Actinopolyspora dayingensis sp. nov., a novel halophilic actinomycete isolated from a hypersaline lake

A novel halophilic, filamentous actinomycete, designated TRM 4064^T, was isolated from a hypersaline habitat in Sichuan Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on an almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain TRM 4064^T showed that it was most closely related to Actinopolyspora mortivallis (99.1 % sequence similarity). The sequence similarities between strain TRM 4064^T and other Actinopolyspora species with validly-published names were <97.0 %. However, it had relatively low mean values for DNA–DNA relatedness with the A. mortivallis DSM 44261^T (23.2 %). Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 13 % (w/v) NaCl. The whole-cell sugar pattern consists of xylose, glucose, ribose and arabinose. The predominant menaquinones are MK-10(H₄) (38.2 %), MK-9(H₄) (25.1 %), MK-9(H₂) (28.6 %) and MK-8(H₄) (7.3 %). The major fatty acids are anteiso-C_17:0 (36.9 %) and iso-C_17:0 (19.3 %). The diagnostic phospholipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and two unknown phospholipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of the type strain is 66.3 mol%. Strain TRM 4064^T therefore represents a novel species of the genus Actinopolyspora, for which the name Actinopolyspora dayingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TRM 4064^T (= KCTC 19979^T = CCTCC AA 2010010^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharopolyspora lacisalsi</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel halophilic actinomycete isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang,China

A novel actinomycete strain, designated TRM 40133^T, was isolated from a hypersaline habitat of Tarim basin in Xinjiang Province, north-west China. Its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on an almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain showed that it formed a well-seperated sub-branch within the radiation of the genus Saccharopolyspora. The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found between the strain TRM 40133^T and Saccharopolyspora qijiaojingensis YIM 91168^T (96.5%). The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolate are typical for the genus Saccharopolyspora. It contained meso-DAP as the diagnostic diamino acid. Whole cell hydrolysate contained arabinose, xylose, ribose and glucose. The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. The main menaquinone was MK-9(H₆) and MK-9(H₄). No mycolic acid was detected. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C_16:0 and anteiso-C_17:0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.2 mol%. In addition, the strain TRM 40133^T had a phenotypic profile that readily distinguished it from the recognized representatives of the genus Saccharopolyspora. The strain TRM 40133^T therefore represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora lacisalsi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TRM 40133^T (=KCTC 19987^T =CCTCC AA 2010012^T).     

<Emphasis Type=Italic>Nocardiopsis terrae</Emphasis> sp. nov., a halophilic actinomycete isolated from saline soil

A Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, obligately aerobic, filamentous actinomycete strain, designated YIM 90022^T, was isolated from saline soil collected from the Qaidam Basin, north-west China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate was a member of the genus Nocardiopsis and the sequence similarities between the isolate and the type strains of members of the genus Nocardiopsis were in the range of 95.1–98.7%. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties of this organism also indicated that strain YIM 90022^T was a member of the genus Nocardiopsis. The strain grew well on most of the media tested, producing yellow-white to deep brown substrate mycelium and white aerial mycelium. Light gray to deep brown diffusible pigments were produced. The substrate mycelium was well developed and fragmented with age; the aerial mycelium produced long, straight to flexuous spore chains with non-motile, smooth-surfaced, rod-shaped spores on them. The strain grew in the presence of 1–15% (w/v) total salts (optimum, 3–5%) and at pH 6.0–10.5 (optimum, pH 8.5) and 10–45°C (optimum, 30°C). Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain YIM 90022^T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and no diagnostic sugars. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H₄), MK-9(H₈), MK-10(H₆) and MK-10(H₈). Polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmethylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C_16:0, anteiso-C_17:0, 10-methyl-C_18:0 and 10-methyl-C_17:0. The DNA G + C content of strain YIM 90022^T was 71.5 mol%. The combination of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA relatedness data, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain YIM 90022^T represents a new species of the genus Nocardiopsis, for which the name Nocardiopsis terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 90022^T (=CCTCC AA 208011^T =KCTC 19431^T).     

<Emphasis Type=Italic>Oceanobacillus manasiensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from the salt lakes of Xinjiang,China

Three Gram reaction positive, rod-shaped, moderately motile halophilic bacterial strains, designated YD3-56^T, YD16, and YH29, were isolated from the sediments of Manasi and Aiding salt lakes in the Xinjiang region of China, respectively. The strains grew optimally at 30–37°C, pH 8–11, in the presence of 5–10% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains were closely related to members of the genus Oceanobacillus, exhibiting 99.1–99.2% similarity to O. kapialis KCTC 13177^T, 99.2–99.3% to O. picturae KCTC 3821^T, and 94.2–96% sequence similarity to other described Oceanobacillus species. SDS-PAGE of whole cell proteins preparations demonstrated that the strains exhibited high similarity to each other, but distinguished from O. kapialis KCTC 13177^T and O. picturae KCTC 3821^T (75%). DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that the similarity between the representative strain YD3-56^T and O. kapialis KCTC 13177^T was 35.3%, and the similarity between YD3-56^T and O. picturae KCTC 3821^T was 22.3%. Chemotaxonomic analysis of the strains showed menaquinone-7 was the predominant respiratory quinine. Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 and anteiso-C_17:0. The polar lipid pattern for strain YD3-56^T predominantly contained phosphatidylcholine, and trace to moderate amounts of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and hydroxy-phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The diamino acid in murein was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNA G+C content of the strains was 39.7–40.1 mol%. On the basis of these results, the three strains should be classified as a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus manasiensis sp. nov. has been proposed, with the type strain as YD3-56^T (=CGMCC 1.9105^T =NBRC 105903^T).     

Actinopolyspora algeriensis sp. nov., a novel halophilic actinomycete isolated from a Saharan soil

A halophilic actinomycete strain designated H19(T), was isolated from a Saharan soil in the Bamendil region (Ouargla province, South Algeria) and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. The morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the strain were consistent with those of members of the genus Actinopolyspora, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed that strain H19(T) was a novel species of the genus Actinopolyspora. DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain H19(T) and the nearest Actinopolyspora species, A. halophila, was clearly below the 70?% threshold. The genotypic and phenotypic data showed that the organism represents a novel species of the genus Actinopolyspora for which the name Actinopolyspora algeriensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain H19(T) (=?DSM 45476(T)?=?CCUG 62415(T)).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Myceligenerans salitolerans</Emphasis> sp. nov., a halotolerant actinomycete isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang,China

A halotolerant actinomycete strain, designated XHU 5031^T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang Province, northwest China. Its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans xiligouense DSM 15700^T (98.4 %), Myceligenerans halotolerans XJEEM 11063^T (98.0 %) and Myceligenerans crystallogenes DSM 17134^T (97.5 %). However, it had relatively low values for DNA–DNA relatedness with the above strains (46.2, 39.4 and 36.5 %, respectively). The peptidoglycan type was A4α. This organism contained glucose, mannose and galactose as the major whole cell sugars. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H₄). The major fatty acids were iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_16:0. The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), one unknown phospholipid (PL) and two unknown glycolipids (GL). The G+C content of genomic DNA was 71.2 mol %. Phenotypic data clearly distinguished the isolate from its closest relatives. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that the isolate XHU 5031^T represented a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans. The proposed name for this organism is Myceligenerans salitolerans sp. nov., with type strain XHU 5031^T (=KCTC 29128^T = CCTCC AB 2012908^T).     

Actinopolyspora righensis sp. nov., a novel halophilic actinomycete isolated from Saharan soil in Algeria

A novel halophilic actinomycete strain, H23^T, was isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected in Djamâa (Oued Righ region), El-Oued province, South Algeria. Strain H23^T was identified as a member of the genus Actinopolyspora by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H23^T had 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ranging from 97.8 % (Actinopolyspora xinjiangensis TRM 40136^T) to 94.8 % (Actinopolyspora mortivallis DSM 44261^T). The strain grew optimally at pH 6.0–7.0, 28–32 °C and in the presence of 15–25 % (w/v) NaCl. The substrate mycelium was well developed and fragmented with age. The aerial mycelium produced long, straight or flexuous spore chains with non-motile, smooth-surfaced and rod-shaped spores. Strain H23^T had MK-10 (H₄) and MK-9 (H₄) as the predominant menaquinones. The whole micro-organism hydrolysates mainly consisted of meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and arabinose. The diagnostic phospholipid detected was phosphatidylcholine. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C_17:0 (37.4 %), iso-C_17:0 (14.8 %), iso-C_15:0 (14.2 %), and iso-C_16:0 (13.9 %). The genotypic and phenotypic data show that the strain represents a novel species of the genus Actinopolyspora, for which the name Actinopolyspora righensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain H23^T (=DSM 45501^T = CCUG 63368^T = MTCC 11562^T).     

Actinopolyspora saharensis sp. nov., a novel halophilic actinomycete isolated from a Saharan soil of Algeria

A novel halophilic actinomycete, strain H32^T, was isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected in El-Oued province, south Algeria. The isolate was characterized by means of polyphasic taxonomy. Optimal growth was determined to occur at 28–32 °C, pH 6.0–7.0 and in the presence of 15–25 % (w/v) NaCl. The strain was observed to produce abundant aerial mycelium, which formed long chains of rod-shaped spores at maturity, and fragmented substrate mycelium. The cell wall was determined to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and the characteristic whole-cell sugars were arabinose and galactose. The predominant menaquinones were found to be MK-10(H₄) and MK-9(H₄). The predominant cellular fatty acids were determined to be anteiso C_17:0, iso-C_15:0 and iso-C_16:0. The diagnostic phospholipid detected was phosphatidylcholine. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that this strain formed a distinct phyletic line within the radiation of the genus Actinopolyspora. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain H32^T was most closely related to ‘Actinopolyspora algeriensis’ DSM 45476^T (98.8 %) and Actinopolyspora halophila DSM 43834^T (98.5 %). Furthermore, the result of DNA–DNA hybridization between strain H32^T and the type strains ‘A. algeriensis’ DSM 45476^T, A. halophila DSM 43834^T and Actinopolyspora mortivallis DSM 44261^T demonstrated that this isolate represents a different genomic species in the genus Actinopolyspora. Moreover, the physiological and biochemical data allowed the differentiation of strain H32^T from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Therefore, it is proposed that strain H32^T represents a novel species of the genus Actinopolyspora, for which the name Actinopolyspora saharensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H32^T (=DSM 45459^T=CCUG 62966^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycomyces halotolerans</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from a hypersaline habitat in Xinjiang,China

A novel actinomycete strain, designated TRM 40137^T, was isolated from a hypersaline habitat in Xinjiang Province, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The strain was aerobic, Gram-positive and the optimum NaCl concentration for growth was 4–5% (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain TRM 40137^T has a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.02% with the described species Glycomyces sambucus E71^T and can be distinguished from all previously described representatives of the genus Glycomyces. The whole-cell sugar pattern consisted of xylose and galactose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-10(H₂) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The phospholipid pattern consists of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unknown aminophospholipids and two unknown phospholipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.8 mol%. A novel species Glycomyces halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed, with strain TRM 40137^T (=CCTCC AA 2010013^T = KCTC 19988^T) as the type strain of G. halotolerans.     

<Emphasis Type=Italic>Stenotrophomonas panacihumi</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field

The study isolated a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium from the soil of a ginseng field in Daejeon, South Korea and characterized it to determine its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain MK06^T belongs to the family Xanthomonadacea, and showed the highest degree of sequence similarity to Stenotrophomonas rhizophila e-p10^T (98.6%), Xanthomonas campestris LMG 568T (98.0%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC 1d3637^T (97.3%), and Stenotrophomonas humi R-32729^T (96.9%). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain MK06^T possesses ubiquinone Q-8 as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone, which is common in the genus Stenotrophomonas, and that the predominant fatty acids were 15:0 iso (41.1%), 15:0 anteiso (12.6%), and 17:1 iso ω9c (8.6%). The results of physiological and biochemical tests clearly demonstrated that strain MK06^T represents a distinct species and supported its affiliation with the genus Stenotrophomonas. Based on these data, MK06^T (KCTC, 22893^T; JCM, 16536^T; KEMB, 9004-002^T) should be classified as the type strain for a novel species, for which we propose the name Stenotrophomonas panacihumi sp. nov.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Promicromonospora viridis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil

Two Gram-stain positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-JGR1^T and NEAU-JGC41, were isolated from soil collected from Fairy Lake Botanical Garden in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, south of China. The 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and were closely related to Promicromonospora thailandica JCM 17130^T (99.4, 99.3%) and Promicromonospora citrea DSM 43110^T (99.2, 99.2%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains clustered together and formed a cluster with P. thailandica JCM 17130^T and P. citrea DSM 43110^T. Both strains were observed to contain MK-9(H₄) and MK-9(H₂) as predominant menaquinones. Their whole cell sugar profiles were found to main contained rhamnose, ribose, glucose and galactose. The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids for the two strains were identified as anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0 and anteiso-C_17:0. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-JGR1^T and NEAU-JGC41 was 85.1?±?0.3%, and the values between the two strains and their close phylogenetic relatives were well below 70%, supporting the conclusion that they represent a distinct genomic species. An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the isolates from closely related species. On the basis of the genetic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-JGR1^T and NEAU-JGC41 can be classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora viridis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-JGR1^T (=?DSM 105536^T?=?CGMCC 4.7473^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces xiangluensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-LA29^T, was isolated from soil collected from Xianglu Mountain and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Based on a polyphasic taxonomic approach comprising chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic, morphological and physiological characterisation, the isolate has been affiliated to the genus Streptomyces. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate is closely related to Streptomyces vastus JCM4524^T (98.8% identity) and Streptomyces cinereus DSM43033^T (97.9%). However, multilocus sequence analysis based on five other house-keeping genes (atpD, gyrB, rpoB, recA and trpB) and low DNA–DNA relatedness values enabled the strain to be differentiated from these closely related species of the genus Streptomyces. Thus, strain NEAU-LA29^T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces xiangluensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-LA29^T (=?CGMCC 4.7466^T?=?DSM 105786^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Halomonas qijiaojingensis</Emphasis> sp. nov. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halomonas flava</Emphasis> sp. nov., two moderately halophilic bacteria isolated from a salt lake

Two moderately halophilic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, designated YIM 93003^T and YIM 94343^T, were isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China. The two strains YIM 93003^T and YIM 94343^T grew at 20–40°C, pH 6–9, 0.5–24% (w/v) NaCl and at 20–40°C, pH 6–9, 0.5–23% (w/v) NaCl, respectively. No growth occurred in absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains YIM 93003^T and YIM 94343^T were phylogenetically affiliated to the genus Halomonas and exhibited sequence similarity of 97.5% and 97.4% to the type strain Halomonas anticariensis DSM 16096^T, respectively. The strains possessed chemotaxonomic markers that were consistent with their classification in the genus Halomonas (Q-9 as predominant respiratory quinine; C18:1ω7c, C16:0 and C16:1 ω7c/iso-C15:02-OH as the major fatty acids). The DNA–DNA hybridization values for strains YIM 93003^T and YIM 94343^T, YIM 93003^T and DSM 16096^T, YIM 94343^T and DSM 16096^T were 38.1 ± 3.0, 18.3 ± 4.7, and 20.8 ± 4.6%, respectively. The G+C contents of the strains YIM 93003^T and YIM 94343^T were 63.4 and 64.0 mol%, respectively. Based on comparative analysis of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, including low DNA–DNA hybridization results, two novel species, Halomonas qijiaojingensis sp. nov., and Halomonas flava sp. nov., are proposed. The type strains are YIM 93003^T (=CCTCC AB 208133^T =KCTC 22228^T) and YIM 94343^T (=CCTCC AB 2010382^T =KCTC 23356^T), respectively.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces carminius</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sophora alopecuroides</Emphasis> in Xinjiang,China

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated TRM SA0054^T, was isolated from the roots of Sophora alopecuroides grown in Alar, Xinjiang, north-west China, and characterised by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain TRM SA0054^T has 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.22% with Streptomyces barkulensis RC 1831^T. Whole cell hydrolysates of strain TRM SA0054^T were found to contain ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and ribose, glucose and xylose as the major whole cell sugars. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C_16:0, iso-C_16:1 G, anteiso-C_17:0, anteiso-C_15:0, C_16:0, anteiso-C_17:1 ω9c. The main menaquinones were determined to be MK-8 (H₄), MK-9 (H₆) and MK-9 (H₈). The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and an unidentified lipid. The G?+?C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 73.04%. Strain TRM SA0054^T has a relatively low DNA–DNA relatedness value with Streptomyces barkulensis RC 1831^T as determined by calculating the average nucleotide identity value (ANI?=?84.1%). Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, it is concluded that strain TRM SA0054^T should be designated as a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces carminius sp. nov. is proposed, with type strain TRM SA0054^T (=?CCTCC AA 2016041^T?=?KCTC39903^T).     

Virgibacillus albus sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from Lop Nur salt lake in Xinjiang province, China

A Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 93624^T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province of China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain YIM 93624^T grew at 15–45 °C (optimum 25–30 °C), 1–17% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 5–10 %, w/v) and pH 4.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0). The predominant menaquinone was found to be MK-7. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 and C_16:0. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, a glycolipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 93624^T was a member of the genus Virgibacillus and exhibited the highest similarity of 97.0 % to Virgibacillus koreensis KCTC 3823^T. However, the level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain YIM 93624^T and V. koreensis KCTC 3823^T was 32.5 %. On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic analysis data, the isolate is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus albus sp. nov., is proposed, with type strain of YIM 93624^T (=DSM 23711^T = JCM 17364^T).     

Halomonas aidingensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from Aiding salt lake in Xinjiang, China

Two Gram-negative moderately halophilic bacterial strains, designated Ad-1(T) and C-12, were isolated from Aiding salt lake of Xinjiang in China. The novel isolates were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Cells of these strains were cocci or short rods and motile with polar flagella. Colonies produced brown-red pigment. The isolates grew in the range of 0.5-25% (w/v) NaCl, pH 5.5-10.5 and 4-45°C. Analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains Ad-1(T) and C-12 belonged to the genus Halomonas showing 92.7-98.4% similarity with the type species. The isoprenoid quinones of the isolates were Q-9 and Q-8. The major cellular fatty acids were C18:1ω7c, C16:1ω7c/6c, C16:0, C12:0-3OH and C10:0. The DNA G + C contents of strains Ad-1(T) and C-12 were 64.6 and 63.9 mol%, respectively. The DNA relatedness between the two isolates was 89.2%. The similarities of these newly isolated strains with closely related type strains were lower than 35% at the genetic level. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic characteristics, the representative strain Ad-1(T) is considered to be a novel species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas aidingensis sp. nov. is proposed, with Ad-1(T) (= CGMCC 1.10191(T) = NBRC 106173(T)) as the type strain.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces lutosisoli</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from muddy soil

A novel Gram-stain positive, spore-forming, aerobic actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-QTH3-11^T, was isolated from muddy soil collected from a stream in Qitaihe, Heilongjiang Province, northeast China and characterised using a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NEAU-QTH3-11^T belongs to the genus Streptomyces and is closely related to Streptomyces rhizosphaerihabitans NBRC 109807^T (99.38%) and Streptomyces mirabilis JCM 4791^T (99.03%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain formed a cluster with S. rhizosphaerihabitans NBRC 109807^T and Streptomyces siamensis NBRC 108799^T (98.62%). The menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H₈), MK-9(H₆) and MK-9(H₄). The phospholipid profile was found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_16:0, C_16:0 and C_15:0. However, multilocus sequence analysis based on five house-keeping genes (atpD, gyrB, rpoB, recA and trpB), low DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic, physiological and biochemical properties could differentiate the strain from its close relatives in the genus Streptomyces. Therefore, strain NEAU-QTH3-11^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces lutosisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with NEAU-QTH3-11^T (=DSM 42165^T=CGMCC 4.7198^T) as the type strain.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces shenzhenensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from mangrove sediment

An actinomycete strain, which was designated 172115^T, was isolated from mangrove soil in Shenzhen, China. Strain 172115^T fell within the genus Streptomyces in the 16S rRNA gene tree and could be grouped into this genus based on its chemotaxonomic and morphological data. The strain shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Streptomyces lanatus NBRC 12787^T (AB184845) (98.29%) and Streptomyces lucensis NBRC 13056^T (AB184280) (98.26%). The DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain 172115^T and the two most closely related type strains were low enough to justify the assignment of the strain to a novel species. On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 172115^T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which, the name Streptomyces shenzhenensis sp. nov. is proposed for strain 172115^T (=CCTCC AA 2011001^T=DSM 42034^T).