中国柱麦蛾属分类学研究：鳞翅目：麦蛾科

本文记述中国柱麦蛾属Ａｔｈｒｉｐｓ Ｂｉｌｌｂｅｒｇ５种：无突柱麦蛾Ａ;ａｇｎａｔｈｏｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,双膨柱麦蛾Ａ;ｂｉｄｉｌａｔａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．厚瓣柱麦蛾Ａ．ｃｒａｓｓｉｖａｑｌｖａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,七点柱麦蛾Ａ．ｓｅｐｔｅｍｐｕｎｃｔａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和柴达木柱麦蛾Ａ．ｓａｉｄａｍｉｃａ Ｅｍｅｌｙａｎｏｖ ｅｔ Ｐｉｓｋｕｎｏｖ,１９８２。     

中国发麦蛾属分类学研究(鳞翅目:麦蛾科)

发麦蛾属Ｆａｒｉｓｔｅｎｉａ Ｐｏｎｏｍａｒｅｎｋｏ最近由蛮麦蛾属Ｈｙｐａｔｉｍａ Ｈｕｎｅｒ分出,已记载１５种。其中的１０种分布于俄罗斯远东地区和朝鲜半岛,在我国已知１种,其余分布于南非。本文记述我国发麦蛾属１５种,包括９个新种和５个中国新种,其名录及分布发如下：１．圆属发麦蛾Ｆａｒｉｓｔｅｎｉａ ｃｉｒｃｕｌｉｃａｕｄａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．新种,分布：陕西。２．窄瓣发麦蛾Ｆａｒｉｓｔｅｎｉａ     

中国竹麦蛾属一新种（鳞翅目：麦蛾科）

本文记述竹麦蛾属１新种－－秦岭竹麦蛾Ｃａｒｙｏｃｏｌｕｍ ｑｉｎｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。,模式标本存在西北林学院。     

中国苔麦蛾属研究（鳞翅目：麦蛾科）

系统研究了中国苔麦蛾属Ｂｒｙｏｔｒｏｐｈａ,中国新纪录,记述６新种２中国新纪录种。文中提供了两性外生殖器特征图和分种检索表。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。拟寿苔麦蛾Ｂｒｙｏｔｒｏｐｈａ ａｍｂｉｓｅｎｅｃｔｅｌｌａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．分布于甘肃和陕西,该种与寿苔蛾Ｂｒｙｏｔｒｏｐｈａ ｓｅｎｅｃｔｅｌｌａ（Ｚｅｌｌｅｒ）相似,但雄性外生殖器抱器腹突出平缓;雌性外生殖器前阴片后缘凸起。短瓣苔麦蛾     

中国指麦蛾属及一新种记述（鳞翅目：麦蛾科）

指麦蛾属ＤａｃｔｙｌｅｔｈｒｅｌａＦｌｅｔｃｈｅｒ世界上已知１０种,分布于古北区、东洋区和非洲区,但中国尚无记载。本文报道指麦蛾属分布中国的３个种：其中刀瓣指麦蛾Ｄ．ｃａｔａｒｉｎａＰｏｎｏｍａｒｅｎｋｏ（分布：陕西杨陵、凤县辛家山、甘肃康县豆坝及俄罗斯远东地区）和青冈指麦蛾Ｄ．ｔｅｇｕｌｉｆｅｒａ（Ｍｅｙｒｉｃｋ）（分布：陕西杨陵、凤县辛家山、甘肃康县阳坝和朝鲜、日本、俄罗斯远东地区;寄主：栎树、青冈和麻栎）为中国新记录种;新种沈氏指麦蛾Ｄ．ｓｈｅｎａｅ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．分布于江西婺源县珍珠山,它与Ｄ．ｓｕｂｔｅｇｕｌｉｆｅｒａＰｏｎｏｍａｒｅｎｋｏ外形相似,但体小,前翅斑纹赭黄色至赭褐色,中部及外缘无明显斑纹;雄性外生殖器抱器小瓣大而直。文中提供了中国种分种检索表和外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存于南开大学生物系。     

中国雪麦蛾属二新种记述：鳞翅目：麦蛾科

雪麦蛾属ＣｈｉｏｎｏｄｅｓＨüｂｎｅｒ已知百种以上。其中新北区７２种,新热带区１２种,古北区２８种,估计古北区种类近４０种（Ｈｕｅｍｅｒ＆Ｓａｔｌｅｒ,１９９５）。我国该属昆虫已知１种（李后魂、郑哲民,１９９５）。本文记述２新种,分别分布于陕西和青海。模式标本存陕西师大动物所。１．彬县雪麦蛾Ｃｈｉｏｎｏｄｅｓｂｉｎｘｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,新种（图１）本种与Ｃｈｉｏｎｏｄｅｓｐｒａｅｃｌａｒｅｌａ（Ｈｅｒｒｉｃｈ－Ｓｃｈｅｆｅｒ）相似,但雄性外生殖器爪形突宽短,其后缘具明显的中突。正模♂,副模１♂,陕西彬县,１９９０－Ｖ－１５,王宣利采。２．大通雪麦蛾Ｃｈｉｏｎｏｄｅｓｄａｔｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,新种（图２）本种与百脉根雪麦蛾Ｃｈｉｏｎｏｄｅｓｆｕｍａｔｅｌａ（Ｄｏｕｇｌａｓ）极近似,但雄性外生殖器爪形突和阳茎形状与后者的不同。正模♂,青海大通东峡,１９８８－Ⅶ－２５。     

中国智麦蛾属二新种记述(鳞翅目：麦蛾科)

智麦蛾属ＳｏｐｈｒｏｎｉａＨüｂｎｅｒ主要分布于欧洲、亚洲和北美,少数分布至南非［１］。全世界已记载２０余种,已知寄主多为菊科Ｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔａｅ植物。Ｅ．Ｍｅｙｒｉｃｋ（１９３６）报道Ｓｏｐｈｒｏ－ｎｉａｉｌｕｓｔｒｅｌａ（Ｈüｂｎｅｒ,１７９６）...     

中国大陆的蛮麦蛾属和拟蛮麦蛾属及新种记述：鳞翅目：麦蛾科

本文报道中国大陆的蛮麦蛾属Ｈｙｐａｔｉｍａ５个种和拟蛮麦蛾属Ｈｏｍｏｓｈｅｌａｓ２个种,其中各有１个新种。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。     

四川白角秽蝇种团二新种(双翅目:蝇科)

报道采自四川省西部山区的蝇科秽蝇属２新种,定名为歪叶秽蝇Ｃｏｅｎｏｓｉａ ａｎｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｏｃｅｒｃａ Ｘｕｅ ｅｔ Ｆｅｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和暗翅秽蝇Ｃｏｅｎｏｓｉａ ｏｂｓｃｕｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ Ｘｕｅ ｅｔ Ｆｅｎｇ,ｓｐ ｎｏｖ．,它们共同特征是雄肛尾叶和侧尾叶细长,侧尾叶端部向后方弯曲,阳基后突很小,呈退化状,触角较短等,隶属于白角秽蝇种团Ｃ．ａｌｂｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ－ｇｒｏｕｐ。模式标本保     

中国柽麦蛾属研究（鳞翅目：麦蛾科）

柽麦蛾属(Ornativalva Gozmany,1955)隶属于麦蛾科(Gelechiidae)、麦蛾亚科(Gelechiinae)、麦蛾族(Gelechiini)。全世界已记录45种和亚种,其中已知寄主的12个种,除一种可取食柽柳属(Tamarix)和瓣鳞花属(Frankenia)植物外,其余的只取食柽柳属植物。该属的分布与柽柳属植物的分布几乎完全一致,分布在非洲、南欧、印度和蒙古。我国北方柽柳属植物分布广泛,但过去仅有一种该属昆虫的分布记录。     

Polyphenism ofHalictus (Seladonia) tumulorum (L.) (Hymenoptera,Halictinae)

Summary A population ofHalictus (S.) tumulorum, a species whose biology is poorly known, was studied in eastern France. The polyphenism was evaluated by comparing a sample of foundresses (1991) with two samples of summer females (1991 and 1992).H. tumulorum is a primitively eusocial species with castes differing only slightly in size, but more in function, and producing numerous males in the first brood. The social level of the species appears rather low.     

Acid-base and copper (II) complexation equilibria of poly(inosinic)-poly(cytidylic)

The acid-base and copper (II) complexing properties of the heteropolynucleotide poly(inosinic)-poly(cytidylic) acid were studied by means of potentiometric, spectrophotometric, CD, and molecular fluorescence titrations in a working aqueous medium of 0.15 M ionic strength at 37°C. The study of the acid-base equilibria has proved the existence of four different species in the pH interval 2–11. Two new species are detected in the presence of copper(II) ion, at acidic and neutral pH values. Spectrophotometric, CD, melting, and fluorescence data were treated with a multivariate curve resolution procedure that allowed the determination of the number of species simultaneously present in each system [acid-base equilibria, copper(II) complexation equilibria], and the estimation of their concentration profiles and of the pure spectra for each species. From the concentration profiles an unambiguous assignment of which species are present at any pH conditions can be made. Furthermore, the knowledge of the pure uv-visible, fluorescence, and CD spectra recovered by the proposed resolution method for each species brings important structural information. When this mathematical approach was applied to the thermal denaturation data, the melting profile and the uv pure spectra for all the different species or conformations formed in the melting process, were calculated. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 42: 271–283, 1997     

Caterpillar (Lepidoptera) communities on European Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) in Malé Karpaty Mts (SW Slovakia)

Between 2000–2002, the structure of communities of lepidopteran larvae was studied in leaf bearing crowns of Quercus cerris in the central and northern part of the Malé Karpaty Mts (SW Slovakia). Caterpillars were collected using the beating method in four study plots. In total, 58 species were found. The families Geometridae, Noctuidae and Tortricidae comprised the highest number of species found. The family Geometridae comprised the highest number of pests. The most abundant species for individual plots were Lymantria dispar, Operophtera brumata, Ypsolopha alpella and Cyclophora ruficiliaria. Most of the recorded species belonged to the trophic group of generalists (39 species). Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index and Pielou’s equitability (evenness) value indicated there were marked differences between the Horny háj study plot (an insular forest with ants as the predators of caterpillars) and other plots. The main ecological gradient along DCA-1 related to the host specificity of caterpillars and consisted of three groups: (a) polyphagous species; (b) specialist species feeding chiefly on oaks or exclusively on oaks and (c) species preferring some oak species, mainly Q. cerris. The fragmentation of growth was identified along DCA-2.     

Experimental observations on the specificity of Apatemon (Australapatemon) minor (Yamaguti 1933) (Digenea: Strigeidae) toward leech (Hirudinea) second intermediate hosts

The infectivity of Apatemon (Australapatemon) minor cercariae to 7 species of freshwater leech was examined under laboratory conditions. The leech species exposed to infection were; Erpobdella octoculata, Helobdella stagnalis, Glossiphonia heteroclita, Glossiphonia complanata, Hemiclepsis marginata, Piscicola geometra, and Theromyzon tessulatum. Five species were capable of acting as second intermediate hosts. Despite this broad specificity only Erpobdella octoculata and Helobdella stagnalis could be considered to show a high degree of compatibility with the parasite. In these 2 leech species more than 38% of the cercariae successfully penetrated and established metacercarial cyst infections. The leeches Piscicola geometra and Theromyzon tessulatum did not become infected. Close parallels were found between the species order of host utilization determined experimentally and that revealed by a range of field surveys in Britain, Eastern Europe and Russia. This suggests that the order of second intermediate host utilization in the natural environment has, at least in part, a physiological basis. The degree to which different leeches are utilized as hosts may relate to the opportunity which they afford for transmission of A. minor to wildfowl definitive hosts.     

Proton-NMR study of the interaction of trans-dichloro-diamine-platinum(II) with poly(I) and poly(I).poly(C)

The fixation of trans-(NH₃)₂Cl₂ Pt(II) to poly(I)·poly(C) at low r_b (< 0.05) leads to the formation of two complexed species. The major species (ca. 82% of bound platinum) involves coordination of platinum to a single hypoxanthine base, while the other species involves coordination of two hypoxanthine bases, which are either far apart on the same strand or on separate poly(I) strands, to the platinum. These same two species are found after reaction with poly(I), as are two other species throughout the entire r_b range studied (r_b = 0–0.30). The latter two species are assigned to trans-Pt bound to two bases on a poly(I) strand with (a) one or (b) two free bases between the two bound bases. These two species, (a) and (b), account for ca. 35% of the bound platinum, although the 1:1 species remains dominant (ca. 55%). These two additional species are observed at high r_b (>0.075) after reaction with poly(I)·poly(C) but as very minor species. They are formed by reaction with melted poly(I) loops. Also at high r_b, we have observed a shifted cytidine H⁵ resonance arising from interaction of trans-Pt with a melted loop of poly(C). Most probably, this arises from an intramolecular poly(I) to poly(C) crosslink. Results from the reaction of trans-Pt with poly(C) are presented for comparison.     

On the respiratory quotient (RQ) of termites (Insecta: Isoptera)

The respiratory quotient (RQ) at 28 degrees C was determined by Warburg manometry in 23 species of termites from the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve (Cameroon) and three sub-tropical species cultured under laboratory conditions in the U.K. or freshly collected in Australia. The data are tabulated with other recently reported RQs (determined by manometry or GC) and with measured CH(4) emission rates to provide a survey of 29 species covering both lower and higher termites in all major trophic (functional) categories. In all species, except the wood-feeding Coptotermes acinaciformis and the soil-feeding Cubitermes fungifaber, the observed mean values (with manometry corrected for known fluxes of H(2) and CH(4)) were at or well above 1.00. Soil-feeding forms (except C. fungifaber) generally showed a high apparent RQ (not corrected for H(2)), with nine species (out of 13) above 1.20 and six species above 1.30. Well-replicated laboratory experiments with Reticulitermes lucifugus showed that there was a tendency for RQ to fall with time over a 4-h incubation, although remaining greater than 1.00.The observed RQs are consistent with carbohydrate being the principal substrate supporting respiration in all trophic and taxonomic categories, with little or no contribution from the degradation of lignin or other polyaromatic materials. However, in many species (especially soil-feeders), the observed RQ is greater than that expected from known fluxes of O(2), CO(2) and CH(4) on the assumption that carbohydrate is the respiratory substrate. This presupposes that there is a large hydrogen sink (additional to CH(4) production), possibly the emission of H(2) gas, and/or the existence of unresolved digestive mechanisms or electron routings. Uncertainties in the use of manometry with termites are discussed.     

Die Entwirrung desBotrytella(Sorocarpus)-Komplexes (Ectocarpaceae,Phaeophyta)

Sorocarpus Pringsh. is a later synonym forBotrytella Bory. Four species of the genus are known from northern European coasts. Three of them are found at Helgoland (North Sea), type locality of bothBotrytella uvaeformis (Pringsh.) andB. reinboldii (Reinke). A third species, most frequently seen, still remains unnamed. Plants of similar habit, however, have been described from Japan. The type species for the genus,Botrytella micromora Bory, was originally published asEctocarpus siliculosus β.uvaeformis by Lyngbye. A sample from Danish waters proved to be identical with it. In a previous paper (Kornmann & Sahling, 1984), the life history of two species was studied and the investigation is now extended to include the other two, demonstrating the conformity of the four species with the genus characters as to morphological and developmental features.      

Distribution of native legumes (Leguminoseae) in frequently burned longleaf pine (Pinaceae)-wiregrass (Poaceae) ecosystems

Legume species distribution and abundance and selected environmental variables were quantified across a complex gradient (varying in both water-holding capacity and fertility) for frequently burned longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)–wiregrass (Aristida stricta) ecosystems. Legumes were present in all months; however, abundance peaked in June and was minimal after killing frosts in October. Legume species were prominent in the flora (43 species encountered) ubiquitous (94% of 2-m² subplots had at least one legume species), and abundant (nearly 120 000 stems/ha). Although most species were widely distributed throughout the gradient, Lespedeza angustifolia was distinctly associated with the more hydric end of the gradient, while both Petalostemon pinnatum and Galactia microphylla were located in the more xeric extreme. The percentage variation in species that could be accounted for by environmental variation was low (27%). Of the variation that could be accounted for, a number of environmental variables were important, including soil moisture, pine basal area (i.e., light), and bivalent base cations (e.g., Ca²⁺). Although gradients in resource availability among sites did not affect the distribution of species or abundance of legumes strongly, variation in resources are likely to regulate N₂-fixation rates of the various native legume species, and thereby affect ecological functions such as maintenance of N capital and productivity.