百色盆地旧石器暨旧大陆早期人类迁徙与演化国际学术研讨会在广色百色市召开

2005年12月6日“百色盆地旧石器研究暨旧大陆早期人类迁徙与演化国际学术研讨会”（International Symposium on Migration and Evolution of Eady Humansin the Old Wodd）在百色市隆重开幕。中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所高星副所长、中共百色市委梁春禄书记、美国史密森研究院鲍立克（Richard Potts）博士、广西文化厅陈映红副厅长分别在开幕式上致词。来自法国、印度、德国、美国、西班牙、英国、以色列、南非等国的20位和中国8个省份包括台湾在内共40余名国内外专家出席开幕式并参加了4天的学术研讨和野外参观活动。大会收到参会论文46篇,共有33位中外学者在大会上作报告。     

百色盆地高岭坡遗址的石制品

高岭坡旧石器遗址位于百色市田东县境内的林逢镇檀河村,文化层为右江南岸第4级阶地的砖红壤层。本文材料为1986~1995年发掘和采集的、由中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所收藏的834件石制品。石制品类型有石核、石片、工具、备料和断块;石片和断块占较大比例;工具既有手斧、手镐和砍砸器等重型工具,也有刮削器、凹缺器、石锥和鸟喙状器等轻型工具。两个类群在原料和毛坯选择上有明显差异。工具均采用锤击法,主要从较平的一面向较凸的另一面进行单向加工,辅以交互和错向加工。拼合石片以及大量细小石片、断块等的存在显示,该遗址为一处石器制造场所。     

百色六怀山遗址周边新发现的旧石器

六怀山遗址是百色盆地内一处重要的旧石器时代早期遗址, 2008年12月在其周边进行考查时, 新发现旧石器地点3处, 采集石制品37件。石制品类型包括石核、石片、砍砸器、手镐等; 原料主要为石英岩、石英砂岩、粉砂岩等; 石器毛坯主要为砾石, 器型粗大, 具有南方砾石石器工业的鲜明特征。初步分析显示, 新发现地点属同一时段人类活动的结果, 进一步的工作将有助于了解旷野遗址人类行为特点, 丰富中国旧石器时代考古学研究的内涵。     

Comparison of handaxes from Bose Basin (China) and the western Acheulean indicates convergence of form, not cognitive differences

Alleged differences between Palaeolithic assemblages from eastern Asia and the west have been the focus of controversial discussion for over half a century, most famously in terms of the so-called 'Movius Line'. Recent discussion has centered on issues of comparability between handaxes from eastern Asian and 'Acheulean' examples from western portions of the Old World. Here, we present a multivariate morphometric analysis in order to more fully document how Mid-Pleistocene (i.e. ～803 Kyr) handaxes from Bose Basin, China compare to examples from the west, as well as with additional (Mode 1) cores from across the Old World. Results show that handaxes from both the western Old World and Bose are significantly different from the Mode 1 cores, suggesting a gross comparability with regard to functionally-related form. Results also demonstrate overlap between the ranges of shape variation in Acheulean handaxes and those from Bose, demonstrating that neither raw material nor cognitive factors were an absolute impediment to Bose hominins in making comparable handaxe forms to their hominin kin west of the Movius Line. However, the shapes of western handaxes are different from the Bose examples to a statistically significant degree. Moreover, the handaxe assemblages from the western Old World are all more similar to each other than any individual assemblage is to the Bose handaxes. Variation in handaxe form is also comparatively high for the Bose material, consistent with suggestions that they represent an emergent, convergent instance of handaxe technology authored by Pleistocene hominins with cognitive capacities directly comparable to those of 'Acheulean' hominins.     

广西百色盆地高岭坡遗址的地层及年代

广西百色盆地旧石器工业因含有众多的手斧且年代早到803 kaBP而闻名于世。盆地内发育有7级河流阶地,其中第IV级阶地发现有手斧和玻璃陨石。自从1973年第一个石器地点被发现,越来越多的遗址或地点被调查发现和发掘。以前研究认为,百色盆地旧石器只出自网纹红土层,年代均为803 kaBP。2013年以前,通常只在土状堆积的上部发掘,从来没有人对第IV级阶地的沉积物从地表到底部砾石层进行系统发掘,因此关于第IV级阶地的整体地层堆积情况及含石器层位很模糊。2013-2014年,广西文物保护与考古研究所会同田东县博物馆对百色盆地最重要的旧石器遗址之一——田东高岭坡遗址进行了系统的考古发掘。此次发掘从遗址的地表往下一直发掘到砾石层,揭露出厚度超过7m的完整地层序列,发现1处小型石器制造场和1处用火遗迹。在不同地层中发现石制品800多件,包括砍砸器、手镐、刮削器等。涵盖旧石器和新石器两个时代。根据地层对比和石制品的特征及测年结果,我们把旧石器时代文化遗存可分为3期:第一期的年代早于或等于803 kaBP,第二期为15 kaBP,第三期约为10 kaBP。     

百色大梅遗址第一地点发掘简报

大梅遗址位于百色右江区东南的右江北岸,最初发现于1982年。该遗址包括三个地点,分别位于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级河流阶地上。2005年8月至2006年1月,广西文物保护与考古研究所对该遗址进行抢救性考古发掘,其中第一地点(A区)发掘面积1100m~2,第二地点(包括B、C、E区)发掘面积1900m~2,第三地点(D区)发掘面1000m~2,总揭露面积4000m~2。该点出土石制品314件,包括砾石、石核、石片、石锤、石器等。石制品原料以石英岩为主,剥片和修理主要采用锤击法,工具多用砾石直接加工而成,类型有砍砸器、手镐、刮削器、尖状器等,刮削器数量最多。根据地层和出土石制品的特征推断,第一地点的时代应为旧石器时代晚期。     

Ocelots on Barro Colorado Island are infected with feline immunodeficiency virus but not other common feline and canine viruses

Transmission of pathogens from domestic animals to wildlife populations (spill-over) has precipitated local wildlife extinctions in multiple geographic locations. Identifying such events before they cause population declines requires differentiating spillover from endemic disease, a challenge complicated by a lack of baseline data from wildlife populations that are isolated from domestic animals. We tested sera collected from 12 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) native to Barro Colorado Island, Panama, which is free of domestic animals, for antibodies to feline herpes virus, feline calicivirus, feline corona virus, feline panleukopenia virus, canine distemper virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), typically a species-specific infection. Samples also were tested for feline leukemia virus antigens. Positive tests results were only observed for FIV; 50% of the ocelots were positive. We hypothesize that isolation of this population has prevented introduction of pathogens typically attributed to contact with domestic animals. The high density of ocelots on Barro Colorado Island may contribute to a high prevalence of FIV infection, as would be expected with increased contact rates among conspecifics in a geographically restricted population.     

百色高岭坡旧石器遗址1993年发掘简报

本文是对1993年度高岭坡遗址发掘情况的初步研究。本次发掘共揭露面积40m2, 获得石制品445件(7件采集), 并在同层发现了玻璃陨石。石制品包括石片、断块、工具和备料; 其中石片和断块占绝大多数, 没有发现石核。工具有以砾石为毛坯的各类砍砸器和以石片为毛坯的鸟喙状器; 石片特点揭示剥片程度很高, 剥片程序复杂。高比例各类石片的存在揭示该发掘区位于一石器制造场内, 反映出该遗址古人类石器制作工序的行为片段, 与百色盆地旧石器遗址中常见的大型工具的制作存在密切联系。     

百色盆地六林岭旧石器遗址试掘报告

本文是对2018年广西百色六林岭旧石器遗址试掘结果的报道。试掘共开7个探方（面积28 m²）和1条探沟,可见9层堆积,从两个层位共获得石制品182件（其中地层出土40件,采集142件）。虽然两个文化层石制品在埋藏和保存状况上存在明显差异,但属于同一个技术传统。石制品分为备料、石锤、石核、石片、断块和石器;石器包括砍砸器、手镐和刮削器。在第一文化层发现了与石制品伴生的玻璃陨石碎片,初步推测其年代为803 kaBP,尚不排除二次堆积的可能;第二文化层在第一文化层之下,年代要早于第一文化层,表明古人类在百色盆地持续活动了相当长的一段时间;两个文化层显示出不同的沉积环境,表明古人类在百色盆地生存环境的复杂性和多样性。