Novae Gesneriaceae Neotropicarum XII. New species of Gesneriaceae from the Guianas

Five new species of Gesneriaceae are described from the Guianas:Nautilocalyx coccineus, Paradrymonia anisophylla, andParadrymonia barbata in the tribe Episcieae, from Guyana;Napeanthus angustifolius from French Guiana andNapeanthus rupicola from Guyana in the tribe Napeantheae.     

Two new species of Eugenia (Myrtaceae) from Central French Guiana

Eugenia argyrophylla andE. morii from Saül in Central French Guiana are described and illustrated.     

Two new species of Lauraceae from central French Guiana

Aiouea opaca andBeilschmiedia hexanthera, recently collected in central French Guiana, are described and illustrated.     

Notes on neotropical Amanoa (Euphorbiaceae)

Lectotypes are designated forAmanoa caribaea Krug & Urban andA. guianensis Aublet; presumed syntypes of the latter taxon are shown to be heterogeneous by inclusion of a previously unrecognized species. Four new species ofAmanoa are described:A. congesta from French Guiana and northeastern Brazil;A. gracillima from Manaus, Brazil;A. nanayensis from Amazonian Peru and adjacent Colombia and Brazil; andA neglecta from French Guiana and Surinam.Amanoa sinuosa is proposed as a new name for the later homonymA. robusta Leal. A key to the 13 neotropical species is presented.     

Novae Gesneriaceae Neotropicarum XI. New genera and species from the Guianas

Two new genera of Gesneriaceae are described,Lampadaria andCremersia, each with one new species:Lampadaria rupestris from Guyana andCremersia platula from French Guiana, both belonging to the tribe Episcieae. The placement ofLembocarpus in the Episcieae nearCremersia andRhoogeton is proposed.     

A new species of Bactris (Palmae) from French Guiana

A new species,Bactris nancibaensis, from French Guiana, is described and illustrated.     

Two new species of Myrsinaceae from French Guiana

Herbarium studies leading to a treatment of the Myrsinaceae for the Flora of Central French Guiana resulted in the discovery of two heretofore undescribed species,Cybianthus prevostiae andStylogyne incognita. The species are described and illustrated, and hypotheses regarding phylogenetic relationships with their respective congeners are provided.Cybianthus prevostiae is unusual among members ofCybianthus subgen.Weigeltia owing to its monoaxial habit and ellipsoid pistil, and deeply cupuliform calyx.Stylogyne incognita, a taxon often confused withS. micrantha, is most closely related toS. sordida but is separated from it by the corymbose inflorescence, entire leaves, longer petioles, and membranaceous perianth.     

Vantanea ovicarpa (Humiriaceae), a new species from French Guiana

Vantanea ovicarpa, a new species from French Guiana, is described and illustrated.     

Coussarea granvillei (Rubiaceae, Coussareeae), a new species from French Guiana

Coussarea granvillei is newly described and illustrated from material collected in the environs of Mount Galbao, near Saül, French Guiana. This new species is compared toC. amapaensis, for which the morphological and distributional ranges are extended and briefly discussed, and toC. leptophragma andC. revoluta.     

Guarea michel-moddei (meliaceae), a new species from central French Guiana

Guarea michel-moddei, a new species from central French Guiana is described and illustrated. It differs from the morphologically similarG. cristata of western Amazonia by its unbranched habit; shorter, less dense indumentum of the young parts, leaves, and inflorescence; bullate leaves, shorter inflorescence, shorter pubescence on the corolla; and smaller corolla and staminal tube.     

Calathea maasiorum (Marantaceae), a new species from French Guiana and Surinam

Calathea maasiorum from French Guiana and Surinam is described as new. It belongs toCalathea sectionBreviscapus Bentham. The foliage is patterned with a light green band along the midrib above. This new species has previously been confused withC. cyclophora Baker from Amazonian Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana but it is distinguished fromC. cyclophora by the absence of bracteoles, the elliptic to obovate leaf blade, and shorter (1–2 cm long) bracts.     

New species of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) from the Guianas

Two new species,Dicliptera knappii from Guyana andD. granvillei from French Guiana, are described, illustrated, and compared with their closest relatives.     

Xenocylindrocladium guianense andX. subverticillatum, two new species of hyphomycetes from plant debris in the tropics

Two new species of hyphomycetes,Xenocylindrocladium guianense andX. subverticillatum, are described from plant debris collected in French Guiana and Singapore, respectively. The genusXenocylindrocladium has thus far been known from one species,X. serpens, which was described from plant debris collected in Ecuador. The two new taxa are compared with and distinguished fromX. serpens based on morphology, cultural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data of the 5.8S rDNA with flanking ITS1 and ITS2 regions and the 5′ end of the β-tubulin gene. These species are also compared with other closely related hypocrealean taxa. Present collection data suggest that species ofXenocylindrocladium could be restricted to the tropics.     

Two new species of Protium from French Guiana. Studies in neotropical Burseraceae VIII

Revision of Protium in French Guiana has revealed two new species. Protium gallicum is related to P. aracouchini (Aubl.) Marchand and P. elegans Engl., although its fruits resemble those of P. plagiocarpium Bénoist. Protium inodorum, which also occurs in northern Pará, Brazil, is related to P. pallidum Cuatrec. and P. cuneatum Swart; it is known only from flowers and very young fruits. Even in relatively well-known regions of tropical forest, botanical exploration continues to yield new taxa.     

New taxa of heliconia (Heliconiaceae) from Ecuador

Three new species (Heliconia fredberryana H. litana, andH. lutheri) and one new subspecies (H. obscura ssp.dichroma) from Ecuador are described, illustrated, and discussed.     

New rubiaceae from French Guiana

Four new species and one new variety of Rubiaceae from French Guiana are described:Psychotria alloantha, P. cypellantha, P. squamelligera, P. viridibractea, andSipanea ovalifolia var.villosissima.     

Two new species of Paramachaerium (Leguminosae) and a brief résumé of the genus

Paramachaerium Ducke, a genus of neotropical trees, has been known hitherto from three species,P. schomburgkii (Guyana and Brazil),P. ormosioides (French Guiana and Brazil), andP. gruberi (Panamá). Two new species are herein described,P. krukovii (western Brazil) andP. schunkei (Peru).     

Five new species of Solanum section Geminata (Solanaceae) from South America

Five new species of South AmericanSolanum are described:S. morii from French Guiana,S. superbum andS. tumescens from Bolivia,S. platycypellon from southern Bolivia and northern Argentina andS. gertii from southeastern Brazil. An illustration and distribution map for each species is provided and relationships to close relatives are discussed.