一种新病毒——兔出血症病毒的鉴定初报

从我国新发生的一种家兔急性败血性传染病死兔内脏抽提物中,观察到典型的病毒粒子,回归兔可引起典型发病,再从病死兔内脏回收到同样病毒,证明该病系病毒性传染病,暂定名为“兔病毒性出血症”,病原暂定为“兔出血症病毒”。经初步鉴定,认为本病毒可能是一种首次发现的新病毒,属双股RNA病毒。但从病毒大小和核酸节段看,又不同于呼肠病毒科。最终归属正在进一步研究。     

用对流电泳提纯兔出血症病毒

兔出血症病毒（ＲＨＤＶ）在ｐＨ８．６的琼脂糖凝胶上电泳,在负极侧有一血凝峰,免疫电镜观察有大硅ＲＨＤＶ颗粒,证实ＲＨＤＶ病毒粒子带正电荷。利用这一特性可用对流电泳提纯病毒。将抗体与病毒颗粒形成的沉淀带切下,作ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ,经免疫转印出现６条区带,其中６０ｋＤ的ＶＰ_１为主要结构多肽。用免疫复合物提取核酸,以狄高辛标记制成探针,能与病毒核酸和克隆的ＲＨＤＶｃＤＮＡ２．２ｋｂ片段和４．８ｋｂ片段杂交,探针灵敏度达ｐｇ水平。能用病毒核酸作模板制备探针,证实ＲＨＤＶ的核酸为ＤＮＡ。     

兔出血症病毒的某些物理化学性质

1984年,江苏无锡地区家兔暴发流行一种新的急性传染病。病死率高于90％,抗菌素治疗无效。随后国内其它一些地区也相继发生。 对病兔的肝、肺悬液做电镜检查,发现了许多近球形的病毒颗粒。用此悬液接种易感     

一株兔出血症病毒2型毒株的分离鉴定

[背景]我国于2020年4月突发兔出血症病毒2型(Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2,RHDV2)疫情,严重威胁兔养殖业和生态平衡,而且目前国内对RHDV2的病原学以及遗传特征等基础研究匮乏.[目的]分离鉴定RHDV2毒株,对分离株进行全基因测序与遗传进化分析.[方法]对成都某兔场疑似...     

兔出血症病毒结构多肽分析

粗提病毒经Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ层析后,获得纯化的兔出血症病毒（ＲＨＤＶ）。提纯病毒经过ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ经考马斯亮蓝染色显示Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｆ和Ｇ７条多肽,凝胶扫描显示Ａ为ＲＨＤＶ主要结构多肽。用多抗和单抗作免疫转印分析,证实Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ、和Ｇ为结构多肽,此６条结构多肽间的抗原关系十分密切。     

兔出血症病毒四个分离株的病毒多肽和血清学关系研究

使用PEG-DS两相系统和超离心提纯的兔出血症病毒(RHDV)四个分离株病毒,再经Sepharose 4B柱层析进一步提纯后,得到较纯的病毒粒子,回收率可达70％以上。应用常规双向免疫扩散试验,交叉血凝抑制试验和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对四个不同地区分离株间的血清学关系进行了比较研究。结果表明实验中的四个分离株病毒均属同一血清型。SDS-PAGE结果表明,这四个分离株病毒均含有四条多肽,分子量为28—64KD。各株病毒多肽的分子量和各多肽在病毒粒子总蛋白中所占比例略有差异。因此四个分离株的RHDV在蛋白结构上可能存在地区差异。     

兔出血症病毒体外复制的研究

在几种动物细胞上,采用同步感染的方法研究了兔出血症病毒(RHDV)的复制特性。病毒感染细胞后(PI)48—72小时可观察到明显的细胞病变,血凝效价可增高5—10倍。病毒对细胞传代代数不同,敏感性也不同。在兔婴肾(RK)和兔婴肺(RL)细胞上以4—8代最为敏感。采用免疫荧光染色法,经病毒感染48—72小时的细胞中可观察到特异性荧光。细胞增殖的病毒经PEG-DS浓缩,Sepharose 4B柱层析提纯后,在电镜下可观察到完整的病毒粒子,将此病毒回接健康实验兔可致100％死亡。免疫双扩散和免疫电泳试验表明,细胞增殖的病毒抗原与来自病兔肝的RHDV抗血清之间产生明显的沉淀带。SDS-PAGE分析病毒获得四条多肽,其分子量大小与病兔肝组织提取的病毒蛋白多肽分子量相比略有差异。     

兔出血症病毒与细小病毒抗原相关性试验

用间接ELISA、ELISA交叉阻断法和交叉血凝抑制试验对兔出血症病毒(RHDV)与6种细小病毒进行抗原相关性试验。用间接ELISA证实,RFIDV与它们有轻度交叉关系,其抗原相关值分别为:小鼠细小病毒(MVM)5.59％;鹅细小病毒(GPV)3.54％;猪细小病毒(PPV)1.76％;水貂肠炎病毒0.7％。细小病毒间的抗原相关值:MEV与PPV为31.6％,MEV与MVM为35.36％;而CPV与MEM、PPV、MVM的相关值均为零,即无相关性。在ELISA交叉阻断法中证实:犬细小病毒(CPV)、猫泛白细胞减少症病毒(FPV)和MEV均不能阻断RHDV与其抗体结合,仅GPV有轻度阻断作用,其最大阻断率为40％。在血凝交叉抑制试验中,未发现RHDV与细小病毒及其相应抗体间存在交叉抑制现象。以上结果表明RHDV与细小病毒在血清学方面有轻度相关性。     

兔出血症病毒衣壳蛋白基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

将RHDVVP60基因插入酵母转移载体pPICZB中转化毕赤酵母菌GS115株 ,经筛选获得染色体基因组中整合入VP60基因的重组酵母菌。以甲醇诱导培养后经SDS-PAGE和Westernblot检测表达产物 ,在60kD处出现一特异蛋白条带 ,表明RHDV的衣壳蛋白得到了成功表达。血凝试验表明 ,表达的重组蛋白具有血凝特性 ,可以凝集人“O”型红细胞 ,血凝价达 2.8,同时 ,该血凝性可被抗RHDV的高免血清所抑制。经电镜观察 ,重组酵母表达的衣壳蛋白可以在酵母菌体内自聚成大小约4.0nm ,和天然RHDV病毒子在物理形态上类似的病毒样颗粒 (VLPs)。该病毒样颗粒与兔抗RHDV高免血清作用后可被凝集成团 ,表明该VLPs与天然RHDV在抗原性上也极为相似。     

Molecular epidemiology of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus in Australia: when one became many

Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) was introduced into Australia in 1995 as a biological control agent against the wild European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). We evaluated its evolution over a 16‐year period (1995–2011) by examining 50 isolates collected throughout Australia, as well as the original inoculum strains. Phylogenetic analysis of capsid protein VP60 sequences of the Australian isolates, compared with those sampled globally, revealed that they form a monophyletic group with the inoculum strains (CAPM V‐351 and RHDV351INOC). Strikingly, despite more than 3000 rereleases of RHDV351INOC since 1995, only a single viral lineage has sustained its transmission in the long‐term, indicative of a major competitive advantage. In addition, we find evidence for widespread viral gene flow, in which multiple lineages entered individual geographic locations, resulting in a marked turnover of viral lineages with time, as well as a continual increase in viral genetic diversity. The rate of RHDV evolution recorded in Australia ?4.0 (3.3–4.7) × 10^?3 nucleotide substitutions per site per year – was higher than previously observed in RHDV, and evidence for adaptive evolution was obtained at two VP60 residues. Finally, more intensive study of a single rabbit population (Turretfield) in South Australia provided no evidence for viral persistence between outbreaks, with genetic diversity instead generated by continual strain importation.     

兔出血症病毒主要结构多肽的氨基酸分析

兔出血症病毒主要结构多肽的氨基酸分析王恒安,杜念兴,徐为燕（南京农业大学,南京２１００９５）关键词兔出血症病毒,结构多肽,氨基酸分析有关兔出血症病毒（ＲＨＤＶ）结构多肽的报道很多,有认为只有１条,有报道４条的,也有报道多达６条的。但其主要结构多肽为分...     

Changes in RNA Synthesis and Messenger RNA Content in the Cerebellum of Rats with Graft Versus Host Disease

Cerebellar RNA accumulation, synthesis, and functional capacity was studied in 14-day-old F1 hybrid rats subjected to neonatally induced graft versus host disease (GVHD). There was a decrease in RNA synthetic rate as measured by the uptake of labeled precursors into RNA. The decrease in total cerebellar RNA synthesis was reflected both in a reduced amount of Nissl substance, visible in cresyl violet-stained 10-micron-thick sections of cerebella, and in the total amount of cytoplasmic RNA isolated from individual cerebella from diseased animals compared with control littermates. Analysis of the RNA translational capacity in wheat germ protein synthesizing systems showed that RNA from experimental animals was also biologically less active. Qualitative differences between protein populations in control and diseased animals were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. There were few alterations in the steady state levels of cerebellar protein. However, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the peptides synthesized in vitro by RNA from control and diseased animals showed that there were several changes in the relative abundance of some mRNAs between the two RNA populations. These data show that the cerebellar RNA from rats with GVHD differs both qualitatively and quantitatively from that of controls.