大白菜下胚轴离体不定芽高效再生体系的研究

以大白菜的下胚轴为外植体,比较了不同浓度TDZ和6-BA两种细胞分裂素与不同浓度NAA相配合的培养基上不定芽再生的差异,并利用筛选出的高效再生培养基研究外植体苗龄、切段来源、接种方式以及品种对不定芽再生的影响。结果表明:与6-BA相比,TDZ对诱导下胚轴不定芽再生更有效,在M S+TDZ 0.3 m g.L-1+NAA0.5 m g.L-1+A gNO35 m g.L-1的培养基上,下胚轴不定芽再生频率高达87.8%,平均每下胚轴再生不定芽数也达到15.1个;3~5 d苗龄之间的下胚轴不定芽再生能力无显著差异,再生频率均达到80%以上,此后随着苗龄的增加,不定芽分化频率快速下降,苗龄为7 d时再生频率只有51.1%;下胚轴不同切段不定芽再生能力由强到弱表现为:上部切段>中部切段>下部切段;以正插(形态学下端插入培养基)方式接种的外植体不定芽再生能力显著大于反插(形态学上端插入培养基)和平放的;不同品种大白菜下胚轴的不定芽再生能力有一定差异。     

黄瓜和绿豆下胚轴不定根发生的研究

在MS基本培养基上,黄瓜和绿豆幼苗的下胚轴切段培养4d时即可见不定根发生。下胚轴不同部位切段的发根能力不同。下胚轴切段反插时比正插时发根快1-2d,发根率也高于正插的;0.01-0.05mg/L的NAA还诱导下胚轴切段在形态学上端发根。TIBA对正插或反插的下胚轴切段的不定根发生都有抑制作用。结果提示,生长素极性运输活性对不定根形成起着重要作用。     

豇豆上胚轴切段培养成苗

植物名称:豇豆(Vigna sinensis)。品种:鹰嘴红、杭州豇豆材料类别:上胚轴(种子经70％酒精2分钟、饱和漂白粉液16分钟消毒后,在1/2 MS培养基中黑暗条件下萌发出幼苗。取8天龄幼苗上胚轴上部约2.5—3cm,切成 2—2.5mm切段)。培养条件:2/3 MS 6-BA 1.5mg/1(单位下同) IBA0.5 蔗糖 2％ 活性炭0.3％ 琼脂0.6％,黑暗下培养20天后,再在每天光照11小时,光强     

水曲柳下胚轴的组织培养和植株再生

1　植物名称　水曲柳 (Fraxinusmandshurica)。2　材料类别　成熟种子的下胚轴。3　培养条件　诱导培养基 :MS +TDZ 0 .3mg·L- 1 (单位下同 ) +IBA 0 .1 ;伸长培养基 :MS + 6 BA 1 .0 +IBA 0 .5 ;增殖培养基 :MS + 6 BA 2 .0 +IBA 0 .0 5 ;生根培养基 :MS +IBA 0 .5。所有培养基均加 2 %蔗糖、0 .5 %琼脂 ,pH调至 5 .8,1 2 1℃高温、高压灭菌 2 0min。培养温度为 ( 2 5± 1 )℃ ,湿度为 60 %～ 70 % ,光照度为 1 5 0 0～ 2 0 0 0lx ,光照时间为 1 6h·d- 1 。4　生长与分化情况4.1　无菌材料的获得　秋季选取水曲柳饱满种子 ,…     

逐步提高培养基蔗糖浓度诱导的黄皮胚轴耐脱水性与细胞超微结构的变化

黄皮胚轴在蔗糖浓度按27%→50%→60%递增的WPM培养基中培养后耐脱水性显著提高,大部分胚轴脱水至含水量为18.8%时仍具有再生植株的能力.超微结构观察表明,对照下胚轴的细胞在脱水至36.3%含水量时质膜和液泡解体,叶绿体和线粒体崩溃.而经蔗糖逐步加浓培养的胚轴脱水至35.2%含水量时,大部分细胞发生质壁分离,细胞质稠密,叶绿体内部的淀粉粒变大;脱水至18.8%时细胞质壁分离加剧,大部分叶绿体和线粒体局部损伤.脱水至18.8%的胚轴重新吸胀4 d后细胞损伤被修复.     

黄瓜子叶和下胚轴的离体培养

1　植物名称　黄瓜 (Ｃｕｃｕｍｉｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓ)品种“津绿 4号” ,由天津农业科学院黄瓜研究所育成。。2　材料类别　种子萌发的无菌苗子叶和下胚轴切段。3　培养条件　 (1 )种子萌发培养基 :1 /2ＭＳ0 ;(2 )诱导分化培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＩＡＡ 0 2～ 0 4;(3 )生根培养基 :ＭＳ ＩＡＡ 0 5。上述培养基内琼脂浓度均为 0 8% ,蔗糖为 3 % ,ｐＨ5 8～ 6 0。培养温度 (2 5± 2 )℃ ,光照时间 1 0ｈ·ｄ- 1 ,光照度 2 0 0 0ｌｘ。4　生长与分化情况4.1　无菌苗的培养　将黄瓜种子去壳后 ,以 75 %乙醇…     

甘兰叶片、下胚轴直接分化试管苗的试验

利用结球甘兰(F Brassica oleracsa var.capitata it)幼苗的叶片和无菌苗下胚轴进行组织培养,诱导分化出试管苗,效果良好。叶片培养:将取来的叶片外植体用自来水充分冲洗而后在无菌条件下将叶片浸在0.1%的升汞溶液里(含三滴吐温)处理10分钟,进行杀菌,再用无菌水冲洗4—5次,用滤纸吸去叶片表面水分,切成0.5×0.5cm 的小方块,投入培养基。下胚轴培养基:无菌条件下,取     

甘蓝型油菜子叶和下胚轴再生植株无性系建立

以甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)豫油2号和6257的子叶和下胚轴为材料,在不同激素配比的MS培养基上诱导出了愈伤组织。将经过继代的部分愈伤转入分化培养基,分化结果表明:除基因型、外植体和分化培养基的激素配比对分化率有影响外,诱导愈伤培养基的激素配比对分化率也至关重要。豫油2号的子叶和下胚轴在最适诱导培养基(ZT 1+NAA0.5+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L)和最适分化培养基(ZT4+IAA 0.2 mg/L)组合中的愈伤分化率分别为12.5%和75%;6257的子叶和下胚轴在其最适诱导培养基(KT 2+NAA1+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L)和最适分化培养基(6-BA 4+IAA 0.02 mg/L)组合中的愈伤分化率分别为50%和37.5%。将其最适诱导培养基中的愈伤组织继代达8个月以上,建立了不同继代愈伤的再生植株无性系。     

枫香下胚轴的离体培养和植株再生

1　植物名称　枫香 (Ｌｉｑｕｉｄａｍｂａｒｆｏｒｍｏｓａｎａ)。2　材料类别　无菌种子萌发后的幼苗下胚轴。3　培养条件　 ( 1 )无菌种子萌发培养基 :ＭＳ ;( 2 )不定芽诱导培养基 :1 /2ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ0 .5、1 .0、2 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 0 .1 ;( 3)不定芽增殖培养基 :1 /2ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 .0 ＮＡＡ 0 .1 ＧＡ 30 .5 ;( 4 )生根培养基 :ＷＰＭ ＩＢＡ 2 .0。所有培养基蔗糖均为 3% ,琼脂 0 .65 % ,ｐＨ 5 .8,1 2 1℃高温、高压灭菌 1 6ｍｉｎ。培养温度 2 4～ 2 6℃ ,光照 1 6ｈ·ｄ- 1 ,光照度 2 0 0 0ｌｘ左右。4　…     

蔗糖诱导拟南芥幼苗胚轴维管束细胞数量增多

为揭示蔗糖能否引起植物胚轴维管束细胞数量增多，将拟南芥播种于添加88mmol·L-1蔗糖和不添加糖的MS培养基上，对生长在不同培养基上的幼苗胚轴横切，显微镜下统计切片上维管束细胞数量。结果显示，与不加糖相比，加糖条件下萌发4d后幼苗维管束细胞总数增加约70％，维管薄壁细胞和导管分子都增加100％以上，筛管分子增加约90％，中柱鞘细胞数量不变。显然，蔗糖不仅使维管束薄壁细胞数量增多，也使筛管分子和导管分子数量增多。因此认为，添加蔗糖对拟南芥幼苗胚轴维管束具有双重效应，既引起维管薄壁细胞增殖，又促进维管薄壁细胞分化，从而使导管分子和筛管分子数量增多。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism