,本文对在异源宿主中调高固氮酶活性研究具有重要意义。     

肾癌相关基因克隆——肾癌cDNA消减文库的构建

应用抑制性消减杂交技术,构建人肾癌与正常肾差异表达的cDNA消减文库.分别从肾癌及正常肾细胞系中提取poly(A)⁺RNA,依次合成单链及双链cDNA,经酶切成平均大小为400～600 bp的片段,将肾癌cDNA分为两组,分别与两种不同的接头衔接,再与正常肾cDNA进行两次消减杂交及两次抑制性PCR后,将产物与T/A载体连接构建成功cDNA消减文库,并转染大肠杆菌进行文库扩增.构建成功具有高消减效率的人肾癌cDNA消减文库,非特异性cDNA片段被有效地消减,特异表达的cDNA得到富集.文库扩增后得到6 500个克隆,随机挑取350个制备质粒,酶切分析均得到400～600 bp插入片段.所构建的人肾癌cDNA消减文库为进一步大批量筛选、克隆肾癌特异性表达的未知新基因奠定了基础.     

破色期番茄果实均一化cDNA沉默文库的构建和功能基因筛选模型的初步建立

番茄果实的成熟是由多基因精细调控的一个过程．利用破色期番茄果实,根据复性动力学原理在mRNA水平进行均一化操作使高丰度和低丰度的mRNA丰度接近．然后把均一化之后mRNA反转录得到cDNA,再与基因沉默载体pTRV重组,最后把构建好的载体通过电转化的方法转入到GV3101农杆菌中,从而建立起破色期番茄果实均一化cDNA沉默文库．通过番茄果实中病毒诱导基因沉默技术,对cDNA沉默文库进行初步筛选,从而确定功能基因筛选模型．在模型建立阶段,以番茄红素合成途径相关的PDS基因作为内标基因,在100个混合农杆菌样中,成功筛选到了PDS基因．     

大肠杆菌Na+/H+反向运输体A基因的克隆及序列分析*

为研究细菌的耐盐机理 ,根据细菌中存在的Na⁺/H⁺反向运输体 (nhaA)的基因序列 ,采用PCR扩增的方法 ,从大肠杆菌 (Escherichiacoli)DH5α中克隆获得了11kb的DNA片段 ,经过核酸序列分析 ,发现基因片段包含了nhaA基因完整的读码框架。采用序列同源性分析方法 ,结果显示nhaA基因在多种细菌中均存在 ,表明nhaA基因是细菌中普遍存在的一种能够反向运输Na^{+相似文献}   

瑞氏木霉木糖醇脱氢酶基因的分离与鉴定

将在木聚糖上生长的瑞氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)RutC-30的cDNA文库全部质粒转化已携带有毕赤氏酵(Pithia stipitis)木糖还原酶基因的重组酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)菌株H475,在H475中构建了瑞氏木霉的cDNA表达亚文库。在以木糖为唯一碳源的选择性酵母合成培养基上,从该亚文库中筛选到瑞氏木霉木糖醇脱氢酶cDNA基因．该基因片段长为1．3kb。Southern、Norhern印迹杂交分析和蛋白质凝胶电泳结果表明该基因确实来源于瑞氏木霉,所编码蛋白质分子量约为40kDa。携带有毕赤氏酵母木糖还原酶和瑞氏木霉木糖醇脱氢酶基因的重组酵母能够在以木糖为唯一碳源的培养基上生长,并能将90％以上的木糖转化为木糖醇、乙醇和其它副产品。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊cDNA文库的构建

用建立表达性文库的方法 ,构建了Eimeriatenella孢子化卵囊噬菌体ZAP表达性cDNA文库。首先用TRIzol试剂盒从E .tenella孢子化卵囊中提取总RNA ,再用Oligo(dT)₁₂纤维素柱从总RNA中分离mRNA ,以mRNA为模板 ,Oligo(dT)₁₈Linker Primer为引物 ,反转录合成cDNA第一链 ,再在DNA聚合酶Ⅰ作用下置换合成第二链cDNA。cDNA第二链合成后用PfuDNA聚合酶补平XhoⅠ位点 ,再与EcoRⅠAdapters连接 ,经XhoⅠ酶切后 ,凝胶电泳回收 500bp～4.0kp之间的cDNA片段 ,纯化后的双链cDNA与载体ZAPExpressvector连接。体外包装后得到E .tenella孢子化卵囊的cDNA表达性文库 ,经测定该文库的容量为 6×10⁶ ,扩增后文库的滴度为 1×10¹¹ Pfu mL ,经PCR测定 ,该文库的重组率为 96%。     

解脂耶氏酵母tsr1突变体的构建*

将解脂耶氏酵母与蛋白质分泌有关的ＴＳＲ１基因编码区部分缺失的ＤＮＡ片段转化一株解脂耶氏酵母。通过体内同源重组,部分缺失的外源ｔｓｒ１片段取代了酵母染色体上的正常的ＴＳＲ１基因,从而获得ｔｓｒ１的转化子。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明,用该法成功地构建了ｔｓｒ１突变体,这为进一步研究解脂耶氏酵母ＴＳＲ１基因的功能奠定了基础。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.