运用CRISPR/Cas9技术敲除人源黏着斑蛋白基因

目的:建立CRISPR/Cas9n系统,用于敲除人源黏着斑蛋白(VCL)基因。方法:设计一个靶向人源VCL基因第3个外显子的单向导RNA(sgRNA),分别克隆表达载体后,通过慢病毒转入人MDA-MB-231细胞,通过PCR及Western印迹检测细胞株中VCL基因的敲除效果。结果:测序结果显示靶向VCL基因CRISPR/Cas9重组质粒构建成功;PCR产物测序结果表明本次设计的Cas9/sgRNA能够对VCL基因进行编辑敲除;Western印迹显示Cas9-VCL组的MDA-MB-231细胞内VCL表达水平较对照组显著降低。结论:通过CRISPR/Cas9系统获得了靶向VCL基因的重组质粒,构建的重组质粒能有效敲除VCL。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建大鼠L2细胞α-ENaC基因敲除稳定细胞株

利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建大鼠L2细胞α-ENaC基因敲除的细胞株,研究α-ENaC基因对细胞增殖的影响。构建敲除α-ENaC基因的CRISPR/Cas9表达载体和筛选报告载体,通过转染和嘌呤霉素筛选获得单克隆细胞株,Western Blot、测序确定突变的细胞株,CCK-8检测突变细胞株的增殖活力。成功构建靶向α-ENaC基因第一外显子的CRISPR/Cas9表达载体和筛选报告载体,嘌呤霉素筛选后,挑选8个单细胞克隆中有两个单细胞克隆α-ENaC蛋白表达下降,一个单细胞克隆α-ENaC蛋白不再表达,测序结果显示3个单细胞克隆分别为2个单等位基因突变和1个双等位基因突变,且未发现脱靶现象。突变细胞株的增殖活力降低,其中双等位基因突变细胞株增殖活力降低更为显著。因此,利用CRISPR/Cas9结合SSA-RPG报告载体成功获得了α-ENaC基因敲除的L2细胞株,α-ENaC与细胞增殖有关。     

基于CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统构建敲除TSPAN4基因的非小细胞肺癌细胞系

利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统敲除TSPAN4基因,构建TSPAN4基因稳定敲除的非小细胞肺癌A549细胞株,并检测其对A549细胞迁移、侵袭能力的影响,为后期探讨迁移体在非小细胞肺癌转移过程中的作用提供实验基础。以质粒pSpCas9(BB)-2A-Puro(px459)为载体,与设计好的引物连接后得到敲除载体px459-sgRNA-TSPAN4。以jetPRIME?为转染试剂,将构建好的质粒转染至A549细胞系,嘌呤霉素筛选单克隆细胞株并使用Western blot实验鉴定A549细胞系中TSPAN4基因的敲除效果,细胞划痕实验和Transwell实验检测敲除TSPAN4基因对A549细胞迁移、侵袭能力的影响。该研究成功构建了TSPAN4基因编辑质粒px459-sgRNA-TSPAN4。Western blot结果显示敲除TSPAN4基因能够显著降低A549细胞株中TSPAN4蛋白表达量;敲除TSPAN4基因对A549细胞迁移、侵袭能力的影响在统计学上无显著性差异,降低了N-cadherin的表达,对E-cadherin表达的影响不大。以上研究表明,使用CRISPR/Cas9...     

RNA干扰对MDA-MB-231细胞中CaSR基因表达的影响

目的:运用RNA干扰技术,观察siRNA表达载体在乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231中对CaSR基因表达的影响。方法:构建靶向CaSR基因的RNA干扰表达载体,用脂质体转染乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231,运用Real-Time荧光定量PCR,Westernblot技术分别从mRNA以及蛋白表达水平检测CaSR基因表达的变化。结果:所构建的质粒载体成功的在MDA-MB-231细胞中抑制了CaSR mRNA及其蛋白的表达。与对照组相比,psiRNA-CaSR载体对CaSR mRNA的抑制率达到65%,对CaSR蛋白抑制率约为70%。结论:实验证明所设计的shRNA片段可以有效地抑制CaSR基因的表达,为下一步研究工作奠定了基础。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建FHL1基因敲除的HepG2稳定细胞株及其功能鉴定

目的:利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术敲除人肝癌细胞HepG2中的四个半LIM结构域蛋白1(FHL1)基因,构建FHL1基因敲除的HepG2稳定细胞株。方法:根据CRISPR/Cas9靶点设计规则,设计特异性识别FHL1基因第三外显子相关序列的上下游小向导RNA,构建真核重组表达质粒,测序鉴定后,将重组质粒包装慢病毒感染HepG2细胞,用嘌呤霉素抗性筛选稳定敲除FHL1基因的细胞株,用免疫印迹法鉴定HepG2细胞中FHL1基因的敲除效果,利用生长曲线实验和划痕实验检测基因敲除对细胞生长和迁移的影响。结果:筛选出敲除FHL1基因的HepG2细胞株,且FHL1基因敲除显著促进细胞的增殖和迁移。结论:利用CRISPR/Cas9技术获得了内源FHL1基因敲除细胞株,初步实验提示敲除FHL1基因可以促进肝癌细胞增殖和迁移,为后续研究FHL1在肝癌中的功能奠定了基础。     

CRISPR/Cas9技术介导的稳定沉默LDHA表达对肺癌A549细胞增殖的影响

目的:利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建稳定沉默乳酸脱氢酶A(LDHA)的A549细胞系,并探讨LDHA沉默对细胞增殖能力的影响。方法:构建特异性靶向LDHA基因的CRISPR/Cas9系统重组载体p X260-LDHA,转染A549细胞后经嘌呤霉素筛选获得LDHA沉默的稳定细胞株,并用定量PCR和免疫印迹实验分别检测LDHA m RNA和蛋白的沉默效率。利用MTT法检测A549细胞的增殖情况。结果:测序结果证实,CRISPR/Cas9系统重组载体p X260-LDHA构建成功;筛选出LDHA沉默A549细胞株,定量PCR和免疫印迹实验证实LDHA m RNA和蛋白的表达量均明显下调。MTT法证实:培养24,48,72h后,LDHA沉默A549细胞与对照细胞相比,其增殖被抑制。结论:转染靶向LDHA基因的CRISPR/Cas9系统重组载体,可明显下调LDHA m RNA和蛋白表达,抑制肺癌细胞A549的增殖。     

骨唾液酸蛋白基因沉默抑制乳腺癌细胞与骨基质粘附

旨在探索骨唾液酸蛋白 (Bone sialoprotein,BSP) 基因沉默对亲骨转移乳腺癌细胞 (MDA-MB-231BO) 与骨基质粘附能力的影响,为以BSP为靶点的乳腺癌骨转移预防和靶向治疗提供实验依据。体外检测BSP基因沉默对乳腺癌细胞与小鼠骨基质粘附能力的影响,MTS法检测细胞增殖能力;扫描电镜观察骨片表面肿瘤细胞粘附情况和骨吸收状况;ELISA法检测骨基质细胞粘附培养上清中TGF-β1和RANKL表达分泌量差异;左心室注射法构建裸鼠骨转移模型,检测不同细胞株在裸鼠体内转移能力。结果提示BSP     

UPF1在乳腺癌细胞中的表达与作用的研究

目的:观察UPF1在乳腺癌中的表达,对人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响,及其可能的作用机制.方法:使用生物信息学方法分析UPF1在乳腺癌组织中的表达及作用,构建UPF1小干扰RNA(siRNA)并转染乳腺癌MDA-MB-231和MCF-7细胞株,构建外源性的UPF1低表达的重组细胞,通过实时荧光定...     

利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建CDH1基因敲除的人乳腺癌MCF-7稳定细胞系

目的:利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建CDH1基因缺失的人乳腺癌MCF-7稳定细胞系。方法:根据CRISPR/Cas9靶点设计原则,设计能特异性针对CDH1基因的sgRNA,以lentiCRISPR v2质粒为骨架构建能表达此sgRNA和Cas9蛋白的重组质粒。测序鉴定后,将重组质粒与逆转录病毒包装质粒VSVG、PAX2在氯化钙介导下共同转入HEK293T细胞进行病毒包装,转染48 h后收集病毒上清,直接感染人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞。采用嘌呤霉素筛选CDH1缺失的乳腺癌MCF-7细胞,通过DNA测序、Western印迹及免疫荧光染色实验验证获得的MCF-7细胞。结果:构建了靶向CDH1的CRISPR/Cas9质粒;DNA测序和Western印迹实验结果表明获得了稳定敲除CDH1的人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞。免疫荧光染色结果显示,相比对照组,稳定敲除CDH1的MCF-7细胞中已无法明显观察到E-钙黏蛋白的表达分布。结论:通过CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建了CDH1基因缺失的MCF7细胞系,为进一步研究CDH1在肿瘤免疫治疗中的作用提供了基础。     

稳定表达Cas9蛋白的SW620细胞株构建

摘要 目的：建立稳定表达Cas9蛋白的SW620人结肠癌细胞系的单克隆细胞株,提高基因编辑效率,为利用基于CRISPR/Cas9技术的高通量筛选结肠癌相关致病基因提供细胞工具。方法：用Cas9慢病毒侵染SW620细胞系,用致死剂量的puro筛选5-7天,通过有限稀释法获得单克隆细胞株。提取单克隆细胞基因组进行Sanger测序,筛选出含有Cas9基因序列的单克隆细胞株。利用基于SSA修复荧光素酶的报告系统检测单克隆细胞株中Cas9的编辑活性,并通过细胞增殖实验检测Cas9蛋白的表达是否影响细胞增殖。结果：获得了两个表达Cas9蛋白的SW620单克隆细胞株,并通过Sanger测序验证了Cas9序列;荧光素酶报告系统检测显示单克隆细胞株的Cas9蛋白有较高的编辑活性;细胞增殖实验显示Cas9蛋白的表达对SW620增殖活性影响不大。结论：本研究利用慢病毒感染的方式,构建了稳定表达Cas9蛋白的SW620单克隆细胞株,为后续大规模筛选与人结肠癌相关的基因突变提供了细胞工具。     

鞘氨醇激酶1参与依托泊苷抑制人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞增殖、迁移的研究

目的利用抑制乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞中SK-1基因表达,结合依托泊苷对细胞增殖的影响,研究乳腺癌的治疗新方法。方法将依托泊苷分别处理野生型及SK-1敲除型MDA-MB-231细胞,^3H-TdR掺入法分析细胞增殖,Transwell法分析细胞迁移,Western印迹检测SK-1蛋白表达及细胞周期检验点相关信号因子的蛋白表达,RT-PCR检测细胞内SK-1的mRNA表达量。结果依托泊苷在较高剂量时,MDA-MB-231细胞存活率明显下降,但依托泊苷却呈浓度依赖性促进乳腺癌细胞SK-1 mRNA及蛋白水平表达,将SK-1敲除,细胞迁移率下降,而且可以增强G1期各抑癌基因的激活或高表达,使细胞周期阻滞。结论SK-1基因敲除有效增强肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性。     

分泌蛋白YKL-40增强肿瘤细胞的上皮间质样转化

目的:分泌糖蛋白YKL-40在多种晚期肿瘤病人的血液中显著升高,提示YKL-40蛋白的血浓度是肿瘤恶变的生物标志物。本课题研究YKL-40重组蛋白和过表达YKL-40肿瘤细胞对肿瘤细胞的上皮间质样转化的作用。方法:构建YKL-40过表达的纤维状乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231和非纤维状结肠癌细胞系HCT-116,观察细胞形态学变化,收集细胞和细胞培养液用于Western Blot(WB)检测YKL-40和上皮间质转化标记蛋白Vimentin和N-cadherin。观察重组蛋白YKL-40对原代MDA-MB-231细胞在无血清条件下的细胞存活影响;另外,用细胞存活试剂盒检测YKL-40过表达HCT-116细胞在无血清的培养液中细胞存活情况。最后,用细胞侵袭试验检测YKL-40过表达MDA-MB-231细胞的侵袭力,并用WB和Zymography来测定细胞分泌MMP9蛋白的表达和酶活性。结果:YKL-40过表达增强MDA-MB-231细胞的形态向上皮间质样转化,并显著提高Vimentin、N-cadherin蛋白的表达,但对HCT-116细胞无法诱导上皮间质样转化。在无血清培养基培养条件下,YKL-40可以增强两种细胞的存活能力,并且YKL-40过表达的MDA-MB-231细胞增强了细胞的侵袭能力,促进了MMP9蛋白表达和蛋白活性。结论:YKL-40可以增加肿瘤细胞的存活力,增强纤维状细胞向上皮间质样转化;并且,YKL-40增加MMP9蛋白表达和活性,增强细胞侵袭力。YKL-40是间质样肿瘤细胞EMT的增强子,此发现为抑制肿瘤恶变提供新靶点。     

靶向下调FOXM1 基因表达对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231 细胞增殖的影响

目的：探讨靶向抑制FOXM1 对乳腺癌细胞增殖能力的影响,为乳腺癌的个性化靶向治疗提供理论依据。方法：利用重组真 核转录载体pSilencer1.0-U6-FOXM1-shRNA,脂质体法转染乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231,下调其FOXM1基因表达。采用四甲基 偶氮唑盐(MTT) 比色法、平板克隆形成实验观察细胞增值曲线以及克隆形成能力;采用实时定量- 聚合酶链反应(Real-time qPCR)、蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）分别检测FOXM1 基因在mRNA、蛋白水平的表达变化。结果：重组载体pSilencer1. 0-U6-FOXM1-shRNA转染MDA-MB-231细胞后,与对照组相比,增殖速率明显下降（P<0.05）,平板克隆形成显著减少（P<0.05）, 重组载体转染后显著抑制MDA-MB-231 细胞中FOXM1 基因在mRNA、蛋白水平的表达。结论：沉默FOXM1 基因对乳腺癌细胞 株MDA-MB-231 生长具有抑制作用,为阐明乳腺癌发病机制提供了新的切入点,也为临床抑制肿瘤生长提供了新的作用靶点。     

BMP9 inhibits the bone metastasis of breast cancer cells by downregulating CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor,CTGF) expression

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which belong to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, regulate a wide range of cellular responses including cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, and apoptosis. BMP9, the latest BMP to be discovered, is reportedly expressed in a variety of human carcinoma cell lines, but the role of BMP9 in breast cancer has not been fully clarified. In a previous study, BMP9 was found to inhibit the growth, migration, and invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In the current study, the effect of BMP9 on the bone metastasis of breast cancer cells was investigated. After absent or low expression of BMP9 was detected in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and breast non-tumor adjacent tissues using Western blot and immunohistochemistry, In our previous study, BMP9 could inhibit the proliferation and invasiveness of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 in vitro and in vivo. This paper shows that BMP9 inhibit the bone metastasis of breast cancer cells by activating the BMP/Smad signaling pathway and downregulating connective tissue growth factor (CTGF); however, when CTGF expression was maintained, the inhibitory effect of BMP9 on the MDA-MB-231 cells was abolished. Together, these observations indicate that BMP9 is an important mediator of breast cancer bone metastasis and a potential therapeutic target for treating this deadly disease.     

靶向下调FOXM1基因表达对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的影响

目的：探讨靶向抑制FOXM1对乳腺癌细胞增殖能力的影响,为乳腺癌的个性化靶向治疗提供理论依据。方法：利用重组真核转录载体pSilencer1．0-U6-FOXMI—shRNA,脂质体法转染乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231,下调其FOXM1基因表达。采用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）比色法、平板克隆形成实验观察细胞增值曲线以及克隆形成能力;采用实时定量·聚合酶链反应（Real—timeqPCR）、蛋白免疫印迹法（Westemblot）分别检测FOXMl基因在mRNA、蛋白水平的表达变化。结果：重组载体pSileneerl．0-U6-FOXMl-shRNA转染MDA-MB-231细胞后,与对照组相比,增殖速率明显下降（P〈0．05）,平板克隆形成显著减少（P〈0．05）,重组载体转染后显著抑制MDA—MB-231细胞中FOXM1基因在mRNA、蛋白水平的表达。结论：沉默FOXMI基因对乳腺癌细胞株MDA—MB-231生长具有抑制作用,为阐明乳腺癌发病机制提供了新的切入点,也为临床抑制肿瘤生长提供了新的作用靶点。     

EBP50 exerts tumor suppressor activity by promoting cell apoptosis and retarding extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity

The expression of Ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein-50 (EBP50) and the intragenic mutation of the ebp50 gene have been reported to correlate with human breast cancer development, but the exact impacts on breast cancer development and its molecular mechanism are not fully understood. In this study, we investigate the potential function of EBP50 through over-expression in the breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, which has low EBP50 protein expression levels. The effects of EBP50 over-expression on cellular proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and apoptosis were examined. In addition, the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was also determined. Our results show that a decrease of cellular proliferation and attenuation of colony-forming ability were evident in MDA-MB-231 cells stably transfected with an EBP50 expressing plasmid (EBP-231) when compared with control cells. There was also a statistically significant increase in spontaneous apoptosis in EBP-231 cells accompanied by an attenuation in ERK activity. Altogether, our results suggest that restoring EBP50 expression could suppress breast cancer cell proliferation by promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting ERK activity, and that EBP50 may be a target for development of diagnostics and therapeutics in breast cancer.     

A novel anti-Cyr61 antibody inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis in vivo

Cysteine-rich protein 61(CCN1/Cyr61) has been implicated as an important mediator in proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer, which indicated that blockage of Cyr61 might be a potent target for breast cancer treatment. However, the antitumor effect of anti-Cyr61 antibodies on breast cancer in vivo has not been reported so far. In this study, we reported the effect and likely mechanism of generated anti-human Cyr61 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) on Cyr61 high expression line MDA-MB-231, known as a highly malignant and invasive human breast cancer cell line, at aspects of proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. We found the mAb, denoted as 093G9, revealed inhibitory effects on MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through downregulation of both AKT and ERK phosphorylation in vitro compared with its isotype control. 093G9 also showed significant efficacy on suppressing primary tumor growth and spontaneous lymph node metastasis in in vivo mouse model. The specific epitope recognized by 093G9 was identified to be ¹⁴⁰LPNLGCP¹⁴⁶, adjacent to the VWC domain of Cyr61 by Ph.D.-C7C phage library display system. Our study provides direct evidence that Cyr61 can be a potent therapeutic target for patients who bear high Cyr61 expression breast cancer. Furthermore, the mAb, 093G9 developed in our laboratory, has shown a promising therapeutic characteristic in breast cancer.     

The mitochondrial protein C1qbp promotes cell proliferation,migration and resistance to cell death

Complement 1q-binding protein (C1qbp) is a mitochondrial protein reported to be upregulated in cancer. However, whether C1qbp plays a tumor suppressive or tumorigenic role in the progression of cancer is controversial. Moreover, the exact effects of C1qbp on cell proliferation, migration and death/survival have not been definitely proven. To this end, we comprehensively examined the effects of C1qbp on mitochondrial-dependent cell death, proliferation and migration in both normal and breast cancer cells using genetic gain- and loss-of-function approaches. In normal fibroblasts, overexpression of C1qbp protected the cells against staurosporine-induce apoptosis, increased proliferation, decreased cellular ATP and increased cell migration in a wound-healing assay. In contrast, the opposite effects were observed in fibroblasts depleted of C1qbp by RNA interference. C1qbp expression was found to be markedly elevated in 4 different human breast cancer cell lines as well as in ductal and adenocarcinoma tumors from breast cancer patients. Stable knockdown of C1qbp by shRNA in the aggressive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line greatly reduced cell proliferation, increased ATP levels and decreased cell migration compared with control shRNA-transfected cells. Moreover, C1qbp knockdown elicited a significant increase in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Finally, C1qbp upregulation was not restricted to breast cancer cells and tumors, as levels of C1qbp were also found to be significantly elevated in both human lung and colon cancer cell lines and carcinomas. Together, these results establish a pro-tumor, rather than antitumor, role for C1qbp and indicate that C1qbp could serve as a molecular target for cancer therapeutics.Key words: mitochondria, cell proliferation, cell migration, cell death, tumor cells