硅钾肥配施对水稻茎秆理化性状及抗倒伏能力的影响

该研究以易倒伏品种‘B优827’为试验材料,通过分析硅钾肥配合施用对水稻茎秆的弯曲力矩、抗折力以及倒伏指数的影响,探索通过肥料调控提高水稻抗倒伏能力的方法与技术措施。结果显示:(1)硅钾肥配施能显著增加水稻基部节间茎秆直径和壁厚,缩短节间长度,并在低硅中钾处理(T2,硅肥300kg/hm2、钾肥400kg/hm2)下基部各节间长度缩短幅度最大(12.44%~20.80%),直径和壁厚增加幅度分别为2.82%~5.76%、22.95%~28.57%。(2)硅钾肥配施处理后,水稻基部各节间纤维素、木质素及灰分含量显著变化,并以低硅中钾处理(T2)差异较显著,且基部节间木质素含量分别比对照显著提高14.55%、8.67%、7.73%。(3)硅钾肥配施处理能显著增加水稻基部节间抗折力,降低倒伏指数,同时仍以低硅中钾处理(T2)的抗折力最大、倒伏指数最小,对提高‘B优827’植株抗倒伏能力效果最好。研究表明,合理的硅钾肥配比(硅肥300kg/hm2、钾肥400kg/hm2)能显著增加易倒伏水稻品种‘B优827’的茎秆壁厚和直径,缩短基部节间长度,提高抗折力,同时还能增加其基部节间木质化程度,最终增强植株抗倒伏能力;硅钾肥配合施用可通过改善茎秆物理化学特性有效增强易倒伏水稻植株的抗倒伏能力。     

水稻不同生育期茎秆生化成分的变化及其与抗倒伏能力的关系

以抗倒伏品种‘南粳44’、‘武运粳7号’与不抗倒伏品系‘宁7412’为试验材料,通过对水稻不同生育期茎秆硅、钾、钙、镁含量及可溶性糖含量的测定,结合氮钾肥配比试验,研究了水稻不同生育期茎秆硅、钾、钙、镁含量及可溶性糖含量的变化及其与茎秆抗倒伏能力的关系。结果表明：水稻茎秆的硅、钙、镁含量及可溶性糖含量随生育进程呈上升趋势,而茎秆的钾含量呈现先降后升的趋势。在不同施肥水平条件下,水稻茎秆的硅、钾、钙、镁含量及可溶性糖含量存在一定的差异。抗倒伏品种‘南粳44’和‘武运粳7号’茎秆基部抗折力较强,施肥对水稻茎秆基部抗折力有一定的影响。水稻生殖生育期茎秆的硅含量、可溶性糖含量与茎秆基部抗折力呈极显著正相关（P〈0.01）,与水稻抗倒伏能力的强弱有一定的关系。     

不同养分和水分管理模式对水稻土质量的影响及其综合评价

田间小区试验下 ,通过对土壤理化和生物学特性指标的测定和分析 ,系统比较和研究了不同养分和水分管理模式对水稻土质量的影响及其综合评价。研究结果表明 :在干湿交替和控水模式下 ,有机无机肥配施可明显改善水稻土壤物理特性 ,提高土壤的有效养分含量 ,增加土壤酶的活性和土壤微生物生物量。在连续淹水下 ,土壤中加入有机物料 ,特别是厩肥 ,加剧了土壤的还原过程 ,削弱了有机肥料对水稻土理化特性和生物学特性的改善效果。模糊综合评判显示 ,有机无机肥配施的水稻土在干湿交替的水分模式下 ,其质量指标综合表现较好 ,特别是厩肥与化肥配施和干湿交替的水肥模式组合的隶属度为 0 .74 78,其土壤质量指标综合表现为最好。单施化肥和连续淹水的肥水模式组合的隶属度最低 ,为 0 .4 112     

水稻茎秆形态结构特征和化学成分与抗倒伏关系综述

水稻茎秆形态结构特征和化学成分与其抗倒伏性能相关。本文对水稻茎秆高度、茎秆基部第1、2节间长度、茎秆粗细、茎壁厚度、厚壁组织(机械组织)数量和强度、维管束数量、细胞壁纤维素和木质素含量、细胞中碳水化合物积累的数量、硅与钾的含量以及茎秆抗倒伏相关的QTL等与水稻的抗倒伏性的相互关系进行了综述,为水稻抗倒伏优良品种性状的选育提供参考。     

氮硅肥配施对水稻生长、产量及土壤肥力的影响

采用田间试验研究了氮硅肥配施对水稻生长、产量、养分吸收及土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明 ,氮、硅肥单施都能促进水稻生长及对养分的吸收 ,氮肥效果好于硅肥。氮硅肥配施下 ,水稻有效穗数、穗实粒数、千粒重、水稻产量以及水稻地上部生物量 ,植株氮、磷、钾、硅养分含量增幅均高于氮肥和硅肥单施。随施硅量增加 ,氮 /硅比率后期有明显下降趋势。氮硅配施提高了土壤速效氮含量和有效硅含量、降低了土壤速效钾含量 ,而对速效磷、pH、有机质及全氮无明显影响。     

稻油轮作下秸秆还田配施化肥对作物产量及肥料利用率的影响

水稻-油菜轮作集约化耕作导致土壤肥力下降,而秸秆还田是培肥土壤肥力的主要途径之一。通过水稻-油菜轮作田间长期定位试验,设置了秸秆不还田的不施氮肥(CK)和农民习惯处理(FPP),3个秸秆还田配施化肥处理(SF1、SF2、SF3),每年水稻秸秆以3000kg·hm~(-2)的量还田,SF1、SF2、SF3配施氮、磷、钾肥量依次增加,分析了水稻和油菜产量、养分积累利用及平衡状况。结果表明:不同施肥处理,水稻和油菜籽粒产量表现出相似的格局,即SF3SF2SF1FPP,但SF2与SF3产量差异不显著;与FPP比较,秸秆还田配施化肥处理周年平均产量增加了17.5%～28.6%,水稻和油菜氮、磷、钾积累量随施肥量的增加而增加,水稻氮、磷、钾积累量平均增加了21.7%、17.7%、14.0%,油菜则分别增加了22.4%、19.6%、51.8%,秸秆还田与增施钾肥使油菜钾积累量增幅最高;同样,秸秆还田配施化肥处理提高了水稻和油菜的氮肥偏生产力和农学利用率,其中氮肥偏生产力分别增加了8.1%～31.1%和4.2%～29.3%,以SF2增幅最高,但降低了磷肥和钾肥偏生产力;养分平衡计算显示,秸秆还田配施化肥处理水稻磷、钾亏缺,油菜氮、磷、钾盈余超出可接受范围。在水稻-油菜轮作体系中,秸秆还田配施化肥可以提高作物产量和养分积累量,增加氮肥利用率,大量磷、钾肥的投入及秸秆还田提供的养分造成了油菜养分盈余和肥料利用率下降,需进一步调整优化秸秆还田下化学肥料的投入量,使生产系统中养分循环利用更加合理和持续。     

15N交叉标记有机与无机肥料氮的转化与残留

有机无机肥配施能够培肥土壤,改善土壤氮素供给,但目前有机无机肥配施主要集中在化肥氮的研究,忽略秸秆氮对化肥氮转化的影响。为了解秸秆还田对不同氮源转化和残留的影响,采用¹⁵N对尿素和水稻秸秆进行交叉标记,在两种不同肥力水稻土 (粘土矿物类型为1 ∶ 1型红黄泥和2 ∶ 1型紫潮泥) 进行水稻盆栽试验。设置对照(CK),单施尿素(¹⁵NU)、标记尿素与稻草配施(¹⁵NU-S) 和标记稻草与尿素配施(¹⁵NS-U)4个处理。结果表明,水稻吸收的氮素60%以上来自土壤氮,土壤氮素肥力相对较低的红黄泥较之紫潮泥对肥料氮的依赖更强;水稻生长期间微生物同化的尿素氮占标记底物的百分数红黄泥为1.8%-8.3%,紫潮泥为1.8%-19.2%;微生物同化的秸杆氮占标记底物的百分数红黄泥为1.7%-5.0%,紫潮泥为2.0%-6.2%。而粘土矿物固持的尿素氮占标记底物的百分数,红黄泥为0.3%-2.1%,紫潮泥为3.5%-18.7%;粘土矿物固持的秸杆氮红黄泥为0.2%-0.9%,紫潮泥为1.7%-5.0%。水稻成熟期尿素氮的残留率,红黄泥¹⁵NU处理、¹⁵NU+S分别为14.5%和17.0%,紫潮泥分别为16.9%和17.1%。秸秆氮的残留率分别为红黄泥38.8%、紫潮泥41.5%;有机无机肥配施提高了微生物同化化肥氮的能力,降低了粘土矿物晶格固持化肥氮的水平。有机无机配施提高了化肥氮利用率同时,提高了有机形态氮残留,降低了无机形态氮(矿质氮+固定态铵)的残留。     

长期秸秆还田对水稻土团聚体及氮磷钾分配的影响

为了探究秸秆还田配施化肥条件下水稻土团聚体组成及其稳定性,以及土壤团聚体氮、磷、钾养分特征,本研究进行了34年定位试验,设置无肥(CK)、化肥(NPK)、秸秆还田+化肥(NPKS)3个处理。采用湿筛法测定0～20、20～40 cm土层水稳性团聚体组成,量化分析氮、磷、钾养分分配特征、贡献率和活化度。结果表明: 水稻土水稳性团聚体以>2 mm和0.25～1 mm粒级为主,<0.053 mm粒级含量最低。与CK相比,在0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层,NPKS处理增加了>2 mm和1～2 mm团聚体含量,降低了0.053～0.25 mm和<0.053 mm团聚体含量;NPK处理在0～20 cm土层也表现出与NPKS类似的规律。NPKS较NPK处理0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)提高3.9%～15.5%,几何平均直径(GMD)提高6.3%～41.7%,不稳定团粒指数(E_LT)降低5.7%～28.7%。NPKS处理显著提高了团聚体全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,尤其是直径>0.25 mm部分,但对碱解氮和全钾的提升效果与NPK处理差异不显著。水稻土团聚体养分贡献率受到其团聚体组成的影响,NPKS处理明显增大了>1 mm团聚体氮、磷、钾养分贡献率。秸秆还田配施化肥可提高0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层团聚体稳定性,并增加团聚体氮、磷、钾养分含量,尤其是大团聚体(>1 mm)。该研究结果为调节土壤碳氮比来保障稻田土壤质量和资源可持续发展提供了科学依据。     

有机无机肥配施提高麦-稻轮作系统中水稻氮肥利用率的机制

采用盆栽试验,研究了有机无机肥配施对麦-稻轮作系统中水稻氮素累积动态和土壤氮素供应动态的影响,并从微生物学角度探讨了有机无机肥协同提高水稻氮肥利用率的机制.结果表明：有机无机肥配施处理的土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和矿质态氮在水稻分蘖期前低于化肥处理,而在抽穗期至灌浆期显著高于其他处理.土壤氮素供应动态与水稻吸收利用氮素规律吻合程度最高,促进了水稻产量、生物量和氮素累积量的增加,显著提高了水稻的氮肥利用率.其主要机制是有机无机肥配施促进了土壤微生物繁殖,使其在水稻生育前期固持了较多的矿质氮,在水稻生育中、后期这些氮素逐渐被释放以供水稻吸收利用,较好地满足了水稻各阶段生长发育对氮素养分的需求.     

不同水氮条件下灌溉方式对玉米干物质量和氮钾利用的影响

由于作物需水随生育期的变化,分根区交替灌溉(AI)的节水效果也会随生育期而发生变化,探明不同生育期分根区交替灌溉对玉米生长和水分养分利用的影响,以期为分根区交替灌溉的实施和充分发挥其节水节肥效果奠定理论基础。通过盆栽试验,在2种灌水水平(正常灌水和轻度缺水)和2种有机无机氮比例(100%无机氮和70%无机氮+30%有机氮)下,以常规灌溉(CI)为对照,分别研究苗期—灌浆初期、苗期—拔节期以及拔节期—抽雄期进行AI对玉米干物质量、氮钾含量和吸收量以及土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量的影响。结果表明,在轻度缺水和有机无机氮肥配施下,与CI相比,拔节期—抽雄期分根区交替灌溉玉米地上部和总干物质量分别增加29.6%和27.4%,地上部和总N吸收量增加50.7%和50.4%。与单施无机氮肥相比,有机无机氮肥配施会在不同程度上增加地上部和总N吸收量,但是一般降低土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量,这说明在轻度缺水和有机无机N肥配施下,拔节期—抽雄期进行分根区交替灌溉提高玉米总干物质量和N吸收量。     

Comparison on physiological adaptation and phosphorus use efficiency of upland rice and lowland rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation

As one of the most widely promoted water-saving irrigation strategies for rice, alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) can not only save water but also increase mineral nutrient use efficiency. In this study, we compared the growth conditions of four rice varieties (two lowland and two upland varieties) under three irrigation regimes: continuously flooded (CF), alternate wetting and moderate soil drying (AWD15) and alternate wetting and severe soil drying (AWD30). AWD15 and AWD30 enabled the plants to receive fewer irrigation events and less irrigation water than CF, thereby saving both water resources and labor. AWD15 reduced redundant vegetative growth, promoted root growth, and increased the root-shoot ratio and harvest index. AWD15 increased the grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of upland rice and maintained the grain yield while increasing the WUE and PUE of lowland rice. More developed root systems under AWD helped upland rice to maintain a higher water status than lowland rice when plants were subjected to soil drying, which resulted in superior performance in grain yield in upland rice. AWD30 could not reconcile the demands of higher yield and the desire to reduce irrigation water use because it decreased grain yield. The results indicate that AWD15 irrigation of rice can not only increase rice yield and WUE but also enhance PUE, which can potentially reduce the use of phosphorus fertilizers. The results provide theoretical and technical support for improving rice cultivation.     

Effects of Different Irrigation Management on the Textural Properties of Double-Cropping Late <i>Indica</i> Rice in South China

In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation management on the textural properties of two different double-cropping late Indica rice, the effects of three irrigation management including conventional irrigation (CK), constant irrigation (CI) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) on textural properties has been researched under field conditions of two years. The results indicated that the firmness, cohesiveness and chewiness were decreased under AWD treatment, and the stickiness was increased compared with CK, while the textural properties under CI treatment showed the opposite trend with AWD treatment. Additionally, AWD treatment signifi- cantly improved the springiness of TY871 compared with CK and CI treatment, but had no significant effect in RYHZ, suggesting improvement of the cooking and eating quality of TY871 under AWD treatment. Correlation analysis showed that the chewiness was positively correlated with the firmness and cohesiveness, and the cohesiveness was positively correlated with the firmness. AWD could promote the textural properties of high-quality late Indica rice in South China whereas CI treatment has shown the disadvantage of the textural properties, which will provide useful information for the improvement of cooking and eating quality of rice.     

套作大豆苗期茎秆纤维素合成代谢与抗倒性的关系

为从茎秆强度的角度研究套作大豆苗期对荫蔽胁迫的响应及耐荫抗倒机制,采用耐荫性不同的3个大豆材料,在玉米大豆套作和单作两种种植模式下,对茎秆的纤维素、可溶性糖、蔗糖、淀粉含量及蔗糖代谢中关键酶活性以及茎秆抗折力、抗倒伏指数等进行测定,研究它们与套作大豆苗期倒伏的关系.套作大豆苗期倒伏严重,茎秆抗折力、抗倒伏指数、纤维素、可溶性糖、蔗糖、淀粉含量和相关酶活性均显著低于单作.不同大豆材料受套作荫蔽影响程度不同,强耐荫性大豆南豆12茎秆抗折力降低幅度最小,在套作环境下其茎秆抗折力、抗倒伏指数大,纤维素、可溶性糖、蔗糖、淀粉含量高,酶活性强.相关分析表明： 套作大豆苗期茎秆糖含量均与抗折力呈极显著正相关,与倒伏率呈极显著负相关;蔗糖含量与蔗糖磷酸合酶(SPS)、蔗糖合酶(SS)、中性转化酶(NI)活性呈极显著正相关,与酸性转化酶(AI)活性相关性不显著;纤维素含量与SPS、SS呈极显著正相关,与NI呈显著正相关,与AI相关性不显著.套作环境下,强耐荫性大豆苗期茎秆中较高的SPS、SS活性是其维持高蔗糖和纤维素含量的酶学基础,而高纤维素含量有利于提高茎秆强度,进而增强其抗倒伏能力.本研究应用玉米大豆套作种植系统,从苗期抗倒角度,探明了光环境对不同基因型大豆茎秆纤维素代谢的影响机制,为下一步筛选耐荫抗倒大豆品种提供了理论依据.     

Improvement of lodging resistance with QTLs for stem diameter in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Varietal differences among ten rice cultivars showed that stem diameter is a key factor in lodging resistance (measured in terms of pushing resistance). Two near-isogenic lines (NILs) were selected from a series of chromosome segment substitution lines developed between cultivars Nipponbar and Kasalath, one containing a single stem diameter QTL (sdm8; NIL114), and another with four stem diameter QTLs (sdm1, sdm7, sdm8, sdm12; NIL28). Compared with the Nipponbare control, stem diameters were larger in NIL114 and NIL28 by about 7 and 39%, respectively. Pushing resistance in NIL28 was significantly greater than in Nipponbare, but NIL114 was similar to Nipponbare. The two NILs had greater weight of lower stem and culm wall thickness than Nipponbare. NIL28 had higher plant height, which is a negative effect on lodging resistance, than Nipponbare. The non-structural carbohydrate contents of NIL stems were higher than that of Nipponbare, whereas the silicon contents were lower in the NILs, and cellulose contents were lower only in NIL28. The basal internodes of the two NILs were significantly stiffer than those of Nipponbare. These results suggest that increasing stem diameter in rice breeding programs would improve lodging resistance, although the combination of multiple QTLs would be necessary to produce thicker stems with higher pushing resistance, whereas the higher plant height could also result from the combination of multiple QTLs.     

Promising Role of Moderate Soil Drying and Subsequent Recovery Through Moderate Wetting at Grain-Filling Stage for Rice Yield Enhancement

The study was conducted at the grain-filling stage to elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the root to enhance yield under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) compared with conventional irrigation. Measurements of root dry weight (RDW), seed setting rate, total kernel weight, and grain yield were determined along with 2D electrophoresis to detect altered protein expression in response to moderate soil drying (MD) and the subsequent recovery phase as moderate wetting (MW) under AWD compared with continuous wetting under CI. We found significant enhancement in RDW as well as 14.30 % increase in inferior spikelets^, seed setting and 10.32 g m⁻² increase in final yield. Among the total 55 differentially expressed proteins, 26 proteins were differentially expressed under both MD treatment and MW treatment, whereas 14 proteins under MD and 15 proteins under MW showed distinct expression. Differentially expressed proteins were involved in redox homeostasis, signaling, defense, energy, photoassimilate remobilization and included 14-3-3 proteins, cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione S-transferases, translationally controlled tumor protein, remorin C-terminal domain containing protein, protein disulfide isomerase, DnaK family protein, cysteine synthase, aminotransferase, phosphoglycerate mutase, pyruvate phosphate dikinase, ATP synthase, and abscisic acid stress ripening (ASR1). The differential expression ratio of the signaling, redox, and defense group proteins was almost the same under MD and MW. ABA signaling, amino acid synthesis, and N remobilization were upregulated under MD, and the enzymes involved in carbohydrate, energy, and transportation metabolism were upregulated under MW. In conclusion, at the rice grain-filling stage, AWD is a potential technique to trigger signaling and the enzymatic protein network for systematic senescence initiation, root enlargement for maximum nutrient uptake, and maximize photoassimilate remobilization for yield enhancement.

     

Nitrogen fertiliser and establishment method affect growth,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation

Sustainable rice production through selection of best suitable cultivar, water-efficient crop establishment method and optimum nitrogen (N) management practice is needed to feed the growing world population. Two polyhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of rice to different rates and schedules of N application under different establishment methods subjected to alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation. In the first experiment, the response of two rice cultivars (Pathumthani 1, RD57) under three establishment methods (transplanting [TP], wet direct seeding [WDS], dry direct seeding [DDS]) and five N rates (0 [N₀], 30 [N₃₀], 60 [N₆₀], 90 [N₉₀], 120 [N₁₂₀] kg ha⁻¹) was evaluated. The second experiment consisted of the same cultivars and establishment methods, but with four N application schedules (T₁: 100% at basal; T₂: 75% + 25% at basal and at active tillering, respectively; T₃: 50% + 25% + 25% at basal, at active tillering and at panicle initiation, respectively; and T₄: 25% + 25% + 25% + 25% each at basal, at active tillering, at panicle initiation and at early flowering or just before heading starts) applied at the rate of N₆₀ kg ha⁻¹. Plants were maintained under AWD irrigation (soil was saturated by applying water whenever soil water potential drops to −5 kPa during the implementation period) in both experiments. RD57 performed better than Pathumthani 1 having higher shoot dry matter, panicle number, grain yield, total N uptake and apparent N recovery efficiency. TP gave better response than WDS and DDS regardless of cultivars. Application of N₁₂₀ resulted in better growth, yield and its components and total N uptake regardless of establishment methods and cultivars. Increasing N rate decreased N use efficiency (NUE). Scheduling the interval of N application to two or three times (T₂ or T₃) for RD57 and Pathumthani 1, respectively, provided overall better results, and could be recommended for the tested rice cultivars. An optimal N rate and selection of critical growth stages for N application would be very effective for maximising yield and NUE under the water-saving cultivation technique of AWD irrigation.     

Proteomic analysis of positive influence of alternate wetting and moderate soil drying on the process of rice grain filling

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world to feed ever increasing world population. An increase in output of rice crop per unit is imminent. Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying (AWD) irrigation technology has been recommended as a good practice method to improve grain filling of rice crop at late growing stages. Physiological, molecular and agronomic parameters were adopted to elucidate the role of rice stem and sheath under AWD treatment as compared to the conventional irrigation during the grain filling stage. AWD treatment significantly increased stem and sheath dry weight, carbohydrate reserves and their remobilization to the grain, especially inferior spikelet grains. The results showed that the transport and conversion rate of the stem and sheath photoassimilates increased by 9.87 and 8.37%, respectively. Furthermore, protein expression profiles of the stem and sheath at 10, 20 and 30 days after flowering were analyzed. We examined 220 differentially expressed proteins, and successfully identified 166 proteins, including 71 proteins in the stem and 95 proteins in the sheath involved in thirteen important functional groups. Our results suggest that the AWD treatment at the rice grain filling stage is highly conducive to trigger the mobilization of the N assimilates from leave and root to the stem and sheath, and then promotes to remobilize the reserves to the grain through coordinately expressed proteins involved in photosynthesis, systematic senescence, oxidative stress defense, signal transduction and other metabolisms. This study reveals the metabolic mechanism of the stem and sheath in response to AWD at grain filling stage, and provides theoretical evidence for better quality control and scientific improvement of rice in practice.     

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions,water use,and grain arsenic levels in rice systems

Agriculture is faced with the challenge of providing healthy food for a growing population at minimal environmental cost. Rice (Oryza sativa), the staple crop for the largest number of people on earth, is grown under flooded soil conditions and uses more water and has higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than most crops. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that alternate wetting and drying (AWD – flooding the soil and then allowing to dry down before being reflooded) water management practices will maintain grain yields and concurrently reduce water use, greenhouse gas emissions and arsenic (As) levels in rice. Various treatments ranging in frequency and duration of AWD practices were evaluated at three locations over 2 years. Relative to the flooded control treatment and depending on the AWD treatment, yields were reduced by <1–13%; water‐use efficiency was improved by 18–63%, global warming potential (GWP of CH₄ and N₂O emissions) reduced by 45–90%, and grain As concentrations reduced by up to 64%. In general, as the severity of AWD increased by allowing the soil to dry out more between flood events, yields declined while the other benefits increased. The reduction in GWP was mostly attributed to a reduction in CH₄ emissions as changes in N₂O emissions were minimal among treatments. When AWD was practiced early in the growing season followed by flooding for remainder of season, similar yields as the flooded control were obtained but reduced water use (18%), GWP (45%) and yield‐scaled GWP (45%); although grain As concentrations were similar or higher. This highlights that multiple environmental benefits can be realized without sacrificing yield but there may be trade‐offs to consider. Importantly, adoption of these practices will require that they are economically attractive and can be adapted to field scales.