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1.
通过理性设计提高蛋白质的热稳定性一直是当今计算生物学及蛋白质工程领域中的一个研究热点。与传统的定向进化的方法相比,该方法具有目的性强、效率高的优点,对扩大蛋白质的应用范围与探究蛋白质结构和功能的关系均具有重要意义。本文详细介绍了影响蛋白质热稳定性的因素,以及一些常用的通过理性设计来提高蛋白质的热稳定性的策略。由于影响蛋白质热稳定性的因素众多,并且众多因素之间还具有千丝万缕的联系,到目前为止研究人员还没有提出一个公认的适合于所有蛋白质的理性设计的策略,这也是现代计算生物学家及蛋白质工程学家们努力研究的一个重要方向。  相似文献   

2.
王睿  喻晓蔚  徐岩 《微生物学通报》2018,45(11):2311-2319
【背景】华根霉脂肪酶的工业应用前景广泛,但是受到酶热稳定性较差的限制。【目的】对华根霉Rhizopus chinensis CCTCC M201021脂肪酶r27RCL分子结构进行理性设计,以提高该酶热稳定性。【方法】以Disulfide by design软件筛选r27RCL分子表面能够形成二硫键的突变位点,共得到7对二硫键突变。利用全质粒PCR进行定点突变,并在毕赤酵母中表达获得突变酶。【结果】最佳突变酶m9/10 (S85C-Q145C)与野生型酶r27RCL相比,60°C下的半衰期分别提高了4.5倍,T_m值提高了4.2°C,而催化活性保持不变。蛋白质晶体结构模拟显示,位于β2折叠上的85C和位于α4螺旋上的145C可形成二硫键,从而提高酶的热稳定性。【结论】酶分子中引入新增二硫键可以显著提升酶的热稳定性。  相似文献   

3.
转氨酶(ω-transaminase,ω-TA)作为一种天然的生物催化剂,在手性胺类化合物的合成中具有较好的应用前景。但ω-TA在催化非天然底物的反应过程中存在稳定性差、活性低的缺陷,大大限制了ω-TA的应用。为改善此缺陷,针对来源于土曲霉(Aspergillus terreus)的(R)-ω-TA(At TA),采用基于分子动力学模拟的计算机辅助设计与随机突变、组合突变相结合的策略进行酶的热稳定性改造,获得了热稳定性与活性同步提高的最佳突变酶At TA-E104D/A246V/R266Q (M3)。与At TA野生酶(wild-type, WT)相比,M3的半衰期t1/2 (35℃)由17.8 min提升至102.7 min,提升了4.8倍,半失活温度T5010比WT (38.1℃)提高2.2℃。最佳突变酶M3对丙酮酸和1-(R)-苯乙胺的催化效率分别是野生酶的1.59倍和1.56倍。分子动力学模拟与分子对接结果表明,分子内氢键与疏水相互作用的增加所导致α-螺旋的加固稳定是酶热稳定性提升的主要原因;底物分子与结合口袋氨...  相似文献   

4.
目的:探索牛肠激酶催化亚基工程菌高效表达的培养条件。方法:牛肠激酶催化亚基基因的初步表达,筛选构建工程菌,从以下方面入手优化培养条件:培养基的组成、摇瓶发酵培养条件、培养基的PH、种龄、接种量、培养时间等,并且通过Western Blotting和SDS-PAGE等鉴定不同条件下的实验结果,从而确定最佳培养条件。结果:通过鉴定实验结果,从不同种平行培养条件中选择产量最高的培养条件,作为最优培养条件。结论:成功地探索并鉴定了工程菌的适宜培养条件。  相似文献   

5.
目的:探索牛肠激酶催化亚基工程菌高效表达的培养条件。方法:牛肠激酶催化亚基基因的初步表达,筛选构建工程菌,从以下方面入手优化培养条件:培养基的组成、摇瓶发酵培养条件、培养基的PH、种龄、接种量、培养时间等,并且通过Western Blotting和SDS-PAGE等鉴定不同条件下的实验结果,从而确定最佳培养条件。结果:通过鉴定实验结果,从不同种平行培养条件中选择产量最高的培养条件,作为最优培养条件。结论:成功地探索并鉴定了工程菌的适宜培养条件。  相似文献   

6.
杨倩  汤斌  李松 《生物工程学报》2018,34(7):1117-1127
真菌α-淀粉酶被广泛应用于麦芽糖浆生产工业,但其热稳定性普遍较差,在制糖工艺中增加了由于酶活力损失而引起的追加生产成本。在充分研究了热稳定性对于真菌α-淀粉酶应用于工业生产的重要性的基础上,为提高米根霉α-淀粉酶(ROAmy)的热稳定性,基于酶蛋白B-factor分析和分子动力学模拟,利用重叠PCR技术分别对ROAmy中的3个氨基酸残基G128、K269和G393进行了单点突变及组合突变。结果表明,所获得的7个突变体均比原酶具有更好的热稳定性,其中效果最好的为组合突变体G128L/K269L/G393P,其在55℃下的热失活半衰期(t_(1/2))约为原酶的5.63倍。同时,该突变体的最适温度由50℃提高到了65℃,最大反应速率(V_(max))和催化效率(k_(cat)/K_m)分别提高了65.38%和99.86%。通过蛋白结构功能比较分析,发现氢键数目的增多或脯氨酸在特殊位置中的引入可能是突变体热稳定性得到提高的主要因素。  相似文献   

7.
【背景】D(-)-酒石酸是非天然有机酸,在保健品、食品和肿瘤药物合成等行业具有重大应用潜力,目前主要通过生物转化法生产,即顺式环氧琥珀酸水解酶[cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase,CESH(D)]水解顺式环氧琥珀酸(cis-epoxysuccinic acid, ESH)生成D(-)-酒石酸。该法简单温和,但存在CESH(D)酶活转化效率低下的瓶颈问题。【目的】通过基因工程改造,提高CESH(D)的酶活力、温度和pH稳定性。【方法】利用定向进化和半理性设计体外改造CESH(D),高通量筛选出正向突变体;然后对其进行酶学性质研究,包括比酶活、温度和pH对酶催化效率的影响、酶的温度稳定性、pH稳定性及酶促动力学分析;最后通过分子对接等手段分析突变位点影响催化活性的初步机制。【结果】筛选获得4个正向突变体L231P/N226S、V77I、D183E和T223S。与野生型相比,4个突变体的比酶活分别提高2.2、1.6、1.5和1.4倍。其中,L231P/N226S的温度稳定性和pH稳定性较野生型均有显著提高,55℃时催化活性为野生型的1.6倍,pH 6.0时催化活...  相似文献   

8.
葡萄糖氧化酶(glucose oxidase,GOD,EC 1.1.3.4)是一种耗氧脱氢酶,可催化葡萄糖产生葡萄糖酸和过氧化氢,这种特殊的作用机制使其具有良好应用前景。但天然GOD催化活力低、热稳定性差成为制约其工业化生产应用的主要因素。本研究以目前报道的热稳定性好的葡萄糖氧化酶AtGOD为源序列,通过进化分析,以期获得性能优良的GOD。筛选并成功合成了6个基因进行功能验证,其中异形曲霉(Aspergillus heteromorphus)的葡萄糖氧化酶AhGODB在毕赤酵母中表达后表现出较好的热稳定性和催化活性。其最适温度为40℃,比活力为112.2 U/mg,70℃处理5 min后的剩余酶活为47%。为进一步提高其活性和热稳定性,利用定向进化结合理性设计的方法获得多个突变体。其中,突变体T72R/A153P最适温度由野生型酶的40℃提高到50℃,比活力由112.2 U/mg提高到166.1 U/mg,70℃处理30 min后的剩余酶活由野生型酶的完全失活提高到33%。综上所述,本研究获得的葡萄糖氧化酶突变体在催化活性和热稳定性上有所提升,具有一定的应用潜力。  相似文献   

9.
糖苷酶作为绿色温和的生物催化剂,能够水解包含糖苷、寡糖、多糖等在内的各种含糖化合物的糖苷键生成具有高生理和药理活性的衍生物,在食品、医药等工业领域应用广泛.而工业应用的糖苷酶经常需在高温条件下进行催化,以提高反应效率并减少污染,但大多数糖苷酶属于中温酶,在实际生产条件下的活性较低且损失较快,因此,提高糖苷酶在高温下的稳...  相似文献   

10.
【背景】南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B (Candida antarctica lipase B,CALB)具有优异的酯合成活性,是在非水相催化中应用极为广泛的工业用酶。【目的】在保留CALB优秀催化性能的基础上,提高CALB的热稳定性。【方法】采用预测软件PoPMuSiC和FoldX计算CALB潜在热稳定性突变位点,并根据氨基酸残基的空间位置进一步筛选。利用重叠延伸PCR技术在基因calb中引入10个单点突变,于毕赤酵母GS115中表达。【结果】点突变A146G、A151P、L278M均能有效提高CALB的热稳定性。在单点突变的基础上,组合突变体A146G-L278M和A146G-L278M-A151P的热稳定性得到进一步提高。与野生型相比,突变体A146G-L278M和A146G-L278M-A151P的最适反应温度均提高了5°C,T_m值分别提高了3.3°C和4.2°C。此外,合成己酸乙酯的酶促反应动力学分析表明,相比于野生型,突变体A146G-L278M和A146G-L278M-A151P对己酸和乙醇均具有更高的亲和力,且对己酸的催化效率k_(catA)/K_(m A)是野生型的4.1倍。通过分子动力学模拟,从分子水平阐明了突变体A146G-L278M和A146G-L278M-A151P热稳定性提高的机制。【结论】本研究采用的理性设计策略对提高CALB的热稳定性是行之有效的,该策略可作为其他工业用酶提高热稳定性的参考。  相似文献   

11.
    
Thermostability has been considered as a requirement in the starch processing industry to maintain high catalytic activity of pullulanase under high temperatures. Four data driven rational design methods (B-FITTER, proline theory, PoPMuSiC-2.1, and sequence consensus approach) were adopted to identify the key residue potential links with thermostability, and 39 residues of Bacillus acidopullulyticus pullulanase were chosen as mutagenesis targets. Single mutagenesis followed by combined mutagenesis resulted in the best mutant E518I-S662R-Q706P, which exhibited an 11-fold half-life improvement at 60 °C and a 9.5 °C increase in Tm. The optimum temperature of the mutant increased from 60 to 65 °C. Fluorescence spectroscopy results demonstrated that the tertiary structure of the mutant enzyme was more compact than that of the wild-type (WT) enzyme. Structural change analysis revealed that the increase in thermostability was most probably caused by a combination of lower stability free-energy and higher hydrophobicity of E518I, more hydrogen bonds of S662R, and higher rigidity of Q706P compared with the WT. The findings demonstrated the effectiveness of combined data-driven rational design approaches in engineering an industrial enzyme to improve thermostability.  相似文献   

12.
Engineering proteins for thermostability is an exciting and challenging field since it is critical for broadening the industrial use of recombinant proteins. Thermostability of proteins arises from the simultaneous effect of several forces such as hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bonds, salt bridges and hydrogen bonds. All of these interactions lead to decreased flexibility of polypeptide chain. Structural studies of mesophilic and thermophilic proteins showed that the latter need more rigid structures to compensate for increased thermal fluctuations. Hence flexibility can be an indicator to pinpoint weak spots for enhancing thermostability of enzymes. A strategy has been proven effective in enhancing proteins' thermostability with two steps: predict flexible sites of proteins firstly and then rigidify these sites. We refer to this approach as rigidify flexible sites (RFS) and give an overview of such a method through summarizing the methods to predict flexibility of a protein, the methods to rigidify residues with high flexibility and successful cases regarding enhancing thermostability of proteins using RFS.  相似文献   

13.
Many studies have been undertaken to characterise alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) from thermophiles and hyperthermophiles, mainly to better understand their activities and thermostability. To date, there are 20 thermophilic archaeal and 17 thermophilic bacterial strains known to have ADHs or similar enzymes, including the hypothetical proteins. Some of these thermophiles are found to have multiple ADHs, sometimes of different types. A rigid delineation of amino acid sequences amongst currently elucidated thermophilic ADHs and similar proteins is phylogenetically apparent. All are NAD(P)-dependent, with one exception that utilises the cofactor F(420) instead. Within the NAD(P)-dependent group, the thermophilic ADHs are orderly clustered as zinc-dependent ADHs, short-chain ADHs, and iron-containing/activated ADHs. Distance matrix calculations reveal that thermophilic ADHs within one type are homologous, with those derived from a single genus often showing high similarities. Elucidation of the enzyme activity and stability, coupled with structure analysis, provides excellent information to explain the relationship between them, and thermophilic ADHs diversity.  相似文献   

14.
The engineering of protein stability is of major importance for the application of enzymes in a wide range of industrial applications. Here we study the determinants of the thermo- and solvent stability of the Zymomonas mobilis ene reductase NCR using a rational protein engineering approach based on analyses of structural and sequence data. We designed and created two loop mutants with the aim to increase their overall stability. They all retained catalytic activity but exhibited altered thermostability relative to the wild-type enzyme. The modulation of one specific loop segment near the active site of NCR showed an increased tolerance to organic solvents along with an enhanced thermostability.  相似文献   

15.
本研究用宇佐美曲霉Aspergillus usamii的5家族β-甘露聚糖酶AuMan5A为母本,借助同源建模、分子对接及分子动力学模拟等理性设计方法,将AuMan5A的N-末端和C-末端分别截去3个无规则的氨基酸残基,构建出截短的β-甘露聚糖酶 AuMan5AN3C3.将AuMan5A和AuMan5AN3C3的编码基因分别在毕赤酵母GS115中进行表达,对表达产物进行了初步纯化并分析比较了其酶学特性及各自的表达水平. 结果表明,reAuMan5A和reAuMan5AN3C3的最适温度Topt均为70 ℃,reAuMan5AN3C3在60 ℃的半衰期t1/260为38 min,较reAuMan5A(t1/260=40 min)略有降低;在相同表达条件下,reAuMan5AN3C3上清液的β-甘露聚糖酶活性为73.4 U/mL,较reAuMan5A 的52.8 U/mL提高了39.0%;纯化的reAuMan5AN3C3酶比活性为182.7 U/mg protein,较reAuMan5A的126.3 U/mg protein提高了44.7%. 与reAuMan5A相比,reAuMan5AN3C3对角豆胶的Km值下降不明显,Vmax值有显著提高.  相似文献   

16.
以酿酒酵母基因组为模板通过PCR分别扩增胱硫醚β合成酶(cystathionine β-synthase,CBS)和胱硫醚β-裂解酶(cystathionine β-lyase,CBL)目的基因片段,经无缝克隆构建表达质粒并转化大肠杆菌菌株E.coli BL21(DE3)。经诱导表达和纯化后,重组蛋白的纯度均达到90%,回收率均达到80%,可溶表达量分别为26 mg/L和332 mg/L。经催化活性测定,CBS的单位酶活为15 U/mg,CBL的单位酶活为72 U/mg。在此基础上初步开发了循环酶法同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)检测试剂盒,实验结果证明该试剂盒的有效性和稳定性均符合体外诊断检测的要求,其检测性能与市售进口同类试剂盒基本一致。  相似文献   

17.
    
Hydrogen-bonded beta-turns in proteins occur in four categories: type I (the most common), type II, type II', and type I'. Asx-turns resemble beta-turns, in that both have an NH. . .OC hydrogen bond forming a ring of 10 atoms. Serine and threonine side chains also commonly form hydrogen-bonded turns, here called ST-turns. Asx-turns and ST-turns can be categorized into four classes, based on side chain rotamers and the conformation of the central turn residue, which are geometrically equivalent to the four types of beta-turns. We propose asx- and ST-turns be named using the type I, II, I', and II' beta-turn nomenclature. Using this, the frequency of occurrence of both asx- and ST-turns is: type II' > type I > type II > type I', whereas for beta-turns it is type I > type II > type I' > type II'. Almost all type II asx-turns occur as a recently described three residue feature named an asx-nest.  相似文献   

18.
    
Residue Asn47 at position L1 of a type II' beta-turn of the alpha-spectrin SH3 domain is located in a disallowed region of the Ramachandran plot (phi = 56 +/- 12, psi = -118 +/- 17). Therefore, it is expected that replacement of Asn47 by Gly should result in a considerable stabilization of the protein. Thermodynamic analysis of the N47G and N47A mutants shows that the change in free energy is small (approximately 0.7 kcal/mol; approximately 3 kJ/mol) and comparable to that found when mutating a Gly to Ala in a alpha-helix or beta-sheet. X-ray structural analysis of these mutants shows that the conformation of the beta-turn does not change upon mutation and, therefore, that there is no relaxation of the structure, nor is there any gain or loss of interactions that could explain the small energy change. Our results indicate that the energetic definition of II' region of the Ramachandran plot (phi = 60 +/- 30, psi = -115 +/- 15) should be revised for at least Ala and Asn in structure validation and protein design.  相似文献   

19.
糖原合酶激酶-3β(glycogen synthase kinase-3β,GSK-3β)是一种多功能丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,通过磷酸化酪氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸位点介导Wnt、Hedgehog、NF-κB和PI3K/Akt等信号通路,参与各类细胞功能的调节。GSK-3β在不同信号通路和细胞类型中扮演不同的角色,导致其在不同的恶性肿瘤中发挥促癌或抑癌的双重作用,与癌细胞的迁移和侵袭有直接关系。在胰腺癌和结肠癌研究中,GSK-3β的高表达调控通过相关信号通路,增强细胞增殖调控因子表达,抑制负性调控因子的活性,促进癌细胞的增殖。GSK-3β能激活上皮细胞间质转型过程中相关因子的表达,增强癌细胞扩散能力;相反,在胃癌和肺癌中,GSK-3β具有积极的抑癌作用。GSK-3β通过阻滞细胞周期和诱导细胞凋亡发挥抑癌作用,通过调节Wnt和PI3K/Akt信号通路,负向调控癌细胞的生长与侵袭,并且GSK-3β磷酸化相关因子以减弱其对癌细胞转移能力的刺激。本文总结了GSK-3β在不同恶性肿瘤中的作用及机制,并针对研究中存在的问题进行分析与展望,为相关领域的研究提供一定的理论基础。  相似文献   

20.
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