四磨汤对便秘的肠道微生态调节作用浅析

便秘是一种常见的胃肠功能失调症,多见于儿童和老年人.便秘时肠道菌群发生了显著改变,有害细菌或条件致病菌数量增加和有益菌数量减少.四磨汤是临床上广泛使用的中药胃动力剂,能缓解便秘患者的症状和身心压力,且对便秘患者肠道微生态的平衡恢复具有明显的调控作用.本研究从便秘时肠道的微生态改变、单味药和整方的角度探讨四磨汤调节肠道微生态的作用机制.     

四磨汤对便秘肠道微生态调节作用的研究

便秘是一种常见的胃肠功能失调症,多见于儿童和老年人。便秘时肠道菌群发生了显著改变,有害细菌或条件致病菌数量增加和有益菌数量减少。四磨汤是临床上广泛使用的中药胃动力剂,能缓解便秘患者的症状和身心压力,且对便秘患者肠道微生态的平衡恢复具有明显的调控作用。本研究从便秘时肠道的微生态改变、单味药和整方的角度探讨四磨汤调节肠道微生态的作用机制。     

功能性便秘的微生态学的防治策略

功能性便秘是儿童时期常见的消化系统功能性疾病,其主要特点为经常排便困难和疼痛,可伴有大便失禁和(或)腹痛。其不仅影响患儿的生活质量,还给患儿带来严重的心理及精神负担。其具体发病机制尚不完全清楚,临床常采用综合治疗方法,但一部分患儿治疗效果欠佳。近年来随着对肠道微生态学的研究逐渐增多,了解到肠道菌群失调与便秘的发生有重要关联,人们也在开始尝试将益生菌等微生态制剂应用于功能性便秘患儿,但其治疗效果有待进一步证实。本文主要通过收集有关功能性便秘患儿应用益生菌及益生元等制剂后的效果,分析益生菌等微生态制剂在治疗功能性便秘患儿的效果,以指导未来临床对功能性便秘患儿的治疗。     

益生菌在结直肠癌患者中的应用

结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)的发病率及病死率在多国多年居高不下,肠道微生态的失衡在CRC的发生发展中所起的作用被许多学者所证实。专家一致认为,积极纠正肠道微生态失衡是可取的。CRC患者术前肠道菌群已经出现改变,术后肠道菌群失衡加重,化疗会进一步加重这种失衡状态。肠道微生态的稳态对机体肠道功能和免疫功能等起着重要作用。益生菌作为一种可调节肠道菌群的微生态制剂,已显现出在CRC患者治疗中的应用价值,现对益生菌在CRC患者中的应用进展作一综述。     

益生菌的治疗现状与前景以及 对呼吸道有益菌探索的研究进展

益生菌是调节机体微生态失衡的有效途径。肝功能异常影响肠道微生物,慢性肝衰竭、2型糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化相关心血管疾病等与肠道微生态失衡密切相关。同时肠道菌群亦受环境、遗传等复合条件影响,改变菌群组成可能导致疾病的发生发展。提倡益生菌对疾病的预防、治疗、预后,改善机体微环境,提高生命质量。近年来,益生菌、益生元、合生元三方面的研究飞速发展,对肠道益生菌研发已经取得一定成果。呼吸道作为与外界相通的腔道其优势菌群已经有相关报道,但对呼吸道益生菌的探索尚不明确,呼吸道内的优势菌是否可以制成益生菌制剂尚有待研究。     

肠道微生态在儿童难治性癫痫发病及治疗中的研究进展CSCD

儿童难治性癫痫是一种常见的儿科神经系统疾病。许多临床前及临床证据表明儿童难治性癫痫患者体内优势菌群与健康人相比存在显著差异;抗癫痫干预后难治性癫痫儿童体内肠道菌群分布发生改变;动物粪菌移植实验进一步证实肠道菌群的改变与癫痫发病及抗癫痫疗效存在因果关系。临床上益生菌的添加可能增强抗癫痫疗效,抗生素的使用往往也影响临床的抗癫痫疗效。肠道微生态可能通过内源性机制(如改变神经递质含量等)及外源性机制(如感染和损伤等)改变儿童难治性癫痫患者的代谢、遗传、免疫和感染等。本综述通过总结近年来国内外肠道微生态与儿童癫痫发病和抗癫痫效果的相关研究,阐述肠道微生态在儿童癫痫发病及治疗中的作用并对其可能的作用机制进行探讨。     

补充肠道益生菌治愈灰指甲8例分析

目的总结补充肠道益生菌治愈甲真菌病的经验。方法对2007年2月至2008年2月期间采用口服肠道益生菌治愈甲真菌病8例的临床资料进行分析。结果补充肠道益生菌可以治愈甲真菌病。结论补充肠道益生菌可以调节体内正常菌群的失衡,对肠道外的微生态失衡同样有效。     

益生菌对不同年龄人群功能性便秘治疗效果的研究进展

功能性便秘是一种常见的功能性胃肠道疾病。患者通常伴有腹痛、腹胀等现象,严重影响患者生活质量,其治疗仍具有挑战性。近年来研究发现肠道菌群紊乱与功能性便秘的发生发展密切相关。益生菌能够调节肠道菌群平衡,加强肠道生物的屏障功能,参与免疫系统发挥作用,为治疗功能性便秘提供了新思路。本文对益生菌治疗功能性便秘的现状进行综述,阐明功能性便秘的发生机制、功能性便秘患者的肠道菌群变化及益生菌治疗不同年龄人群功能性便秘的效果,为益生菌在功能性便秘患者中的应用提供参考。     

微生态制剂的作用机制及其在动物生产中的应用

近年来,微生态制剂的开发与应用受到社会各界的普遍关注。微生态制剂是一类优质饲料添加剂,具有安全性高、无致病性、毒副作用小和生物功能齐全的特点,包括益生菌、益生元和合生元三类物质,其在维持肠道菌群平衡、促进免疫系统发育及提高机体抗氧化性能等方面具有显著作用,可改善生产性能和健康状况,有利于动物生产优质产品。详细论述了微生态制剂的种类和益生菌、益生元和合生元的作用机制以及国内外关于微生态制剂在动物生产中的应用现状和对喀斯特地区健康养殖的应用潜力,从而为微生态制剂的研究方向及生产应用提供参考。     

益生菌在血糖调控中的研究进展

随着经济的快速发展和人们生活方式的改变,糖尿病等代谢性疾病的发病率在全球范围急剧上升,特别是在我国形势尤其严峻。以往研究结果表明,肠道微生物与人体健康密切相关,糖尿病患者的菌群结构与健康人群存在显著差别。益生菌疗法由于具有低成本、高安全性和高可靠性的特点,在疾病预防和重塑肠道微生态健康方面具有良好的应用前景,逐渐成为糖尿病防治的研究热点。本文系统地阐述了血糖调控益生菌的基础研究和应用开发进展,为血糖调控益生菌制剂及相关功能性食品的开发提供理论参考和指导依据。     

后生元缓解胃肠道疾病的研究进展及其潜在机制

胃肠道是全身代谢最活跃的器官之一，也是人体内最大的细菌库。人体胃肠道中含有丰富的微生物群，其与宿主健康存在着错综复杂的关系。肠道菌群处于一种动态平衡的状态，当这种平衡被打破时会引起便秘、腹泻、肠易激综合征、炎症性肠病和结直肠癌等胃肠道疾病的发生。近年来，关于后生元的研究越来越多，其对肠道屏障的保护作用与益生菌类似甚至效果更佳。本文重点介绍了当前后生元在动物实验和临床中改善胃肠道疾病的相关研究，探讨了后生元在胃肠道中的作用及其在增强上皮屏障、调节免疫系统、肠道菌群和神经系统4个方面的潜在作用机制。     

益生菌促进胃肠道健康的机制及应用

人体胃肠道内生活着大量微生物,它们影响着宿主的健康.益生菌是一种活的微生物,对维持肠黏膜屏障功能、调节免疫功能和促进营养物质的代谢吸收等具有重要作用;对肠道菌群紊乱、功能性消化不良、肠胃炎、腹泻、便秘、肠绞痛、肠易激综合征、炎症性肠病以及幽门螺杆菌感染等胃肠道疾病具有良好的应用.本文对益生菌与胃肠道健康的影响作简要概述...     

Microbial treatment in chronic constipation

Chronic functional constipation is a kind of common intestinal disease that occurs in children, adults and elderly people. This disease not only causes great influence to physiological function, but also results in varying degrees of psychological barriers. At present, constipation treatments continue to rely on traditional methods such as purgative therapy and surgery. However, these approaches can disrupt intestinal function. Recent research between intestinal diseases and gut microbiota has gradually revealed a connection between constipation and intestinal flora disturbance, providing a theoretical basis for microbial treatment in chronic constipation. Microbial treatment mainly includes probiotic preparations such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Due to its safety, convenience and curative effect, probiotic preparations have been widely accepted, especially gradually developed FMT with higher curative effects. Microbial treatment improves clinical symptoms, promotes the recovery of intestinal flora, and has no complications during the treatment process. Compared with traditional treatments, microbial treatment in chronic constipation has advantages, and is worthy of further promotion from clinical research to clinical application.     

益生菌疗法——抑郁症患者的福音?

近几年,肠道菌群与精神疾病,如孤独症谱系障碍、焦虑症、抑郁症等之间的关系越来越受到重视。本文主要介绍了肠道菌群调控精神行为的现有证据,并总结了益生菌对抑郁症干预作用的现有主要临床前及临床研究结果。虽然目前在这一领域取得了许多令人激动的进展,但仍需要更多深入的研究来促进我们理解肠道菌群与抑郁症二者之间的因果关联,并充分评估益生菌防治抑郁症的潜力。     

Gut dysbacteriosis and intestinal disease: mechanism and treatment

The gut microbiome functions like an endocrine organ, generating bioactive metabolites, enzymes or small molecules that can impact host physiology. Gut dysbacteriosis is associated with many intestinal diseases including (but not limited to) inflammatory bowel disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis-IBD, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic constipation, osmotic diarrhoea and colorectal cancer. The potential pathogenic mechanism of gut dysbacteriosis associated with intestinal diseases includes the alteration of composition of gut microbiota as well as the gut microbiota–derived signalling molecules. The many correlations between the latter and the susceptibility for intestinal diseases has placed a spotlight on the gut microbiome as a potential novel target for therapeutics. Currently, faecal microbial transplantation, dietary interventions, use of probiotics, prebiotics and drugs are the major therapeutic tools utilized to impact dysbacteriosis and associated intestinal diseases. In this review, we systematically summarized the role of intestinal microbiome in the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases. The potential mechanism of the complex interplay between gut dysbacteriosis and intestinal diseases, and the treatment methods are also highlighted.     

Recent Advancements in the Development of Modern Probiotics for Restoring Human Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis

A healthy gut is predominantly occupied by bacteria which play a vital role in nutrition and health. Any change in normal gut homeostasis imposes gut dysbiosis. So far, efforts have been made to mitigate the gastrointestinal symptoms using modern day probiotics. The majority of the probiotics strains used currently belong to the genera Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus. Recent advancements in culturomics by implementing newer techniques coupled with the use of gnotobiotic animal models provide a subtle ground to develop novel host specific probiotics therapies. In this review article, the recent advances in the development of microbe-based therapies which can now be implemented to treat a wide spectrum of diseases have been discussed. However, these probiotics are not classified as drugs and there is a lack of stringent law enforcement to protect the end users against the pseudo-probiotic products. While modern probiotics hold strong promise for the future, more rigorous regulations are needed to develop genuine probiotic products and characterize novel probiotics using the latest research and technology. This article also highlights the possibility of reducing antibiotic usage by utilizing probiotics developed using the latest concepts of syn and ecobiotics.

     

Probiotics in human health and disease: from nutribiotics to pharmabiotics

Probiotics are the most useful tools for balancing the gut microbiota and thereby influencing human health and disease. Probiotics have a range of effects, from those on nutritional status to medical conditions throughout the body from the gut to non-intestinal body sites such as the brain and skin. Research interest in probiotics with nutritive claims (categorized as nutribiotics) has evolved into interest in therapeutic and pharmacological probiotics with health claims (pharmabiotics). The concept of pharmabiotics emerged only two decades ago, and the new categorization of probiotics to nutribiotics and pharmabiotics was recently suggested, which are under the different regulation depending on that they are food or drug. Information of the gut microbiome has been continuously accumulating, which will make possible the gut microbiome-based healthcare in the future, when nutribiotics show potential for maintaining health while pharmabiotics are effective therapeutic tools for human diseases. This review describes the current understanding in the conceptualization and classification of probiotics. Here, we reviewed probiotics as nutribiotics with nutritional functions and pharmabiotics with pharmaceutic functions in different diseases.     

Probiotics and the Gut Immune System: Indirect Regulation

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) represents the largest interface between the human organism and the external environment. In the lumen and upper part of the mucus layer, this organ hosts an enormous number of microorganisms whose composition affects the functions of the epithelial barrier and the gut immune system. Consequentially, the microorganisms in the GIT influence the health status of the organism. Probiotics are living microorganisms which, in specific conditions, confer a health benefit to the host. Among others, probiotics have immunomodulatory properties that usually act directly by (a) increasing the activity of macrophages or natural killer cells, (b) modulating the secretion of immunoglobulins or cytokines, or indirectly by (c) enhancing the gut epithelial barrier, (d) altering the mucus secretion, and (e) competitive exclusion of other (pathogenic) bacteria. This review focuses on specific bacteria strains with indirect immunomodulatory properties. Particularly, we describe here the mechanisms through which specific probiotics enhance the gut epithelial barrier and modulate mucus production. Moreover, we describe the antimicrobial properties of specific bacteria strains. Recent data suggest that multiple pathologies are associated with an unbalanced gut microflora (dysbiosis). Although the cause-effect relationship between pathology and gut microflora is not yet well established, consumption of specific probiotics may represent a powerful tool to re-establish gut homeostasis and promote gut health.     

Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 in Constipation: A Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Study

Functional constipation has a high prevalence in both adults and children affecting quality of life. Evidence suggests that probiotics can reduce the sympt     

益生菌调控幼龄畜禽消化道微生物研究进展

益生菌是一类对宿主(人类或动物)有益的活性微生物,包括细菌、真菌(如酵母)等,具有促进动物生长、提高免疫力的作用,是潜在的抗生素替代品。益生菌可能通过与动物消化道微生物互作来发挥益生作用,但具体机制仍不明确。综述了基于高通量测序技术研究益生菌调控幼龄畜禽(仔猪、雏鸡、反刍动物)消化道微生物群落组成的最新进展,并提出了未来研究方向,包括益生菌如何通过与消化道微生物互作影响其功能,益生菌对于幼龄畜禽不同健康状态下肠道微生物的影响,以及宿主因素如何影响益生菌对于幼龄畜禽消化道微生物的作用效果。