胶原/纤维蛋白止血效果观察

目的研究胶原/纤维蛋白对新西兰兔的止血作用,并与胶原蛋白海绵止血效果作比较。方法选用胶原/纤维蛋白止血贴,对新西兰兔耳部动、静脉出血、耳表创面、股动脉割伤、肝损伤、体表创面进行止血试验,同时与胶原蛋白海绵止血效果作比较,观察其止血时间、失血量、敷料与创面的粘合等情况,并定期观察创面愈合、体内吸收和抗炎情况。结果胶原/纤维蛋白复合止血贴组、胶原蛋白海绵组新西兰兔耳动、静脉、耳表创面、股动脉割伤、标准肝创伤的止血时间与对照组比较,差异显著（P〈0.05）。胶原/纤维蛋白复合止血贴组新西兰兔耳动、静脉、耳表创面的止血时间与胶原蛋白海绵组,差异显著（P〈0.05）。胶原/纤维蛋白复合止血贴组、胶原蛋白海绵组动物的耳表创面、标准肝创伤失血量与对照组比较,差异显著（P〈0.05）。体内标准肝创伤、体表创伤后期观察,胶原/纤维蛋白复合止血贴与胶原蛋白海绵均能在21d内完全吸收,未见炎症反应。结论胶原/纤维蛋白复合止血贴对新西兰兔耳动脉割伤、耳静脉割伤、耳标创伤、股动脉割伤和标准肝损伤模型都具有明显的止血作用,体表创面伤口恢复良好,体内吸收速度快,具有一定的抗炎作用,而且在新西兰兔耳动脉、耳静脉割伤和耳表创伤的止血效果明显优于胶原蛋白海绵。胶原/纤维蛋白复合止血贴是一种较安全有效的局部止血生物材料。     

重组人源性胶原蛋白的制备及表征

为了获得可实现工业化生产的重组人源性胶原蛋白,根据人I型胶原蛋白Gly-X-Y序列,优选亲水性的Gly-X-Y胶原肽段设计人源性胶原蛋白氨基酸序列及对应的核苷酸序列,利用酶切技术构建pPIC9K-COL表达载体,电转化毕赤酵母获得人源性胶原蛋白毕赤酵母工程菌,并对其进行发酵罐发酵、纯化及鉴定。结果显示,获得表达量达4.5 g/L,纯度大于95%的人源性胶原蛋白,经氨基酸N端测序、分子量测定、氨基酸分析及胶原酶降解试验,确定获得的蛋白与理论的人源性胶原蛋白一级结构一致;同时胶原经冷冻干燥后进行扫描电镜分析及细胞毒性试验,确定人源性胶原蛋白冻干品具有多孔纤维网状结构及优良的细胞相容性,预示其具备作为生物医学材料的潜质。     

原子力显微镜研究UV-B对I型胶原结构的影响

利用原子力显微镜(AFM)成像技术观察胶原蛋白溶液在UV-B照射前后形态的变化,发现UV-B引起胶原纤维交联度的增加,当交联达一定程度后,照射时间的增加对交联度增加的影响不明显。AFM作为一种高分辨的表面分析仪器,为分子生物学领域的研究提供了一种新的手段。是探讨胶原光作用机理直观、有效的方法。     

虫白蜡基复方药膏的制备及促进小鼠皮肤创伤愈合的药效评价

为研制一种以虫白蜡和高级烷醇为基质的促愈复方药膏,以昆明小鼠为实验对象进行创伤造模,通过愈合率计算、组织学观察、体外抗菌试验、二甲苯致炎、热板和冰醋酸致痛等试验对复方药膏的促愈效果、抑菌性、抗炎作用、镇痛作用和皮肤刺激性等进行检测,并与目前治疗创伤常用的西药和中药膏剂进行对照。结果显示,创面形成后第13天,虫白蜡复方药膏组创面几乎痊愈,愈合率为98. 04%,而空白对照组愈合效果不明显,愈合率仅为52. 08%,阳性对照组愈合率分别为80. 28%、85. 98%;虫白蜡复方药膏可促进肉芽组织和胶原纤维增生,减少炎性细胞浸润,对金黄色葡萄球菌和藤黄八叠球菌有抑制作用;虫白蜡复方药膏对二甲苯致炎的抑制率大于30%,其肿胀度与空白对照组相比有极显著性差异(P 0. 01);热板法致痛试验中,给药后30 min,虫白蜡复方药膏组的痛阈值显著高于空白对照组(P 0. 055),注入冰醋酸致痛后,虫白蜡复方药膏组小鼠扭体次数极显著地低于空白对照组(P 0. 01),且低于阳性对照组,对皮肤刺激的平均反应值均0. 400。结果说明虫白蜡复方药膏对小鼠创伤有明显的促愈作用,且愈合速度明显优于阳性对照组,有良好的抗菌性、抗炎和镇痛作用,对皮肤几乎无刺激性,具有较强的安全性,为创伤用药的筛选提供新思路,拓宽了白蜡和高级烷醇的应用范围。     

高效液相色谱法制备Ⅰ型胶原蛋白及其性质研究

从猪皮中分离纯化I型胶原蛋白,并对其部分性质进行研究。采用粗提法,高效液相色谱半制备法进行分离纯化,用分析型高效液相色谱检测纯度,同时对其理化性质进行鉴定,并对所提取的胶原进行全身急性毒性试验及皮肤致敏试验。高效液相色谱测定结果显示所得样品为一单峰,理化性质测定结果符合I型胶原蛋白特征;通过整体水平的安全性评价,表明该方法提取的I型胶原蛋白具有较大的安全性和可靠性。因此,用高效液相色谱可制得高纯度且具有良好生物安全性的I型胶原蛋白。     

高效液相色谱法制备Ⅰ型胶原蛋白及其性质研究

从猪皮中分离纯化Ⅰ型胶原蛋白,并对其部分性质进行研究。采用粗提法,高效液相色谱半制备法进行分离纯化,用分析型高效液相色谱检测纯度,同时对其理化性质进行鉴定,并对所提取的胶原进行全身急性毒性试验及皮肤致敏试验。高效液相色谱测定结果显示所得样品为一单峰,理化性质测定结果符合Ⅰ型胶原蛋白特征;通过整体水平的安全性评价,表明该方法提取的Ⅰ型胶原蛋白具有较大的安全性和可靠性。因此,用高效液相色谱可制得高纯度且具有良好生物安全性的Ⅰ型胶原蛋白。     

重组人源胶原蛋白对激光损伤小鼠皮肤修复作用及机制研究

本研究旨在观察重组人源胶原蛋白(recombinant human collagen,r-hc)对小鼠皮肤激光损伤的修复作用,初步探索其作用机制。应用458~514 nm激光照射小鼠背部皮肤制作皮肤损伤模型,将r-hc外涂于创伤皮肤,剂量为8 mg/mL(生理盐水配制),每天涂抹1次,连续给药14 d。分别于给药后1、4、7、14 d用双光子显微镜收集二次谐波(second harmonic generation,SHG)信号检测伤口真皮中的胶原纤维,并进行常规HE染色,观察伤口局部的病理学改变。体外试验检测r-hc对人皮肤角质形成细胞和成纤维细胞增殖活力的影响,计算细胞存活率。在小鼠模型上显示,与对照组相比,r-hc可明显加速伤口的愈合,缩短伤口愈合时间; SHG显示r-hc能够促进创伤局部胶原的产生;体外试验也显示它有促进人皮肤成纤维细胞和角质形成细胞增殖的能力。由此可见,r-hc(8 mg/mL)对小鼠激光损伤皮肤有修复作用,可能是通过促进表皮角质细胞和真皮成纤维细胞的增殖,促进胶原的沉积而发挥修复作用的。     

胶原蛋白的开发与应用研究进展

胶原蛋白(collagen)是一类哺乳动物细胞外基质中的主要结构蛋白,广泛地存在于皮肤、骨骼、肌肉等组织中,主要参与细胞的增殖、分化、迁移和信号传递等生理生化行为,对组织细胞等起着支撑、修复、保护的作用。由于胶原蛋白具有良好的生物学特性,其在组织工程、临床医学、食品工业、包装材料、化妆品、医学美容、生物材料以及医疗器械等方面都有着广泛的应用。本文综述了胶原蛋白的生物学特性及其在国内外生物工程研究开发中的研究进展,并对胶原蛋白未来开发的前景进行了展望。     

微生物胶原酶

某些微生物可以分泌微生物胶原酶。微生物胶原酶具有和脊椎动物胶原酶相似的生物学作用 ,可以降解细胞外基质的主要成分—胶原 ,其活性依赖于Ca2 + 等二价金属阳离子。但微生物胶原酶又具有许多不同于脊椎动物胶原酶的生物学特性。它不仅可以降解天然不溶性胶原纤维 ,也可以降解变性的可溶性胶原蛋白、人工合成的胶原酶底物以及其它细胞外基质糖蛋白。越来越多的研究表明 ,微生物胶原酶在一些微生物致病过程中起重要作用 ,是某些微生物的重要毒力因子。而且微生物胶原酶也被越来越广泛地应用于生命科学基础研究和临床某些疾病治疗 ,具有极为广阔的应用前景。     

胶原聚集体及其聚集行为研究进展

胶原是生物体重要的结构蛋白,具有良好的生物相容性、可降解性、低免疫原性、止血性和促细胞生长等生物特性,被广泛地应用到生物医学材料、食品、化妆品和药品等领域。胶原的聚集行为是影响胶原产品质量的重要因素,是胶原生产过程中急需解决的科学技术问题。总结了近年来胶原聚集行为的研究进展,着重介绍了胶原聚集行为和胶原聚集体、胶原聚集体结构对其生物学功能的影响、胶原聚集行为的影响因素、胶原聚集行为检测技术以及胶原聚集体的应用,以期为胶原产品的开发提供新思路。     

Identification of the depth of burn injury by collagen stainability

Heat-denatured collagen in burned skin stains red instead of blue in Masson's trichrome stain. This change in stainability corresponds to the loss of birefringence in slides examined in polarized light. The depth of the abnormal staining of the skin slices was proportional to the time and temperature of the heat exposure. It is concluded that the change in collagen stainability from blue to red relates to the loss of crystallinity or parallel alignment of the collagen fibers. It is further proposed that change in the stainability of collagen in the burns could be used to delineate the depth of the thermal skin injury or the effectiveness of the surgical excision or debridement of the wound by dressing materials.     

Evidence That Mast Cells Are Not Required for Healing of Splinted Cutaneous Excisional Wounds in Mice

Wound healing is a complex biological process involving the interaction of many cell types to replace lost or damaged tissue. Although the biology of wound healing has been extensively investigated, few studies have focused on the role of mast cells. In this study, we investigated the possible role of mast cells in wound healing by analyzing aspects of cutaneous excisional wound healing in three types of genetically mast cell-deficient mice. We found that C57BL/6-Kit^W-sh/W-sh, WBB6F₁-Kit^W/W-v, and Cpa3-Cre; Mcl-1^fl/fl mice re-epithelialized splinted excisional skin wounds at rates very similar to those in the corresponding wild type or control mice. Furthermore, at the time of closure, scars were similar in the genetically mast cell-deficient mice and the corresponding wild type or control mice in both quantity of collagen deposition and maturity of collagen fibers, as evaluated by Masson’s Trichrome and Picro-Sirius red staining. These data indicate that mast cells do not play a significant non-redundant role in these features of the healing of splinted full thickness excisional cutaneous wounds in mice.     

Cross-linked collagen sponges loaded with plant polyphenols with inhibitory activity towards chronic wound enzymes

Collagen sponges loaded with polyphenols from Hamamelis virginiana were investigated as active materials for chronic wound dressings, evaluating in vitro the inhibition of two major enzymes that impair the wound healing process - myeloperoxidase (MPO) and collagenase. Prior to polyphenols loading, collagen was cross-linked with genipin to improve its biostability. The effect of genipin cross-linking and polyphenol concentration in the development of mechanically and enzymatically stable sponges was studied. The tensile strength of the cross-linked collagen increased with the increase of the cross-linking degree, coupled to decrease in the elongation and the swelling capacity of the sponges. The stability of the sponges to collagenase digestion reached maximum when 1 mM genipin was used. However, the biostability decreased more than 10-fold after loading the sponges with polyphenols (0.5 mg/mL), nevertheless, this effect was partially overcome using higher concentration of polyphenols (1 and 2 mg/mL) to inhibit collagenase. Moreover, the polyphenols released from the sponges were sufficient for complete inhibition of MPO activity. No considerable cytotoxicity of the genipin cross-linked collagen loaded with polyphenols was observed evaluating the NIH 3T3 fibroblasts viability.     

An in situ collagen-HA hydrogel system promotes survival and preserves the proangiogenic secretion of hiPSC-derived vascular smooth muscle cells

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (hiPSC-VSMCs) with proangiogenic properties have huge therapeutic potential. While hiPSC-VSMCs have already been utilized for wound healing using a biomimetic collagen scaffold, an in situ forming hydrogel mimicking the native environment of skin offers the promise of hiPSC-VSMC mediated repair and regeneration. Herein, the impact of a collagen type-I-hyaluronic acid (HA) in situ hydrogel cross-linked using a polyethylene glycol-based cross-linker on hiPSC-VSMCs viability and proangiogenic paracrine secretion was investigated. Our study demonstrated increases in cell viability, maintenance of phenotype and proangiogenic growth factor secretion, and proangiogenic activity in response to the conditioned medium. The optimally cross-linked and functionalized collagen type-I/HA hydrogel system developed in this study shows promise as an in situ hiPSC-VSMC carrier system for wound regeneration.     

Novel Biodegradable Porous Scaffold Applied to Skin Regeneration

Skin wound healing is an important lifesaving issue for massive lesions. A novel porous scaffold with collagen, hyaluronic acid and gelatin was developed for skin wound repair. The swelling ratio of this developed scaffold was assayed by water absorption capacity and showed a value of over 20 g water/g dried scaffold. The scaffold was then degraded in time- and dose-dependent manners by three enzymes: lysozyme, hyaluronidase and collagenase I. The average pore diameter of the scaffold was 132.5±8.4 µm measured from SEM images. With human skin cells growing for 7 days, the SEM images showed surface fractures on the scaffold due to enzymatic digestion, indicating the biodegradable properties of this scaffold. To simulate skin distribution, the human epidermal keratinocytes, melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts were seeded on the porous scaffold and the cross-section immunofluorescent staining demonstrated normal human skin layer distributions. The collagen amount was also quantified after skin cells seeding and presented an amount 50% higher than those seeded on culture wells. The in vivo histological results showed that the scaffold ameliorated wound healing, including decreasing neutrophil infiltrates and thickening newly generated skin compared to the group without treatments.     

Influence of serum on adult and fetal dermal fibroblast migration adhesion, and collagen expression

Summary The wound healing response to injury can be affected by many factors such as cell migration and extracellular matrix elaboration. The objective of this study was to examine the serum- and age-dependent effects on cell migration, adhesion, and collagen expression by skin fibroblasts. Dermal fibroblasts were isolated and plated with and without serum for up to 7 d. Cell migration was determined by quantitative image analysis, adhesion was quantified using a centrifugation assay, and collagen expression was assessed by PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Both adult and fetal fibroblasts migrated significantly faster in serum-containing medium compared to serum-free medium. There was no significant difference in migration between the two cell types in either serum-containing or serum-free medium. There was no significant difference in adhesion in the presence of serum, although there was a greater faction of adherent fetal skin fibroblasts than adult fibroblasts in serum-free medium. Moreover, the adherent fraction of fetal fibroblasts in serum-free medium was not significantly different from that in serum-containing medium, suggesting that fetal skin fibroblasts possess serum-independent adhesion properties. Collagen mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in serum-free compared to serum-containing medium for both cell types. With respect to collagen immunohistochemistry, both dermal fibroblast populations exhibited greater type I collagen compared to type III collagen staining. Quantitative assessment of collagen staining indicated significantly enhanced type I collagen secretion in the presence of serum by fetal skin fibroblasts. These findings suggest that intrinsic cellular characteristics may govern the observed differences in adult and fetal wound healing.     

Histatin 1 enhanced the speed and quality of wound healing through regulating the behaviour of fibroblast

ObjectivesHistatin 1(Hst 1) has been proved to promote wound healing. However, there was no specific study on the regulation made by Hst 1 of fibroblasts in the process of wound healing. This research comprehensively studied the regulation of Hst 1 on the function of fibroblasts in the process of wound healing and preliminary mechanism about it.Materials and methodsThe full‐thickness skin wound model was made on the back of C57/BL6 mice. The wound healing, collagen deposition and fibroblast distribution were detected on days 3, 5 and 7 after injury. Fibroblast was cultured in vitro and stimulated with Hst 1, and then, their biological characteristics and functions were detected.ResultsHistatin 1 can effectively promote wound healing, improve collagen deposition during and after healing and increase the number and function of fibroblasts. After healing, the mechanical properties of the skin also improved. In vitro, the migration ability of fibroblasts stimulated by Hst 1 was significantly improved, and the fibroblasts transformed more into myofibroblasts, which improved the function of contraction and collagen secretion. In fibroblasts, mTOR signalling pathway can be activated by Hst 1.ConclusionsHistatin 1 can accelerate wound healing and improve the mechanical properties of healed skin by promoting the function of fibroblasts. The intermolecular mechanisms need to be further studied, and this study provides a direction about mTOR signalling pathway.     

GNPs-CS/KGM as Hemostatic First Aid Wound Dressing with Antibiotic Effect: In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Ideal wound dressing materials should create a good healing environment, with immediate hemostatic effects and antimicrobial activity. In this study, chitosan/konjac glucomannan (CS/KGM) films embedded with gentamicin-loaded poly(dex-GMA/AAc) nanoparticles (giving GNP-CS/KGM films) were prepared as novel wound dressings. The results revealed that the modified CS/KGM films could be used as effective wound dressings and had significant hemostatic effects. With their microporous structure, the films could effectively absorb water from blood and trap blood cells. The gentamicinloaded poly(dex-GMA/AAc) nanoparticles (GNPs) also further promoted blood clotting, with their favorable water uptake capacity. Thus, the GNP-CS/KGM films had wound healing and synergistic effects that helped to stop bleeding from injuries, and also showed good antibiotic abilities by addition of gentamicin to the NPs. These GNPCS/KGM films can be considered as promising novel biodegradable and biocompatible wound dressings with hemostatic capabilities and antibiotic effects for treatment of external bleeding injuries.     

Promotive effects of far-infrared ray on full-thickness skin wound healing in rats

The biological effects of far-infrared ray (FIR) on whole organisms remain poorly understood. The aim of our study was to investigate not only the hyperthermic effect of the FIR irradiation, but also the biological effects of FIR on wound healing. To evaluate the effect of FIR on a skin wound site, the speed of full-thickness skin wound healing was compared among groups with and without FIR using a rat model. We measured the skin wound area, skin blood flow, and skin temperature before and during FIR irradiation, and we performed histological inspection. Wound healing was significantly more rapid with than without FIR. Skin blood flow and skin temperature did not change significantly before or during FIR irradiation. Histological findings revealed greater collagen regeneration and infiltration of fibroblasts that expressed transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in wounds in the FIR group than in the group without FIR. Stimulation of the secretion of TGF-beta1 or the activation of fibroblasts may be considered as a possible mechanisms for the promotive effect of FIR on wound healing independent of skin blood flow and skin temperature.     

克氏原螯虾幼体及亚成体对中华鳖的趋避行为

【背景】在我国,克氏原螯虾是一种外来入侵水生生物,已经对入侵地的生态环境造成严重的破坏。【方法】在Y形水迷宫中,研究有经验和无经验的幼体及亚成体克氏原螯虾对中华鳖的趋避行为。【结果】幼虾无论是否有经验都会显著回避中华鳖,降低外倾性;而亚成体虾对中华鳖的反应不及幼虾灵敏。【结论与意义】2种不同发育阶段的外来入侵物种克氏原螯虾均会回避土著物种中华鳖,为外来入侵生物防治和动物行为学及相关研究提供了参考。