共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 18 毫秒
1.
2.
The ability of 17 inorganic compounds (POCl3, PSC13, PC13, P2O5, P2S5, P4S3, P4S7, PC15, Sb2O5, As2O5, BiOC12, SeOC12, SO2C12, Sb2S5, VOC12, SiC14 and CrO2Cl2) dissolved in pyridine or 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane, to enhance subsequent staining of tissue components with toluidine blue, phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH), leukofuchsin, and dihydroxydinaphthyl-disulfide (DDD) was studied. Eight of these compounds were also tested for ability to enhance staining with Alcian blue 8GN and Luxol fast blue MBS. Nine of the 17 compounds produced increased staining of certain tissue components with leukofuchsin, 13 with toluidine blue, 16 with PTAH, and 16 with DDD. The results suggest additional approaches to identification of tissue entities by induced metachromatic basophilia and leukofuchsin positivity as well as by the other stains studied, and also suggest a number of hitherto unstudied modes of reaction between the dyes used and reactive groups of tissue components. Many reactions of the compounds tested, with reactive groups known to be present in tissue components, are basecatalyzed, so that choice of solvent can influence the results obtained. 相似文献
3.
R. D. Lillie 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》1942,17(3):97-110
The action of K2Cr2O7, Ag2O, KMnO4, HgO and NaIO3 in polychroming methylene blue is explored. The last two have no action in neutral or acid methylene blue solutions. With the other three reagents the amount of polychroming, as measured by the shift in the absorption spectrum, is roughly proportional to the amount of oxidant used. Various lots of methylene blue produce similar products with similar proportions of K2Cr2O7. With similar quantities of this reagent similar products are produced by polychroming at 100°, 80°, 70° or 60° C. At 100° C. the action of K2Cr2O7 or of Ag2O appears to be completed in 15 minutes. In K2Cr2O7 polychroming, H2SO4 can be substituted for HCl, and subsequent BaCO3 neutralization removes the salts formed and prevents accidental alkali polychroming. K2Cr2O7 polychroming produces products with narrower absorption bands than alkali polychroming. 相似文献
4.
Maillet's OsO4-ZnI2 fixation staining can be combined with a subsequent counterstaining by Alcian blue or aldehyde fuchsin to demonstrate neurosecretory cells in addition to cytological details of the nerve tissue. This technic has been applied to various annelids: Eisenia foetida (Oligochaeta), Erpobdella octoculata (Achaeta) and Nereis diversicolor (Polychaeta). The material is fixed in a 1:4 mixture of 2% OsO4 and 3% ZnI2 for 15 nr, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 μ and the sections alternatively mounted on two glass slides. One of these is oxidized by a solution of 0.3% KMnO4 acidified by 0.6% H2SO4 and counterstained with 1% Alcian blue, pH 0.2, the other one is mounted in balsam. The two preparations may then be compared to locate the neurosecretory cells among the other neurons shown on a slide treated only by the OsO4-ZnI2. Secretory cells are not stained by Maillet's reagent; except for their Golgi bodies and their cellular and nuclear membranes. The zone of grains which is generally strongly stained by the Alcian blue takes a yellowish hue from the OsO4-ZnI2 fixation. This method could be successfully applied to the histological controls in regeneration experiments. In these last ones, we must simultaneously observe the regeneration of the nervous fibres and the possibility of intervention of neurosecretory elements. 相似文献
5.
M. N. Papamiltiades 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》1961,36(4):241-246
(1) The oil mass consists of: cedar oil, 1; color in oil (a paint pigment, e.g., Prussian blue), 1; and toluene, 2, parts by volume. To use, add 1 ml of diethyl ether to each 10 ml of mass, mix thoroughly and inject into the fresh organ with a very fine glass or metallic needle. Heat the organ in water at 50-60° C before starting the injection, massage gently after injection, then fix. For macroscopic studies, fix 5 days in 5% formalin, and dissect. For microscopic studies, fix at least 5 days in: formalin, 10 ml; Al2(SO4)3, 2 gm; ZnSO4, 2 gm; acetic acid, 4 ml; and distilled water, 90 ml. Dehydrate with dioxane, embed in paraffin and section at 10-20 μ. Stain with hematoxylin-eosin or with one of the following modifications of Van Gieson's formula: 1. 1% acid fuchsin, 10; picric acid (sat. aq.), 50; and 5% ZnSO4, 40 volumes. 2. 1% acid fuchsin, 20; picric acid (sat. aq.), 80; and 5% CoSO4, 40 volumes.
(2) The plastic mass consists of a 5-10% solution of Rhodopas (a vinyl copolymer) in acetone. Injection is made as with the oil mass except that a plastic squeeze-bottle and glass needle is preferable to a syringe. Indirect injection is used for both procedures, i.e., into the organ substance; not into a cannulated lymphatic vessel. After the plastic has hardened (24 hr), the unfixed tissue is subjected to corrosion by 5-10% NaOH in water. 相似文献
(2) The plastic mass consists of a 5-10% solution of Rhodopas (a vinyl copolymer) in acetone. Injection is made as with the oil mass except that a plastic squeeze-bottle and glass needle is preferable to a syringe. Indirect injection is used for both procedures, i.e., into the organ substance; not into a cannulated lymphatic vessel. After the plastic has hardened (24 hr), the unfixed tissue is subjected to corrosion by 5-10% NaOH in water. 相似文献
6.
Abstract: The regulatory role of A2A adenosine receptors in P2 purinoceptor-mediated calcium signaling was investigated in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. When PC12 cells were treated with 2- p -(2-carboxyethyl)-phenethylamino-5'- N -ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS-21680), a specific agonist of the A2A adenosine receptor, the extracellular ATP-evoked rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ) was inhibited by 20%. Both intracellular calcium release and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production evoked by ATP were not affected by CGS-21680 treatment. However, ATP-evoked Ca2+ influx was inhibited following CGS-21680 stimulation. The CGS-21680-mediated inhibition occurred independently of nifedipine-induced inhibition of the [Ca2+ ]i rise. The CGS-21680-induced inhibition was completely blocked by reactive blue 2. The CGS-21680 effect was mimicked by forskolin and dibutyryl-cyclic AMP and blocked by Rp -adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate, a protein kinase A inhibitor, or by staurosporine, a general kinase inhibitor. The data suggest that in PC12 cells activation of A2A adenosine receptors leads to inhibition of P2 purinoceptor-mediated Ca2+ influx through ATP-gated cation channels and involves protein kinase A. 相似文献
7.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (3',5'-cyclic nucleotide nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.17) activity isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Limberg seedlings was partially purified and characterized by fractional (NH4 )2 SO4 precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, chromatography on 3',5'-cAMP-agarose, gel permeation chromatography and chromatofocusing. A crude enzyme preparation, a 30–65% (NH4 )2 SO4 pellet, showed an acidic pH optimum. The enzyme activity was stimulated by imidazole and divalent cations such as Ca2+ , Mg2+ and Mn2+ , whereas NaF, PPi and Fe3+ were inhibitory. Isobutylmethylxanthine had no significant effect on the plant enzyme. An MI of 42 000 was estimated by gel permeation high performance liquid chromatography. By chromatography on 3',5'-cAMP-agarose a phosphodiesterase was resolved that produced 5'-AMP as sole reaction product. 相似文献
8.
Tae-Ju Park Sungkwon Chung †Myung Kwan Han †Uh-Hyun Kim Kyong-Tai Kim 《Journal of neurochemistry》1998,71(3):1251-1260
Abstract: The role of the A2A adenosine receptor in regulating voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) was investigated in PC12 cells. Ca2+ influx induced by membrane depolarization with 70 m M K+ could be inhibited with CGS21680, an A2A receptor-specific agonist. Both L- and N-type VSCCs were inhibited by CGS21680 treatment. Effects of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists indicate that the typical A2A receptor mediates inhibition of VSCCs. Cholera toxin (CTX) treatment for 24 h completely eliminated the CGS21680 potency. Similar inhibitory effects on VSCCs were obtained by membrane-permeable activators of protein kinase A (PKA). These effects were blocked by Rp -adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate, a PKA inhibitor. The data suggest that activation of the A2A receptor leads to inhibition of VSCCs via a CTX-sensitive G protein and PKA. ATP pretreatment caused a reduction in subsequent rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration induced by 70 m M K+ , presumably by inactivation of VSCCs. Simultaneous treatment with ATP and CGS21680 produced significantly greater inhibition of VSCCs than treatment with CGS21680 or ATP alone. Furthermore, the CGS21680-induced inhibition of VSCCs was not affected by the presence of reactive blue 2. CGS21680 still significantly inhibited ATP-evoked Ca2+ influx without VSCC activity after cobalt or 70 m M K+ pretreatment. These data suggest that the A2A receptor-sensitive VSCCs differ from those activated by ATP treatment. Although A2A receptors induce inhibition of VSCCs as well as ATP-induced Ca2+ influx, the two inhibitory effects are clearly distinct from each other. 相似文献
9.
Safranin is diazotized by using the customary molar ratio—dye, 1:HCl, 3:NaNO2l. Partly oxidized NaNO2 can be used, if necessary, by increasing the concentration of its solution enough to cause the normal color change from red to deep blue to occur within 2 min after adding the NaNO2. To avoid carrying over excess HNO2 into the alkaline coupling solution, 1 ml of 3% alcoholic urea solution (30 mg) is added for each milliliter excess of 1 N NaNO2 used. Any free HNO2 remaining at the end of the diazotization period produces a deep blue violet on starch-KI paper. Prolonged acid washing may be applied after coupling to decolorize cationic dye staining or triazenes. Na2S2O4, TiCl3 or SnCl2 may be used to bleach true azo colorations. This decolorization is not limited to newly formed azo compounds with tissue. 相似文献
10.
Plant growth and adaptation to cold and freezing temperatures in a CO2 -enriched atmosphere have received little attention despite their predicted effects on plant distribution and productivity. In this study we looked at the interaction between elevated CO2 and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.). First-year seedlings were grown under controlled conditions in an atmosphere enriched in CO2 (70 Pa) for one simulated growth season. We measured shoot growth, registered the timing of growth cessation and bud set, measured needle net photosynthetic rate, and determined needle carbohydrate concentration (fructose+pinitol, glucose, sucrose, inositol, raffinose and starch). Freezing tolerance (LT50 ) was determined after exposing whole seedlings to temperatures ranging from −6.5 to −36.0°C and scoring for visual needle browning. Elevated CO2 did not affect height growth or the timing of growth cessation and bud set. The only statistically significant effects of CO2 treatment were on seedling dry weight, percent dry matter and starch content. During the three weeks after growth cessation and bud set, freezing tolerance increased from −10 to −35°C, and there was a marked increase in all soluble sugars except inositol. However, neither freezing tolerance nor the concentration of soluble sugars was significantly influenced by elevated CO2 . 相似文献
11.
A double embedding technique for tangential sectioning of hair and wool fibres is as follows: The cleaned fibre bundle is attached to a U-shaped, 16 gauge, tinned-copper wire frame with collodion adhesive, soaked in 6% nitrocellulose for 1 hr, and treated with chloroform for 2 hr. The hardened bundle is then cut fom the wire support and embedded in paraffin-beeswax, 95:5. Sectioning is at 6-8 μ. The use of 2% orange G or saturated aqueous picric acid for quantitative study of the fibres, and the demonstration of wool fibre cortical fractions by staining with polychrome methylene blue after oxidation of the sectioned fibres in a solution of formic acid (98/100 w/v) 25 ml; distilled water, 65 ml; and H2O2 (30% w/v), 10 ml, for 1 hr, is recommended. 相似文献
12.
Effect of sink size on photosynthesis and carbohydrate content of leaves of three spring wheat varieties 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
R. Martínez-Carraseo E. Cervantes P. Pérez R. Morcuende I. M. Martín del Molino 《Physiologia plantarum》1993,89(3):453-459
Effects of CO2 on stomatal movements of Commelina communis L. were studied with plants, epidermal strips and guard cell protoplasts. With plants, the stomatal response induced by a blue light pulse was studied for different ambient CO2 concentration ranging from CO2 -deprived air to 100 Pa in darkness or under red light. It was observed that the blue light response could be obtained not only under a red light background but also in darkness and CO2 -free air, the two responses being quite similar.
With epidermal strips, the effect of CO2 on ferricyanide reductase activity at the guard cell plasmalemma was studied by transmission electron microscopy. In the presence of ferric ions, reduced ferricyanide gives an electron dense precipitate of Prussian Blue. In darkness and air, no precipitate was observed. In darkness and CO2 -free air as well as under light and normal air, a precipitate was found along the plasmalemma of the guard cells, indicating a ferricyanide reductase activity. With guard cell protoplasts suspended in a medium either in equilibrium with air or in a CO2 -free medium the H+ extrusion induced by a blue light pulse added to a red light background was measured. A low CO2 content was obtained by adding photosynthetic algae to the suspension of guard cell protoplasts. In a CO2 -free medium the rate of H+ extrusion was enhanced.
The results are discussed on the basis of a possible competition for reducing power between CO2 fixation and a putative blue light dependent redox chain located on the plasma membrane. 相似文献
With epidermal strips, the effect of CO
The results are discussed on the basis of a possible competition for reducing power between CO
13.
Gamal A. R. Kamar 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》1959,34(1):5-7
A combined stain solution is made by dissolving 0.1 gm bromphenol blue and 0.2 gm nigrosin in 100 ml of a M/15 buffer solution of KH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 adjusted to pH 7.5. This staining solution was used to prepare stained fowl semen smears. Such smears give stable differentiation of live from dead sperms. The dead sperms are stained with a dark violet color while the live ones are not stained. 相似文献
14.
Abstract: The direct influence of l -3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3 ) on the development of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.4.37, CNPase) is demonstrated by using an in vitro culture system of dissociated embryonic mouse brain cells. Serum from a thyroidectomized calf, which contained low levels of T3 (31 ng/100 ml), and thyroxine, T4 (<1 μg/ml), was used in the culture medium in place of normal calf serum (T3 , 103 ng/100 ml; T4 , 5.7 μg/ml) to render the culture responsive to exogenously added T3 . The lower levels of enzyme activity observed in the presence of such a deficient medium could be restored to normal values by T3 supplementation. Half-maximal effect was obtained with 2.5 ± 10−9 m -T3 . Three days of hormone treatment resulted in the maximal stimulation of CNPase. T4 was less effective in inducing CNPase activity and the inactive analog of the hormone, reverse T3 (3,3',5'-T3 ) was ineffective. The morphological appearance of the cells was characterized by deformed (smaller size and less in number) reaggregates in the cultures, lacking hormone. 相似文献
15.
The involvement of phytochrome in stomatal movement in Commelina communis L. is indicated by the following observations: 1) Short irradiation with red or blue light causes opening, of isolated stomata and swelling of guard cell protoplasts. This is reversed by subsequent far red irradiation. 2) In a similar way, stomatal response to prolonged irradiation with red or blue light is decreased by concomitant far red irradiation. 3) Pretreatment with filipin, which interferes with phytochrome binding to membranes, decreases stomatal opening in red and blue light. The stomatal responses to blue and red light are modified by DCMU, N2 , CO2- enriched atmosphere, and CO2- free air, which are known to affect, among other processes, chlorophyll fluorescence. Increased chlorophyll fluorescence by DCMU, N2 and CO2 -enriched atmosphere enhanced stomatal opening in blue light and inhibited it in red light. CO2 -free air, which decreases chlorophyll fluorescence, had the opposite effect. 相似文献
16.
Yield of wheat across a subambient carbon dioxide gradient 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yields and yield components of two cultivars of day-neutral spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were assessed along a gradient of daytime carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentrations from about 200 to near 350 μmol CO2 (mol air)–1 in a 38 m-long controlled environment chamber. The range in CO2 concentration studied approximates that of Earth's atmosphere since the last ice age. This 75% rise in CO2 concentration increased grain yields more than 200% under well-watered conditions and by 80–150% when wheat was grown without additions of water during the last half of the 100-day growing season. The 27% increase in CO2 from the pre-industrial level of 150 years ago (275 μmol mol–1 ) to near the current concentration (350 μmol mol–1 ) increased grain yields of 'Yaqui 54' and 'Seri M82' spring wheats by 55% and 53%, respectively, under well-watered conditions. Yield increased because of greater numbers of grains per spike, rather than heavier grains or numbers of spikes per plant. Water use increased little with CO2 concentration, resulting in improved water use efficiency as CO2 rose. Data suggest that rising CO2 concentration contributed to the substantial increase in average wheat yields in the U.S. during recent decades. 相似文献
17.
Characterization of the Thyroid Hormone Transport System of Cerebrocortical Rat Neurons in Primary Culture 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Françoise Chantoux Jean-Paul Blondeau Jacques Francon 《Journal of neurochemistry》1995,65(6):2549-2554
Abstract: The uptake of 3',3,5-triiodo- l -thyronine (T3 ) and l -thyroxine (T4 ) by primary cultures derived from rat brain hemispheres was studied under initial velocity conditions, at 25°C. Uptake of both hormones was carrier mediated and obeyed simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The K m of T3 uptake was very similar to that of T4 , and did not vary significantly from day 1 to 4 in culture (310–400 n M ). The maximal velocity ( V max ) of T3 uptake nearly doubled between day 1 and 4 of culture (41 ± 3 vs. 70 ± 5 pmol/min/mg of DNA, respectively). The V max of T4 uptake did not change (28 ± 8 and 31 ± 4 pmol/min/mg of DNA on days 1 and 4, respectively). The rank order of unlabeled thyroid hormone analogues to compete with labeled T3 or T4 uptakes were the same (T3 > T4 > 3',5',3-triiodo- l -thyronine > 3',3,5-triiodo- d -thyronine > triiodothyroacetic acid), indicating that the transport system is stereospecific. Unlabeled T4 was a stronger competitor of labeled T4 uptake than of labeled T3 uptake, whereas unlabeled T3 had the same potency for both processes. These results suggest that T3 and T4 are transported either by two distinct carriers or by the same carrier bearing separate binding sites for each hormone. They also indicate that the efficiency of T3 uptake increases during neuronal maturation. 相似文献
18.
不同光质LED光源对草莓光合特性、产量及品质的影响 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
以‘妙香7号’草莓品种为材料,利用LED精量调制光源,设红光、蓝光、黄光、白光、红/蓝/黄(7/2/1)、红/蓝(7/2) 5个处理,以白光为对照,测定了草莓叶片的光合与荧光参数、色素含量、果实产量、品质和根系活力指标,研究 500 μmol·m-2·s-1光强下不同光质处理对草莓光合特性、果实产量及品质的影响.结果表明: 红光处理有利于提高草莓叶片的净光合速率与蒸腾速率,而蓝光有减弱作用;气孔导度与胞间CO2浓度均以蓝光处理效果最为显著.叶绿素荧光参数(Fo、Fm、ΦPSⅡ)均在红光处理下最大,而Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Fm/Fo均在红/蓝/黄处理下最大;红/蓝/黄处理下草莓色素含量、果实产量和根系活力均显著高于其他处理.红光处理的可溶性固形物和维生素C含量均最高,且与红/蓝/黄处理差异不显著;蓝光处理有利于提高可滴定酸和蛋白质含量,而红/蓝/黄处理的固酸比最大.红/蓝/黄处理最有利于增加光合色素含量,提高果实产量,促进部分品质改善. 相似文献
19.
Michael Tausz Wilfried Weidner Astrid Wonisch Luit J. De Kok Dieter Grill 《Environmental and Experimental Botany》2003,50(3):211-220
The interaction between pedospheric and atmospheric sulfur nutrition was studied in seedlings of Norway spruce. Spruce was grown on a 25% Hoagland nutrient solution containing 35S-sulfate and simultaneously exposed to 250 nl l−1 atmospheric SO2 or H2S. A 6-day exposure to SO2 and H2S resulted in a substantial increase in the total sulfur concentration of the needles. This increase could be ascribed to increased needle concentrations of sulfate, water-soluble non-protein thiols and organic sulfur. SO2 and H2S exposure resulted in slight but significant increases in the concentration of sulfur compounds in roots. In all sulfur fractions, except sulfate, there was a substantial decrease in the level of 35S in needle and root sulfur fractions upon SO2 and H2S exposure, demonstrating that spruce was able to switch from pedospheric sulfate to atmospheric sulfur as a source for growth. In needles, the amount of 35S decreased in total organic S and glutathione fraction, whereas it increased in sulfate. This supports continued import of S taken up by the roots into the needles in spite of a decreased channeling of 35S into synthesis in needles. A greater part of total sulfate increase was due to unlabeled S, which points towards metabolic oxidation of H2S and SO2 to sulfate. Increased concentrations of S compounds (including sulfate) in roots were mainly due to unlabeled S, indicating an import of sulfur from the foliage. The significance of glutathione in the translocation of reduced sulfur from the needles to the roots is discussed. 相似文献
20.
New blue whale ovarian corpora data from illegal Soviet catches in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean were recovered from the original logbooks. Catches north of 52°S were assumed to be pygmy blue whales ( Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda , n = 1,272); those south of 56°S were assumed to be Antarctic (true) blue whales ( B. m. intermedia , n = 153). Three probable Antarctic blue whales north of 52°S were excluded. Lengths at which 50% and 95% of females become sexually mature ( L 50 and L 95 ) were estimated from a Bayesian logistic model. These estimates are more precise than previous Japanese estimates because Soviet catches below the legal minimum of 70 ft (21.3 m) were 32 times greater. For pygmy blue whales L 50 was 19.2 m (95% interval 19.1–19.3 m) and L 95 was 20.5 m (95% interval 20.4–20.7 m). Antarctic L 50 (23.4 m, 95% interval 22.9–23.9 m) was much longer than L 50 for pygmy blue whale regions (18.4–19.9 m). The median L 50 for the northern Indian Ocean was 0.5–0.6 m shorter than for pygmy blue whales from other regions; although statistically significant, these small length differences provide little support for northern Indian Ocean blue whales being a separate subspecies, B. m. indica . 相似文献